Diagnostics method of road carpet surface evenness |
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IPC classes for russian patent Diagnostics method of road carpet surface evenness (RU 2519002):
 Device for continuous control of soil compaction quality / 2500855
Device comprises a road roller with a working element. The roller is equipped with an indicator, and also a bracket and a fixing device arranged on it, which are made as capable of interaction with a feeler, on which the contacting device is fixed.
 Digital adaptive system for control of asphalt-concrete mixture compaction process / 2499095
Carried out continuously, due to application of a sensor detector on a frame of a working element of an asphalt spreading machine, providing for instant response at variation of any factor of environment and a process, a unit of a phasifier, providing for translation of initial data from sensors that monitor the control process into values of linguistic variables, a unit of adaptive control, providing for realisation of the procedure of fuzzy conclusion on the basis of multiple production rules, making the knowledge base of the control system, as a result of which output linguistic values are generated, a unit of a dephasifier, providing for translation of linguistic values into accurate values of results of calculations and formation of control actions, supplied to the discrete hydraulic drives. The digital adaptive system of asphalt-concrete mixture compaction process comprises an angular position sensor 1, which generates an error signal, proportional to the value of deviation of the working element of the asphalt spreading machine from the gravitation vertical line. The error signal arrives from the outlet of the angular position sensor to the first input of the phasifier unit. The elevation position sensor generates an error signal proportional to the value of deviation of the working element from the position sent by a guide block. The error signal arrives from the outlet of the elevation position sensor to the second input of the phasifier unit. The strain gauge converter of the force generates a signal proportional to the force in a metal structure of a ramming bar, which arrives from the outlet of the strain gauge converter of the force to the third input of the phasifier unit. The sensor detector installed on the frame of the working element of the asphalt spreading machine generates a signal proportional to variation of any factor of environment and process, which arrives from the outlet of the sensor detector to the fourth input of the phasifier unit. The phasifier unit translates initial data from sensors that control the control process into values of linguistic variables for the adaptive control unit. The adaptive control unit realises procedures of fuzzy conclusion on the basis of multiple production rules, making the knowledge base of the control system, as a result of which the output linguistic values are generated for the dephasifier unit. The dephasifier unit translates linguistic values into accurate values of calculation results and generates control actions supplied to discrete hydraulic drives for reduction of current errors to zero.
 Method to monitor roughness of road surface / 2478749
Method to monitor roughness of road surface consists in the fact that average depth of grooves is identified on the controlled surface by the method of sand spot, additionally at the same sections in several points a value of electric capacitance of an air gap is determined, and the air gap is formed between the road surface and surface of a sensor of an electric capacitance instrument, when laid onto the controlled surface, then, using produced experimental data the averaged value of air gap electric capacitance is determined in the controlled section, which is comparable with the average value of groove depth at the same section, and during comparative analysis of the available averaged value of electric capacitance of the air gap in the controlled section for the specified type of road surface, the average value of roughness depth is identified.
Method of estimating linear temperature deformations of road construction materials and set of hardware to this effect / 2473732
Proposed method comprises making specimen of road construction materials to be tested. Said specimen is saturated with water simulating actual operating conditions of paving in appropriate season and places in dilatometer chamber. Said chamber is filled with working fluid, sealed and place in heat-chamber wherein its if frozen or heated at preset rate to preset temperature, minus 60 degrees Centigrade or plus 60 degrees Centigrade. Note here that working fluid volume change in measured by level gage to estimate linear deformation from revealed variation. Proposed set of hardware comprises device to saturate specimen with fluid, at least, one dilatometer chamber to house specimen to be tested communicated with fluid level gage, polymethyl siloxane fluid, and heat-chamber with temperature controller. Proposed method and set allow accurate estimation of linear heat deformations and proper selection of materials for making paving.
 Plant to determine characteristics of profile of deformed support surfaces / 2468142
Plant to determine characteristics of a profile of deformed support surfaces relates to the field of research of geometric characteristics of profile irregularities of deformed support surfaces, preferably soils under natural conditions that vary their dimensions when interacting with propulsive agents of wheeled mobile machines. One of ends of each of longitudinal levers is hingedly fixed to a transverse frame equipped with support wheels. On free ends of longitudinal levers there are accessories installed in the form of wheels for supporting motion complying with the surface profile. Longitudinal levers are hingedly fixed to the frame at distances from each other corresponding to a transverse pitch of surface profile measurement. At the ends of the transverse frame there are measurement accessories arranged in the form of receivers of a global navigation system. Wheels of accessories to provide for motion complying with the surface profile are arranged as detachable and capable of displacement. On longitudinal levers above detachable wheels there are elements of fixation and replaceable weights to create a normal load at detachable wheels. A transverse frame is additionally equipped with sensors of a turn angle for each longitudinal lever relative to it.
