Reflector array and antenna having said reflector array

FIELD: radio engineering, communication.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a reflector array for a reflector array antenna. The reflector array comprises a plurality of elementary radiating elements forming a reflecting surface with no abrupt transitions, wherein each radiating element of the reflecting surface is selected from a set of predetermined consecutive radiating elements, called the pattern, the first (1) and last (9) elements of the pattern correspond to one phase, modulo 360°, and are identical, and the radiating elements (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) of the pattern have a radiating structure of metal patch type and/or of radiating aperture type, that gradually changes from one radiating element to another adjacent radiating element, the change in the radiating structure comprising a succession of gradual growths of at least one metal patch (25) and/or at least one aperture (27) and appearances of at least one metal patch (25) in an aperture (27) and/or at least one aperture (27) in a metal patch (25).

EFFECT: eliminating diffraction.

15 cl, 13 dwg

The technical FIELD

The present invention relates to a reflective grating for reflecting lattice antenna. In particular, it applies to antennas installed on the spacecraft, such as telecommunications satellite, or antenna ground terminal in the satellite communication or satellite broadcast.

PRIOR art

Reflecting lattice antenna 10 shown, for example, in figure 1, contains a set of elementary radiating elements 12, are combined in a one-dimensional or two-dimensional grating 11, which forms the reflective surface 14 to improve focus and increase the gain of the antenna 10. Elementary radiating elements reflective lattice, also called elementary cells, type of metal stains and/or slots have variable parameters, such as geometrical dimensions of the engraved drawings (length and width spots or cracks), which regulate in such a way as to obtain the desired beam. As shown, for example, in figure 2, the elementary radiating elements 12 can be made in the form of a metallic spots containing emitting slit and separated from the plane of the metal mass, distance, typically comprising from λg/10 to λg/6, where λg is the wavelength distributed in space. the space can be filled, and composite layered structure made by the symmetrical placement of a partition type of cellular structure and a thin dielectric shell space. To ensure the efficiency of the antenna 10 requires that the unit cell can accurately manage it produces a phase shift of the incident wave for different frequency bandwidth. It is also necessary that the method of manufacturing a reflecting grating was as simple as possible.

Accommodation emitting elements in the reflective grating requires special attention. It should, at least approximately to respond to high frequency, which determines the characteristics of reflection of the reflecting lattice (usually less 0,65 λ and preferably 0.5 λ, where λ is the wavelength in free space). As explained below, the higher the frequency, the better the performance. However, currently known reflective lattice have one major problem.

The placement of elementary radiating elements relative to each other to form a reflective grating synthesized in such a way as to obtain desired beam in the selected direction aiming to achieve the specified coverage. On figa shows an example of placement of the radiating elements of the lattice reflecting antenna from the previous level the equipment, allowing to obtain a directional point the beam in the lateral direction relative to the antenna. With regard to the plane of the reflective grating and the difference of the lengths of the paths of the waves radiated by the primary source 13, to each radiating element of the lattice, the radiation reflecting grating incident wave coming from the primary source 13, leads to a phase distribution of an electromagnetic field over a reflecting surface 14. Therefore, the dimensions of the radiating elements is determined so that the incident wave is reflected by the grating 11 with a phase shift, which compensates for the relative phase of the incident wave. Thus, not all radiating elements 12 are surrounded by such elements, and transitions from one radiating element to another is greater, the faster the phase change.

In the result, two problems arise. On the one hand, the normal approximation, which consists in calculating the electrical characteristics of the emitting elements in the proposed condition of infinite periodicity for these items is not good. On the other hand, the phenomenon of diffraction in these zones divide pseudoperiodicity placement of elementary radiating elements 12. At that time, as it is assumed that the amplitude of the electric field should apodyterium the distribution associated with the width of the beam perving the source 13, the measured distribution of the radiated electric field over a reflecting grating 11 contains a zone in which it is attenuated, which corresponds exactly to the location of these strong transitions. The more reflective lattice cell, the greater the diffraction. This leads to increased level of side lobes, which is even below -20 dB, affects the orientation of the corresponding antenna 10 that is not valid for a telecommunication antenna.

