Controlled amplifier and analogue signal mixer based on darlington differential stage. RU patent 2519348.

FIELD: radio engineering, communication.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in radio receivers, phase detectors and modulators, as well as in frequency multiplier systems or as an amplifier whose voltage transfer ratio from inputs of channel X depends on the control signal strength in channel Y. The method is carried out using a controlled amplifier and an analogue signal mixer based on a Darlington differential stage which comprises first (1) and second (2) anti-phase input voltage sources, bases of a first (3) and a second (4) input transistor, the emitter of the first (3) input transistor, a first (5) current-stabilising two-terminal element, a first (6) power supply, the emitter a second (4) input transistor, a second (7) current-stabilising two-terminal element, a first (6) power supply, a third (8) input transistor, the emitter of a fourth (9) input transistor, a third (10) current-stabilising two-terminal element, a differential load circuit (11), a second (12) power supply, first (13) and second (14) outputs of the device.

EFFECT: improved suppression of the fundamental harmonic owing to analogue signal mixers.

2 cl, 8 dwg

The invention relates to the field of radio engineering and communication and can be used in radio receiving devices of phase detectors and modulators, and also in systems of frequency multiplication or as an amplifier, the ratio voltage input channel "X" depends on the level of the control signal of the channel "Y". Controlled amplifier and analog mixer signals (CU) are the basic nodes systems for receiving and processing of signals in HF and SHF ranges.

In modern microelectronics widespread differential cascades (DC) into its component transistors [1-13]. Their gain voltage depends on the size of the static current common emitter circuit DK (y I =I 0 ) and therefore such DK are (in electronic change in the value of current I y =I 0 ) managed amplifiers (CU).

The closest prototype of the proposed device, the architecture of which is also present in other patents and monographs [1-13], is controlled power on the basis of the so-called cascade of Darlington 1 is presented in the patent application US 2009/058466 containing 1 first and second 2 sources anti-phase input voltages associated with the respective databases of the first 3 and 4 second input emitter first 3 input transistor through the first 5 ecostability dvuhgolosyj hooked up to the first 6 power supply, the emitter of the second 4 input transistor through the second 7 ecostability dvuhgolosyj related to the first 6 power supply, the third 8 input transistor, the emitter of which is connected with the emitter of the fourth 9 input transistor and through the third 10 ecostability dvuhgolosyj connected to the first 6 power supply, differential load circuit 11, consistent with the second 12 power source and connected with the first 13 and 14 second output device, with the emitter of the first 3 input transistor is connected to the base of the third 8 input transistor, the emitter of the second 4 input transistor is connected to the base of the fourth 9 input transistor collector third 8 input transistor is connected to AC with header second 4 input transistor and associated with the second 14 output device, the collector of the fourth 9 input transistor is connected to AC with header of the first 3 input transistor and related to the first 13 output device.

A significant disadvantage of the device is that when electronically controlled amount of gain (To do ) in the famous SU phase output voltage at the operating frequency range of the differential cascade (DK) is not changed by 180 degrees. As a consequence, it is not possible to use the well-known house of culture in the structure of a number of radio engineering devices, such as mixer analog signals of phase detectors, etc.

The main objective of the invention consists in obtaining the output DC will not only amplitude changes of the output signal under the action of the control voltage of a channel to "Y", but its phases. As a consequence, it is possible to create on the basis of the proposed device mixers analog signals with good suppression main harmonics.

The problem is solved by the fact that in the SU 1, containing the first 1 and 2 second sources anti-phase input voltages associated with the respective databases of the first 3 and 4 second input emitter first 3 input transistor through the first 5 ecostability dvuhgolosyj hooked up to the first 6 power supply, the emitter of the second 4 input transistor through the second 7 ecostability dvuhgolosyj related to the first 6 power supply, the third 8 input transistor, the emitter of which is connected with the emitter of the fourth 9 input transistor and through the third 10 ecostability dvuhgolosyj connected to the first 6 power supply, differential load circuit 11, consistent with the second 12 power source and connected with the first 13 and 14 second output device, with the emitter of the first 3 input transistor is connected to the base of the third 8 input transistor, the emitter of the second 4 input transistor is connected to the base of the fourth 9 input transistor collector third 8 input transistor is connected to AC with header second 4 input transistor and associated with the second 14 output device, the collector of the fourth 9 input transistor is connected to AC with header of the first 3 input transistor and related to the first 13 output device, there are new elements and connections of the source control voltage 15 is connected to AC joint emitters 8 third and fourth input 9 transistors, and between the emitter of the first 3 and 4 second input transistors included additional resistor 16.