Method to assess resistance of asphaltic concrete samples to wear with studded tyres and set of equipment for its implementation / 2465389
Cylindrical sample of tested asphaltic concrete surface is made with specified dimensions, and the sample is saturated with a liquid, composition of which models liquid composition under actual conditions of asphaltic concrete surfaces operation. Then the sample volume is determined in a hydrostatic manner, and the sample is placed into a tight drum of a ball mill, where steel balls are freely placed, imitating tyre studs, as well as a liquid, composition of which models composition of a liquid under actual conditions of asphaltic concrete surfaces operation. Then the drum is installed with its drive in a refrigerating chamber, and the necessary temperature is set in it to model actual conditions of operation. Afterwards the drum is rotated, in which the balls hit against the tested sample surface, wearing it, causing its abrasion, upon completion of tests the sample is removed, washed with water, and the remaining volume of the sample is determined in a hydrostatic manner. Resistance of the asphaltic concrete sample to its wear with studded tyres is assessed by the difference in sample volumes before and after the tests. A set of equipment is proposed to implement the method for assessment of asphaltic concrete samples resistance to their wear with studded tyres. Application of the method with usage of a set of equipment for its implementation will make it possible already at the design stage to assess resistance of various versions of asphaltic concrete with high degree of validity to their wear with studded tyres, and to select compositions from them that correspond to the specified requirements to wear.
 Device to determine coupling properties of road surface / 2464373
Device to determine coupling properties of a road surface includes a body, where a tyre imitator is mounted, equipped with a loading mechanism and joined with a drive of its reciprocal displacement, arranged in the form of a return spring and a pneumatic drive. The novelty is the fact that the tyre imitator is installed between the return spring and the pneumatic drive, to which it is connected by means of a flexible joint arranged as a metal tape. Besides, the return spring and the pneumatic drive are mounted on a body in such a way that direction of their action is perpendicular to direction of tyre imitator displacement, at the same time the flexible joint rests against diverting freely rotating drums.
 Method to assess durability of artificial surfaces of operated runways / 2434094
In the method to assess durability of artificial surfaces of operated runways by investigation of an artificial surface of a runway on a section with full-strength coating along its whole width and arranged at the side opposite to the one where taxiways adjoin, - a percentage of boards is determined with cracks in rows of surface boards, as well as actual data on quantity of applications of operable airplane load, then a curve is built using data obtained for this surface on dependence of quantity of boards with cracks on quantity of airplane load applications, and durability of an artificial surface is determined using permissible limit of airplane load applications, which complies with the specified permissible limit of boards with cracks.
 Device for electromechanical measurement of friction coefficient of wheel with surface of aerodrome pavement / 2434093
Device for electromechanical measurement of friction coefficient of wheel with surface of aerodrome pavement includes: motor vehicle base, measuring wheel, hub of measuring wheel, shaft of measuring wheel, system of decreasing/increasing and setting of the specified pressure on measuring wheel, pressure sensor, angular speed sensor, reduction gear and control panel. In addition, the above device includes: platform with rotation axis, suspension beam of measuring wheel with rotation axis, friction force sensor, carriage, carriage movement shafts, extension-type cardan shaft, generator with external excitation, unit of resistors, generator control unit, shock absorber, receiver of satellite navigation system and automatic control system. At that, output of pressure sensor is connected to the first input of automatic control system the first output of which is connected to lowering/rising of measuring wheel. Angular speed sensor arranged on measuring wheel hub is connected with its output to the second input of automatic control system. The second output and the third input of automatic control system are connected to input and output of control panel respectively. At that, measuring wheel hub is mechanically connected through carriage on movement shafts to friction force sensor the output of which is connected to the fourth input of automatic control system. Measuring wheel is mechanically connected through extension-type cardan shaft then through reduction gear to rotor of generator, which is connected to unit of resistors. The second output of automatic control system is connected through generator control unit to external excitation generator. Lowering/rising system through pressure sensor is mechanically connected to the platform. Shock absorber is connected between platform and suspension beam of measuring wheel. Receiver of satellite navigation system is connected to the fifth input of automatic control system.