A BRIEF STATEMENT of the substance of the INVENTION

The present invention aims to resolve these drawbacks. The present invention is the creation of a reflective grating, not creating large gaps periodicity emitting elements on the reflective surface and allowing, thus, to reduce perturbations in the beam and to improve the lattice orientation of the antenna containing such a reflective grating.

Another object of the invention is the creation of a reflective grating, which allows to reduce the number of transitions, thus increasing the possibility of changing the phase of the waves reflected emitting elements.

The last task of the invention is to provide a reflective lattice containing elementary radiating elements with a simple and compact radiating structure.

In this regard, an object of the present invention is who I am reflecting grating, contains many elementary radiating elements arranged next to each other and forming a reflective surface without abrupt transition is made with the possibility of reflection of the incident waves with the selected law changes phase to implement the specified coating, characterized in that:

- elementary radiating elements performed on planar technology,

each radiating element of the reflective surface is chosen from the set of pre-defined serial emitting elements, called a pattern, the pattern made with the possibility of a gradual phase change of at least 360°between the first element and the last element of the picture

- the first element and the last element of the figure correspond to the same phase modulo 360° and are identical

- emitting elements of the picture are radiant type structure metal stains and/or type of radiating holes, gradually changing from one radiating element to another adjacent radiating element, the change in the radiating structure contains a sequence of incremental increases of at least one metal stains and/or at least one hole and appearances, at least one metal spots in the hole and/or at least one hole at back the Oia in a metal stain.

For example, the hole may be circular slot having electrical length, gradually increasing from one radiating element to another adjacent radiating element and the metallic spot can be a metal ring having a width varying from one radiating element to another adjacent radiating element.

According to a variant embodiment, the drawing contains:

- several consecutive first emitting elements comprising a metal ring, bounding the bore, in which the width of the metal ring gradually increases from one radiating element to another adjacent radiating element to obtain full metal spots, and

- several consecutive second elements containing the inner metal spot and at least one annular gap, in which the width of the annular gap is gradually increased from one radiating element to another adjacent radiating element to the disappearance of the inner metal spots and get the metal ring.

Preferably, the image may contain at least one radiating element containing at least one metal stain and two concentric annular slits made in a metal stain.

Preferably the picture is to can contain multiple radiating elements, containing metal stain and several concentric annular slits made in metal spot, with at least one of the annular slits radiating element has an electrical length that is variable with respect to another adjacent radiating element.

Preferably, the image may contain one radiating element, containing full metal spot, and several consecutive radiating elements comprising a metal stain and several concentric annular slits made in metal spot where the annular gap has a length that is variable independently or simultaneously from one radiating element to another adjacent radiating element.

Preferably, the image may contain at least one radiating element, containing a circular slot or more concentric annular slits and at least one tool short circuit and/or one capacitive tool set, at least one annular gap, and the means of a short circuit and/or capacitive means to provide a change in the electrical length of the slit.

Means a short circuit can be metallized, dividing the slit into a predetermined location at a predetermined length, or in the form of a microswitch.

Predpochtitel is but each radiating element of the pattern can contain, at least one switch, each switch is installed in the annular gap at a predetermined location in the selected open or closed, all of the annular slits have the same width.

Preferably, the image may contain several consecutive radiating elements containing multiple concentric annular slits, all radiating elements contain the same number of switches that are installed in the same locations in the annular slits, while the switches of all of the radiating elements of the pattern configured in different States, with state of the microswitches are gradually changing from one radiating element to another adjacent radiating element.

Preferably radiating elements have a geometric shape selected from the hexagon shape or form of a cross with two perpendicular branches.