On the drawing figure 1 shows a diagram SU-prototype, and the drawing figure 2 - scheme of the claimed SU in accordance with paragraphs 1 and 2 of the claims.

On the drawing figure 3 shows an example of the proposed TOS for the case when the source control voltage 15 channel "Y" is connected with the joint emitters 8 third and fourth 9 input transistors through additional voltage follower transistors 21, 22 and additional resistor 25. This schematic solution corresponding item 1 of the claims, illustrates other modifications of the claimed device. In particular, the implementation of the transistor 22 in diagram 3 on the basis of dual bipolar transistor and connect the appropriate collectors dual bipolar transistor 22 to the outputs 14 and 15 of the device contributes to the further improvement of the level of suppression of the fundamental wave mixer figure 3.

On the drawing figure 4 shows the scheme of the claimed SU 2 in the environment of the PSpice models of integrated transistors FGUP NPP "pulsar".

On the drawing figure 5 shows the dependence of the modulus gain voltage on the value of the static current I 10 of the third 10 ecostability of dvuhyarusnaya scheme figure 4. This chart, as well as the analysis show that at current I 10 <4,6 mA output signal has a SU phase, the opposite phase input voltage u x =V6, and when I 10 >4,6 mA output signal has a SU phase, which coincides with the phase of the input voltage u x =V6.

On the drawing 6 presents the scheme of the claimed SU 2 in the environment Cadence on models SiGe integrated transistors.

On the drawing 7 shows the oscillogram of the signal output circuits SU 6 with voltages of 1 first and second 2 sources anti-phase input voltage (channel X)

and frequency F x =10 kHz, and when the voltage of the control signal 15 (channel "Y") X y =200 MB with frequency F y =1 MHz.

On the drawing Fig shows the spectral output 6 at voltages channel "X"

, F x =10 kHz, and voltage channel "Y" U y =200 MB, y F =1 MHz.

Declare controlled amplifier figure 2, which can function as a mixer analog signals u x u y 1 contains the first and second 2 sources anti-phase input voltages associated with the respective databases of the first 3 and 4 second input emitter first 3 input transistor through the first 5 ecostability dvuhgolosyj hooked up to the first 6 power supply, the emitter of the second 4 input transistor through the second 7 ecostability dvuhgolosyj related to the first 6 power supply, the third 8 input transistor, the emitter of which is connected with the emitter of the fourth 9 input transistor and through the third 10 ecostability dvuhgolosyj connected with the first 6 power supply, differential load circuit 11, consistent with the second 12 power source and connected with the first 13 and 14 second output device, with the emitter of the first 3 input transistor is connected to the base of the third 8 input transistor, the emitter of the second 4 input transistor is connected to the base of the fourth 9 input transistor collector third 8 input transistor is connected to AC with header second 4 input transistor and associated with the second 14 output device, the collector of the fourth 9 input transistor is connected to AC with header the first 3 input transistor and related to the first 13 output device. Source control voltage 15 is connected to AC joint emitters 8 third and fourth 9 input transistors, and between the emitter of the first 3 and 4 second input transistors included additional resistor 16.

In addition, the drawing of figure 2, in the particular case, in accordance with claim 2, source control voltage 15 is connected to AC joint emitters 8 third and fourth 9 input transistors through consistently United separating capacitor 17 and the termination resistor 18. In addition, the drawing figure 2 differential load circuit 11 made (in the particular case) on the basis of resistors 19 and 20.

On the drawing figure 3 shows an example of the proposed TOS figure 2 for the case when the source control voltage 15 connected with the joint emitters 8 third and fourth 9 input transistors through additional (classical) voltage follower transistors 21, 22 and additional resistor 25. This schematic solution corresponding item 1 of the claims, illustrates other directions of improvement of the claimed device. In particular, the implementation of the transistor 22 in diagram 3 on the basis of dual bipolar transistor and connect the appropriate collectors dual bipolar transistor 22 to the outputs 14 and 15 of the device contributes to the further improvement of the level of suppression of the fundamental wave mixer figure 3. Static mode transistors 21 and 22 in the diagram figure 3 is set by reference sources of a current of 23 and 24. In the particular case, collectors dual transistors 22 can be connected with a second 12 power supply.

Consider the work of the SU 2 in the frequency range, when the influence of 17 capacitor can be neglected because of its small resistance of the alternating current in comparison with the resistor 18.