 Device to measure coefficient of adhesion of vehicle wheel to road and aerodrome surface / 2415990
Device comprises a trailer with a braking system and a control unit. A measuring wheel and a freely rolling wheel are installed on two axles on the trailer with wheel rpm sensors installed on according axles, outlets of which are joined to the inlet of the control unit. The control unit includes a measurement system and a registration unit. The braking system is equipped with a hydraulic pump installed on the axle of the measuring wheel and joined by a hydraulic line to a hydraulic tank, a safety valve and a track choke with a control element, a pressure sensor is installed at the inlet of the track choke. The outlet of the pressure sensor and the control element of the track choke are connected to the control unit.
 Device for measurement of transverse coefficient of wheel adhesion to road surface / 2351705
Invention is related to construction, operation, maintenance and repair of works, road surfaces, aerodromes, namely to devices for control over condition of asphalt concrete surfaces of motor roads and aerodromes. Device for measurement of transverse coefficient of wheel adhesion to road surface comprises attached instrument with measuring system that consists of electric motor, the first reduction gear with drive gear, two powder clutches with gears having two excitation windings, control and registration unit, the second reduction gear with central gear, turn angle detector, metering wheel and yoke with axis installed in hinged joint. At that excitation windings of powder clutches and detector of turn angle are connected via control and registration unit, and metering wheel is connected to turn angle detector by means of yoke and hinged joint so that yoke might turn with metering wheel in horizontal plane relative to axis of automobile motion by skid angle α. The novelty is that metering wheel is equipped with braking system arranged in the form of electromagnet powder clutch, and control signal from control and registration unit is supplied to its winding, and detector of rotations number, signal from which arrives to control and registration unit of braking system.
 Device for measuring adhesion coefficient of car wheel with road surface / 2357038
Present invention relates to the field of materials analysis by mechanical methods, and particularly to the device, which makes it possible to evaluate the adhesion coefficient of a car wheel with the road surface. The technical outcome is the simplification of the design, widening the possibility of carrying out work in laboratory conditions simultaneously by the methods of measuring the braking distance and deceleration and changes in the operating conditions in a wide range. The technical outcome is achieved due to the fact that the device is made in the form of a cart, which moves along a rubber path with uniform acceleration during the rolling of the central and balancer wheel under the action of the free falling load.
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FIELD: instrumentation. SUBSTANCE: in contrast to known methods to monitor irregularities of road carpet profile based on the measurement of the profile deviations by any method, the proposed invention implies that the road carpet quality is checked by the vibration characteristics of a moving vehicle, in particular, of a mobile vibration measuring system on a car base. The method implies that at the stage of putting a road into operation a reference base of road carpet evenness parameters is created while the characteristics of vibration effects of the road carpet irregularities with the measurement site correlation by a satellite positioning system are used as the above parameters; in the course of the road operation the road carpet state is monitored and the parameters of vibration effects caused by the road carpet irregularities are recorded, data of control measurements are compared to the reference data in the similar points of the route, basing on the difference of vibration effect parameters a decision on the road carpet repair or speed limitation at the problem road sections is made. EFFECT: possibility to reasonably recommend the road operation time until repair, speed limits for vehicles. 2 dwg
The invention relates to the construction and operation of roads, in particular to the measurement techniques used to measure surface smoothness of the road surface, and can be used to monitor the quality of the road surface during operation and predicting service life coating. After construction of a road and its arrangement according to requirements of GOST 30412-96 is its certification, if this is the dimension of microprofile pavement using surveying instruments (level or total station) or three-meter rail. The evenness of the road, as a parameter, is determined by the existing state standards as the distance from the base surface of the tool called a rake to the surface of the road surface [1, 2]. Known methods of measuring the geometrical parameters of the profile of the road, including the flow on the road surface light, laser radiation, ultrasonic signals, the reception of the reflected signals and convert them into analog signals, and transmitting the converted signals and the definition specified programs geometrical parameters of the profile and the roughness of the road surface (RU # 2397286 from 20.08.2010, AS 23/07, G01C 7/04, RU # 2400594 from 27.09.2010, AS 23/07, G01B 5/28). The disadvantages of these methods assessable the complexity of hardware and software, the high cost of measurements, the dependence of the measurement on the time of day, lighting, weather conditions, lack of reliability emitting devices. The objective of the invention is to provide such a method for the diagnosis of surface