The object of the present invention is also reflecting lattice antenna containing at least one reflective grating.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION of DRAWINGS

The invention is further explained in the description of the preferred variant of the embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 - diagram of the example of the reflecting lattice antennas;

Figure 2 - scheme PR is a measure of elementary radiating element, made by planar technology;

Figa diagram of an example host emitting elements reflecting grating of the prior art;

Fig.3b enlarged view of the example of the sharp divide the frequency of the reflective grating of the prior art;

Figure 4 is an example of attenuation of radiated electromagnetic fields above the radiating surface lattice of the antenna shown in figa;

5 is a diagram of an example of a periodic pattern containing a one-dimensional arrangement of several elementary radiating elements, allowing to obtain the rotation phase by 360°, according to the invention;

6 is a diagram of an example of elementary radiating elements containing multiple cracks with varying width, according to the invention;

Fig.7. diagram of the example of elementary radiating elements containing at least one slit and at least one coreconnection, according to the invention;

Figa is an example of the radiating element containing MEMS (microelectromechanical systems), according to the invention;

Fig.8b - example of a periodic pattern formed by multiple radiating elements in cruciform shape, is equipped with three concentric annular slits and systems MEMS in each slit, according to the invention;

Fig.9 is a diagram of an example two-dimensional database that contains the host from which escolca elementary radiating elements of different patterns, and two examples of possible ways to change, allowing you to get the rotation phase by 360°, according to the invention;

Figure 10 - example of installation emitting elements for reflecting grating antenna according to the invention;

11 is an example of a phase change corresponding to the two paths changes, shown in Fig.9, according to the invention.

DESCRIPTION of the PREFERRED EMBODIMENT VARIANTS of the INVENTION

Figure 1 shows an example of the reflecting lattice antenna containing a reflective grating 11, is optimized accordingly the following description, forming periodic reflecting surface 14, and a primary source 13 for irradiating the reflecting grating 11 incident wave.

Figure 2 shows an example of the elementary radiating element 12 square shape with sides of length m containing the metal spot 15, made by printing on the upper side of the dielectric substrate 16 with plane 17 of the metallic mass on its lower side. Metal spot 15 has the shape of a square with sides of size p and contains two slits 18 length b and width k, made in its center, while the slits are in the form of a cross. In the three-dimensional coordinate system XYZ plane of the reflective surface of the radiating element is the XY plane. The form of elementary radiating elements 12 is not limited to square,it can also be rectangular, triangular, circular, hexagonal, cross, or any other geometric shape. Cracks can also be performed in a different number other than two, and their location may be different from the cross.

On figa shows an example of placement emitting elements reflecting lattice antenna according to the prior art. Radiating elements 12 are similar to the elements shown in figure 2, but differ in varying sizes metal spots 15 and placed in the form of a reflective grating 11, containing sharp breaks the periodicity. On fig.3b in the enlarged view shows an example of a sharp break frequency. Indeed, some neighboring radiating elements, such as elements 22 and 23, differ sharply from each other. Transitions between two distinct neighboring radiating elements appears discontinuity, which leads to diffraction 19 radiation reflected from a reflective grating, and to the attenuation of radiated electromagnetic fields over the radiating surface. Figure 4 shows the attenuation of 40 of the electromagnetic field obtained with the use of reflective lattice, shown in figa. Figure 4 shows that there is a very clear correspondence between the break frequency of the radiating surface, shown in figa, and attenuation of the electromagnetic field on the Sabbath. this surface. This layout gives the disturbed chart of radiation with increasing level of side lobes and does not allow to obtain good directivity of the antenna containing the reflecting grating.

Figure 5 shows an example pauperizing picture containing a one-dimensional arrangement of several elementary radiating elements and allows you to get the rotation phase of 360°, in accordance with the present invention. In this example, the geometric shape of the radiating elements is hexagonal, and their peripheral ring size is the same. They are made in planar technology, and their radiating structure is more complex than the radiating structure emitting elements shown in figure 2, but mentioned radiating structure is gradually changing from one radiating element to another adjacent radiating element in the plane of the reflective surface 14 and, therefore, does not provide a sharp divide between two adjacent radiating elements. The first 1 and the last 9 radiating elements are identical. This allows the cycle phase changes by 360°, since the final state is identical to the initial state.