Input signal (u x and

) channel "X" is transferred from sources

The second channel signaling channel "X" to exit 13 (14) - noninverting. It is associated with the presence of voltage u x (1) and

(2) on the bases of transistors 8 and 9 and their conversion into a collector transistor currents 8 and 9. Conversion factors voltage u x and

in the output currents of this channel depends on the level of current i S (t) in the common emitter circuit transistor 8 and 9:

where r e , r e - resistance emitter transitions corresponding transistors 8 and 9:

moreover total current common emitter circuit transistor 8 and 9 i S (t) depends on the control voltage u y 15:

As a result, the total current in the resistor 19 differential load circuit 11 has two differential components:

Thus, the load resistor 19 there are two opposite phase components of currents due to input u x channel "X" and the voltage u y channel "Y":

Diagram figure 2 is configured so that when u y =0 alternating current in the resistor 19 (20) was equal to zero, provided that an appropriate choice of the resistor 16 and current I 10 dvuhyarusnaya 10:

If the total current common emitter circuit transistor 8 and 9 under source control voltage 15 (u, y ) becomes less or more than the static current I 10 , there is a change in the phase of the output signal DC - in scheme prevails or the first inverting the transmission channel x and u

through the transistors 3 and 4, or the second channel non-inverting (transistors 8, 9). This effect is achieved due to new relationships in the claimed DC and is a necessary condition for realization on its basis not only managed out phase-sensitive (to the control channel signal "Y") of the amplifier, but mixer signals u x u y channels "X" and "Y".

Thus, the alternating currents in the resistors 19 and 20:

Therefore, the variable component output differential voltage SU figure 2 is the product of voltage u x u y :

From (11) that the proposed device provides the mix (multiplying) two signals u x u y , which is confirmed by the results of the simulation (Fig.7, Fig).

In microwave mixers signals figure 2 resistor 18 may function as a chain of consistency between the source voltage input channel "Y" with the specified wave resistance, for example, 100 Ohms.

Thus, the proposed solution, which is an alternative solution widespread mixer Hilbert problem has a functional advantage as compared with the prototype.

THE BIBLIOGRAPHIC LIST

1. The patent application US 2009/058466. fig.3.

2. The US patent №6.137.363.

3. The US patent №3.482.177, fig.3.

4. The patent application US 2005/0225389, fig.3.

5. The patent application US 2009/289714, fig.3.

6. Patent JP 52-139346, CL 98(5)/A31, 1997.

7. Patent US 4.101.842, fig.1.

8. Patent US 5.006.818.

9. Patent USSR 813692.

10. Patent USSR 497713.

11. Operational amplifiers with direct connection cascades / V.I. Anisimov, Kapitonov M.V., Prokopenko N., Sokolov, Y.M., Leningrad, 1979. - 148 S. - p.56, 2-11.

12. Polonnikov CU Operational amplifiers: Principles of construction, theory, circuitry. - M, 1983. - 216 C. - p.140, RIS.

13. Galperin M.V. and other Amps DC / Galperin M.V., P. Zlobin, Pavlenko, VA - 2-e Izd., Rev. and extra - M: Energy, 1978, p.78, 2-14.

1. Managed mixer amplifier and analog signals on the basis of differential cascade of Darlington, containing the first (1) and second (2) the sources of anti-phase input voltages associated with the appropriate database first (3) and second (4) input emitter first (3) of the input transistor through the first (5) ecostability dvuhgolosyj connected to the first (6) power source emitter second (4) of the input transistor through the second (7) ecostability dvuhgolosyj related to the first (6) power supply, and the third (8) input transistor, the emitter which is connected with the emitter of the fourth (9) of the input transistor and through the third (10) ecostability dvuhgolosyj connected to the first (6) power supply, differential load circuit (11), consistent with the second (12) the power source and connected to the first (13) and the second (14) the outputs of the device, with the emitter of the first (3) of the input transistor is connected to the base of the third (8) of the input transistor, the emitter of the second (4) of the input transistor is connected to the base of the fourth (9) of the input transistor collector third (8) of the input transistor is connected AC with header second (4) input transistor and associated with the second (14) the output device, the collector of the fourth (9) of the input transistor is connected to AC with header of the first (3) of the input transistor and related to the first (13) output device, wherein the source control voltage (15) is connected to AC joint emitters third (8) and fourth (9) input transistors, and between the emitter of the first (3) and second (4) input transistors included additional resistor (16).

2. Managed mixer amplifier and analog signals on the basis of differential cascade of Darlington according to claim 1, wherein the source control voltage (15) is connected to AC joint emitters third (8) and fourth (9) input transistors through consistently United decoupling capacitor (17) and the termination resistor (18).