smoothness of the road surface, which would simplify the measuring process itself, to increase its reliability and efficiency through the use of a more simple modern hardware and software tools that are better adapted to real road conditions. The problem is solved by creating a method for the diagnosis of surface smoothness of the road surface through the analysis of vibration actions irregularities of the road surface when the vehicle is moving, which continuously measure the vibration of the through vibration sensor installed on the unsprung part of the vehicle along the axes of the four wheels; at the stage of certification of the road, before commissioning, creating a master base parameters of flatness of the road surface by continuous recording of the amplitude of vibration actions irregularities of the road surface with reference to the place of measurement of the satellite positioning system; measurement data recorded on the hard disk of the computer; during operation of the road diagnostics of the condition of the road surface, recording amplit the water the vibration actions irregularities of the road surface also with reference to the place of measurement of the satellite positioning system; measurements of the amplitudes of vibration actions audit records are compared with the corresponding elements of the measurement of the amplitudes of vibration actions available in the reference database parameters of flatness of the road surface, on the same point of the track, and correct the measured amplitude of vibration control record with regard to comparing the value of speed at the reference recording speed at the control account, respectively, proportionally increasing the amplitude, if the speed of the defect place at the control account was less than the rate of passing in a reference record, and therefore proportionally reducing the amplitude, if the speed of the defect place at the control account was more speed when passing the reference record; largest growing difference of the values of the amplitudes the vibration actions reference record measurements and controlling measurement recorded decide to continue operating the road, or the repair of the road surface, or the speed limit on the problematic parts of the road. The invention is illustrated by drawings on which is shown: figure 1 shows the stages of implementation of the method, figure 2 - schematic diagram of the instrumental part, which implements the inventive method. In the process of implementing ways is and diagnostics road tracks through mobile vibro-measuring complex including basic vehicle computing system, operator's workstation, power tools, vibro-measuring complex and a satellite positioning system. Computing complex is functionally means for processing the received information and transmitting the processing results to the Central computer in real time. Vibro-measuring complex is a means of measurement and analysis of vibration exposure unevenness of the road surface. It was equipped with a standard vibro-measuring equipment. The vibration sensors are mounted on the unsprung part of the vehicle to the suspension of the vehicle in the places of attachment of the shock absorbers on the axes of all four wheels, such as in solution [3]. Satellite positioning system is designed for geodetic investigated road tracks to the e-road project and the results of measurement of vibration actions to geographic coordinates and speed of the mobile vibro-measurement complex. For this complex are equipped with a satellite positioning system, which allows binding of the measured data of vibration actions to geographic coordinates and speed and the reference station, which is used in conjunction with a navigation system for surveying eskay binding mobile vibro-measuring complex to control points of a road project. The equipment for receiving and processing satellite signals includes an antenna, a receiver of satellite signals, the modem and the controller GPS/GLONASS. The proposed method consists of three stages: stage certification - creating the database settings ravesta road (reference recording parameters of vibration actions irregularities of the road surface), stage of diagnosis pavement (control recording and processing parameters ravesta road) during operation of the road and the decision-making stage (stage parameters comparison of reference and test records on the same track), which change the parameters of vibration actions are judged on changing the parameters of flatness of the road surface. These stages are shown in figure 1. The first stage envisages the establishment of a reference database settings ravesta road before commissioning of the road, this involves the following steps. Before working in the memory unit of computer system entered the original data - electronic project model plan provisions highways with reference points. The mobile station through the joint operation of the satellite positioning system and the reference station is set to the starting point with known coordinates, used in the preparation of the project road as Repin the th. From this starting point of the distance measurement of ravesta surface on each lane highways, and the evenness of the road surface estimated average intensity of the vibration of road irregularities on the wheels of automotive tools. As the evaluation criterion of flatness of the road surface in the present invention uses the energy spectrum of vibration actions irregularities of the road surface (spectral density or power) of the signal of the four vibration sensors that are installed vertically on the unsprung part of the vehicle in the places of attachment of the shock absorbers, axles, four wheels. The shock sensor acts as the Registrar of the oscillations of the wheels due to road irregularities. This