In this example, the first element 1 contains a peripheral circumferential metal ring 26, bounding an internal cavity 27. The following three members who athelny element 2, 3, 4 also contain peripheral circumferential metal ring 26, bounding an internal cavity 27, the width of the ring is gradually increased from one radiating element to the second directly adjacent to the radiating element to receive the fifth element 5 located in the centre of the figure, which is full metal spot 25. Starting from the sixth element 6, a circular slot 24, for example, hexagonal slot, if the radiating elements are hexagonal, appears near the periphery of the inner metal spots 25, and on the periphery remains circumferential metal ring 26. Following successive radiating elements 7, 8 contain hexagonal slot 24, the width of which gradually increases to the disappearance of the inner metal spot 25 in sluchayem element 9. Instead of influence on the width of the slit, you can also change the length of the slit or to fill gaps capacitive charges. Changing the width or length of the slit or adding capacitive charge leads to a change in the characteristics of wave propagation in the gap and affect the electrical length of the slit. It should be recalled that the electrical length of the slit corresponds to the ratio of the physical length to the length of propagation in her waves.

If the radiating element is a full metal spot 5, the incident wave, while Odesa from the primary source 13, which irradiates this radiating element is totally reflected spot. If the metal spot contains a hole, such as the gap between the metal patch and the plane of the metal mass forms a resonant cavity. Part of the incident wave, irradiating this radiating element, which in this case is transmitted to the plane of the metal mass of the radiating element, which reflects the incident wave with a phase shift. Thus, the hole causes a phase shift in the reflected waves radiating element, which is greater, the greater the hole. Compared with the radiating element containing the full spot, the maximum phase shift get when emitting element 1, 9 contains no metal spots, and only a thin metal ring that limits the resonant cavity.

At full cycle of phase change shown in figure 5, it is possible to obtain a phase shift greater than 360°. It is enough to repeat several times the same pattern of changes in the structure of the radiating elements. The number of emitting elements to obtain the figure may differ from those shown in figure 5, but it should be sufficient so as not to create a sharp break in the periodicity of the reflective surface 14. To get additional phase change and to further restrict the number of sharp perekhoda is in the reflective grating, you can also add one or more additional radiating elements in the pattern shown in figure 5.

In metal spot emitting elements you can perform a few cracks so to get a few cavities, United elementary radiating elements (6). In this example, the first element 50 contains full metal spot, and each of the following three radiating elements 51, 52, 53 contains three concentric hexagonal slots 54, 55, 56, made of metal stain. The width of the slits in the plane of the reflective surface 14 increases between the second 51 and third elements 52, then the width of the metal zones increases between the third 52 and fourth 53 elements. Radiating elements shown in Fig.6 in number four, you can place according to shown in this figure to figure, and this figure can recursively be played on the entire reflective surface 14. One or another of the three slits spots resonates depending on the frequency of the incident wave. In the example shown in Fig.6, the width of the three slits are changed simultaneously, but the invention is not limited to this case. You can also implement an image consisting of light-emitting elements, in which slits have widths that vary independently from each other, and/or radiating elements, where t is like one or two slits have a width, changing from one radiating element to another adjacent radiating element.

The advantage of radiating elements containing multiple cracks in metal spot is that they enable a more gradual phase change compared with elements containing only one slit. They provide a range of phase change of up to 1000° C and to reduce the number of transitions. In particular, in the cases described above the radiating elements have a hexagonal shape, but the same principle can be applied to all types of geometric shapes, for example square, rectangular, round, triangular, cruciform or other form.

Alternatively, in one and the same figure can be combined radiating elements that do not contain cracks radiating elements containing one or more slots. Introducing slots in consecutive radiating elements, it is possible to further reduce the number of transitions and to further expand the range of-phase waves reflected emitting elements of the picture.

In the embodiment, voploshenija invention for emitting elements, containing at least one slit, you can also gradually introduce one or several shorts that will be described below with reference to 7 or 8.

7 radiating elements contain spot 25 and y is l 24 or more slots, in introducing one or several shorts 28 that allows you to change the electrical length of the slit. The short-circuit bars 28 can be of a passive type, if they are made in the form of a simple metallization separating slit 24 in a predetermined location and a predetermined length to obtain at least two semi-slit 24A and 24b of the selected length. In an alternative embodiment, the shorts can be an active type, if they are fulfilled by means of microswitches, such as MEMS (English: Micro Eletro-Mechanical System) or diodes. Adding shorts 28 is placed in the slit 24 of the elementary radiating element allows you to get multiple resonators on a single elementary sluchayem element and improve, therefore, the possibility of phase changes and further reduce the number of sharp transitions.

In one sluchayem element and/or in two or more different members of the same figure can be combined slit containing one or more active shorts, and cracks that contains one or more passive shorts. In the framework of the present invention it is possible to consider all possible combinations.

The use of these radiating elements with multiple resonators interconnected in the reflective grating, allows, thus significantly juice is atiti number of sharp transitions in the reflective grating and so as to reduce disturbance, appearing in the pattern. Another advantage is that with the increased number of degrees of freedom it is possible to provide the required phase shift is not only at the center frequency, but also on several other frequency bandwidth of the reflective grating.

On figa shows an example of a radiating element in the shape of cross with two perpendicular branches. The cross and the hexagon allow miniaturizing elements, because cracks that determine the resonance, are curved. This allows you to get several different resonators on the metal spot, and, for example, with four slots, you can change phase up to 1000°without sharp transitions.

On figa cross contains three concentric annular slits 81, 82, 83, made of metal spot, but it may contain a different number of slots, other than three. As in the hexagon, you can gradually control the phase change on a reflective surface, placing more radiating elements in cruciform shape with variable width slots and variable width of the metal rings.

As shown in fig.8b, to obtain the stacked radiating elements, each cross can, for example, to write in a solid metal bars 84 to a cell of another geometric shape, such as square, rectangular or sestig the school. Alternatively, instead of changing the geometry of the cracks you can change the phase, using the dip switches, for example, type MEMS 85 (Micro Eletro-Mechanical System) or other switching systems, such as diodes, have a certain way in holes (figa and 8b). In this case, all radiating elements have the same structure, and all the ring gaps have the same width. MEMS system 85 is made in the slits 81, 82, 83, have two possible States, open or closed, and act as coreconnection or open circuit. They can also act as a variable capacitive charge in the case of capacitive systems MEMS. They also allow you to change the electrical length of the slots and, consequently, the phase of the wave reflected by each radiating element. As in the case of radiating elements with variable width slots, phase-emitting elements can be controlled by setting in advance a certain way, for example, in the most active areas, where the electromagnetic field is the most significant, some MEMS is in the closed state and other MEMS open condition depending on the chosen law of phase shift. For example, you can implement the pattern with a gradual change in phase that does not contain abrupt transition using multiple radiating elements with the same geometry, with the same number of EMS, installed in the same locations in the annular slits, but MEMS configure in different States. For example, for an image containing multiple radiating elements of the cross-shaped or hexagonal shape, is equipped with three concentric annular slits and systems MEMS in each slit, it is possible to gradually change the phase up to 1000°, gradually shorting various cracks adjacent radiating elements until the receipt of the radiating element, all MEMS which are closed, then a few more neighboring elements gradually establishing MEMS open position until the receipt of the radiating element, all MEMS which are open. You can also control some of MEMS in pairs or group them in one command for simultaneously changing their open or closed state. This allows, for example, in the case of geometry in the form of a cross with two perpendicular branches, to keep the mirror symmetry with respect to two axes X and Y of the two branches of the cross and to avoid activation of radiation modes, higher than the main mode, which can create a cross-polarization and reduce the bandwidth of the reflective grating.

In the example on fig.8b figure contains identical radiating elements cruciform shape, with three concentric annular gap odinakovym number of MEMS, that is, with two MEMS established pair along the Y axis in the first, the internal cracks, with six MEMS in the second slit and with six MEMS in the outer third of the slit. Six second MEMS, respectively, the third slits, installed in pairs along the Y-axis, and four other MEMS installed in pairs. In the first sluchayem element 90 all MEMS are in closed condition. In the second sluchayem element 91 four MEMS third slits, arranged in pairs, are in open condition, all other MEMS are in closed condition. In the third sluchayem element 92 both systems MEMS first cracks are in the open state, and all other MEMS are in closed condition. These radiating elements 93-98 contain other combinations of States of different MEMS until the last of the radiating element 99 figure in which all MEMS are in the same closed, as in the first sluchayem element of the picture. This pattern allows you to change the phase of the radiating elements 360°.

The geometry of the radiating element shown in figa and 8b, has the shape of a cross, but in an alternative embodiment, the MEMS system can be placed in the light emitting elements of different geometries, such as hexagonal shape, square shape, rectangle shape, or any other selected shape.

The advantage of the radiating element cross-shaped or hexagonal shape t is aetsa its compactness and, therefore, a wide bandwidth. The greater the number of ring slots, i.e. resonators, the smaller radiating element and the wider its bandwidth. In particular, a radiating element cruciform shape allows you to get an antenna that operates at a frequency of from 11 to 14 GHz. In addition, the advantage of cruciform shape is its compatibility with a square or rectangular shape of the cell, which simplifies the manufacture of the panels containing a reflective grating, consisting of radiating elements of this cruciform shape.

In an alternative embodiment can also be combined in one figure radiating elements containing one or more slits varying width, and radiating elements containing one or more slots with variable electrical length, with radiating elements, containing at least one slit with variable electrical length may include radiating elements containing at least one slit, closed short passively, and/or radiating elements, containing at least one slit, closed-circuited actively, and/or radiating elements, containing at least one slit with a capacitive MEMS.

To implement two-dimensional layout that allows you to retrieve the selected law changes phase without creating a sharp break period is licnosti, it is preferable to create a database containing various radiating elements with varying structure, which allows to obtain a phase change of 360°, as described above, and are grouped in a two-dimensional figure. Figure 9 shows an example of a database in accordance with the present invention. This database contains radiating elements 1-9, shown in figure 5, and additional radiating elements 63-68 with different intermediate structures. Using this database to select the right path changes, you can implement a gradual change in phase of the reflected wave on the basis of gradual physical changes emitting elements. Figure 9 different possible ways allow you to get a gradual phase change of 360°. Shows two example paths 61, 62. An example of a phase change obtained for one path changes, such as the path 61 or 62, is selected in the database, shown in Fig.9, for an angle of incidence of a plane wave θ equal to 30°, and three different Central frequencies, shown figure 11. Three frequencies in this example are 14 GHz 14.25 GHz 14.50 GHz, and the resulting phase change is from 60° to 420° for a picture containing different radiating elements. This 11 shows a gradual change in phase that does not contain spikes.

The database can be extended for emitting elements, containing several who are hexagonal gaps. In this case, you can just implement the desired phase shift for the Central frequency of the radiation patterns of the antenna and the desired dispersion of the phases.

Radiating elements, selected to obtain a predetermined phase changes, can in this case be combined into a two-dimensional reflective grating, shown in figure 10. Made thus reflecting grating allows to obtain a gradual change in phase of the incident waves reflected by the grating, on the basis of gradual physical changes of elementary radiating elements in the array.

The invention has been described for the private option run, but of course, it is in any case is not limited to this option and encompasses all technical equivalents of the described means as well as their combinations if they are not beyond the scope of this invention.

1. Reflecting grating that contains many elementary radiating elements arranged next to each other and forming a reflective surface without abrupt transition is made with the possibility of reflection of the incident waves with the selected law changes phase to implement the specified coating, characterized in that:
- elementary radiating elements(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) made by planar technology,
each radiating element of the reflective surface is selected from a population ZAR is it certain serial emitting elements (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9), called a pattern, the pattern is made with the possibility of creating a gradual phase change of at least 360°,
- emitting elements(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) figure have a radiating structure type metal stains and/or type of radiating holes, gradually changing from one radiating element to another adjacent radiating element, the change in the radiating structure contains a sequence of incremental increases of at least one metal spot (25) and a sequence of incremental increases at least one opening (27) and appearances, at least one metal spot (25) in the hole (27) and/or at least one opening (27) in metal spot (25).

2. Reflecting grating according to claim 1, characterized in that the first element (1) and the last element (9) of the figure correspond to the same phase modulo 360° and are identical.

3. Reflecting grating according to claim 1, characterized in that the aperture (27) is annular slit (24)having electrical gradually increasing length from one radiating element (7) to another adjacent radiating element (8).

4. Reflecting grating according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal spot (25) is a metal ring (26)having a width varying from one radiating element to another adjacent radiating element (4).

5. Reflecting grating according to claim 3, characterized in that the drawing contains:
- the set of consecutive first emitting elements(1, 2, 3, 4), containing a metal ring (26), bounding the bore (27), in which the width of the metal ring (26) is gradually increased from one radiating element to another adjacent radiating element to obtain full metal spot (25), forming a radiating element (5), and
a few second consecutive elements(6, 7, 8, 9), containing an internal metal spot (25) and at least one annular slit (24), in which the width of the annular gap (24) is gradually increased from one radiating element to another adjacent radiating element to the disappearance of the inner metal spot (25) and obtain the metal ring (26).

6. Reflecting grating according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the pattern further comprises at least one radiating element (51, 52, 53), containing at least one metal spot (25) and two concentric annular gap (54, 55, 56), made of metal spot (25).

7. Reflecting grating according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the image further comprises multiple radiating elements (51, 52, 53)comprising a metal spot (25) and several concentric ring y is LEU (54, 55, 56), made of metal spot (25), with at least one circular slot radiating element (51) has an electrical length that is variable with respect to another adjacent radiating element (52).

8. Reflecting grating according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the image contains a single radiating element (50), containing full metal spot (25), and several consecutive radiating elements (51, 52, 53)comprising a metal spot (25) and several concentric annular slots (54, 55, 56), made of metal spot (25), and the annular gap has a length that is variable independently or simultaneously from one radiating element (51) to another adjacent radiating element (52).

9. Reflecting grating according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one radiating element includes a circular slot (24) or more concentric annular slots (54, 55, 56) and at least one means (28) short circuit and/or one capacitive tool set, at least one annular gap(24, 54, 55, 56), this means a short circuit and/or capacitive means to provide a change in the electrical length of the slit.

10. Reflecting grating according to claim 9, characterized in that the means (28) short circuit is metallized, separating the slot (24) in a pre-determined is a crowded place and at a predetermined length.

11. Reflecting grating of claim 10, characterized in that the means of a short circuit is a micro switch (85).

12. Reflecting grating according to claim 11, wherein each radiating element of the figure contains at least one microswitch (85), each microswitch (85) installed in the annular space (24) in a predetermined location in the selected open or closed, all of the annular slits have the same width.

13. Reflecting grating according to item 12, characterized in that the image contains multiple consecutive radiating elements (90-99)containing multiple concentric annular slits (81, 82, 83), all radiating elements contain the same number of switches (85)installed in the same locations in the annular slits, while the switches of all of the radiating elements of the pattern configured in different States, so state switches gradually change from one radiating element (90) to another adjacent radiating element (91).

14. Reflecting grating according to claim 1, characterized in that the radiating elements have a geometric shape selected from the hexagon shape or form of a cross with two perpendicular branches.

15. Reflecting lattice antenna containing at least one reflecting re edu according to any one of claims 1 to 14.