estimated energy of oscillations in different frequency ranges. Because the vibration sensor mounted on the unsprung part of the vehicle, the profile irregularities, absitively wheels, recorded by these sensors, the signal of current vertical components of the acceleration depends on the profile irregularities of the road surface. Due to the elasticity of the wheels on the accuracy of the estimates is almost not affected by the roughness of the road surface. Vertically installed vibration sensors as registrars oscillations of the wheels due to road irregularities record acceleration in wide enough for the EfE frequency: - low frequency from hundredths to tenths of a Hz vibrations caused by road irregularities in the form of furrows and ridges; vibrations with higher frequencies (from tenths to units of Hz), caused by irregularities such as a "wave"; vibrations caused all sorts of damage to roads due to the large mass of the car will not exceed the first ten Hz. Fluctuations caused by damage to the fabric of the road, close to shock loads. They manifest themselves in the form of a "burst" signal, the magnitude of which depends on the depth (height) of the irregularities. The frequency of these "bursts" and their amplitude is measured directly by highlighting them from the output signal of the vibration sensor with the subsequent binding coordinates to the road. The vibration sensors convert the mechanical influence of the unevenness of the road into an electrical signal. In the spectrum analyzer converts the analog signal into a digital format. Measurement data are transmitted to a computer system and written to the hard disk along with the data about the speed and coordinates of the satellite positioning system. When processing parameters of vibration actions information analysis can be carried out on all four vibration sensors, and for the generalized analysis of data from all sensors are averaged. Data of vibration actions are read and stored the database computing system for the construction characteristics of the vibration of the impact of road irregularities. When processing information using known methods of digital processing of signals in fibroepithelial. At the second stage - the stage of the diagnostic quality of the road surface during operation record and process the information of the subsequent passages of the above-mentioned mobile vibro-measuring complex for the audited section of the road, which contains parameters of vibration actions caused the destruction of the road surface, determined according to the vibration characteristics of a moving car tools, namely the amplitude-time characteristics of audit records with reference to the place of testing together with data on the speed and coordinates of the satellite positioning system. Since the movement of the mobile vibro-measuring complex for the audited section of the road from a strictly constant speed is difficult, there is a difference between the speeds of passing the same points of the track when the master records and audit records when monitoring. Naturally, the analysis and comparison in the first place, subject to the maximum values of the amplitudes of the control record, "bursts" of the signal, caused by the destruction of the coating. The values of these amplitude values are correct in the assumption of proportional amplitude vyprovozhdat the Oia from the passing speed of the defect of the road surface, accordingly, increasing the amplitude, if the speed of the defect place at the control account was less than the rate of passing in a reference record, and therefore proportionally reducing the amplitude, if the speed of the defect place at the control account was greater than the speed of passing in a reference record. At the stage of decision making conclusions about the status of individual elements of the road surface is produced on the basis of the proven concepts of dependence between parameters of flatness of the road surface and the amplitude of vibration of the impact of road irregularities registered mobile vibro-measurement complex, conducting a comparison of the amplitudes of the vibration test and reference entries on the same waypoints. Thus, on the basis of the proposed method tracks the change in amplitude of vibration exposure unevenness of the road when driving a car means, indirectly characterizing the performance of flatness - diagnosis of the condition of the road surface. The decision to continue operation can be made if the difference of the amplitudes of vibration actions reference and test records in General throughout the survey area does not go beyond the limits of tolerance. As soon as the value of this parameter is outside the permissible shall imih deviations, the decision on carrying out repair works on the entire site or parts thereof. Also gives recommendation about reducing the speed limit. In this case, since the values of the amplitudes of the reference and test records of vibration actions tied to the coordinates of the terrain, there may be additionally conducted instrumental inspection of the problem area to clarify the scope of repair work. So as to check the track go the same route, comparing the previous readings of vibration actions followed, it is always possible to evaluate the operational condition of the road, to predict its future state. To implement the proposed method can use the following instrument components (figure 2). Vibro-measuring the complex includes the piezoceramic vibration aircraft type 112 with embedded electronics with a sensitivity of 100 mV/d with a frequency range of 0.5 to 5000 Hz. Built-in amplifier for sensors with integrated electronics allows you to connect the vibration sensor without using an intermediate amplifiers [4]. Spectrum analyzer low frequency range type ZET 017-U8 used for long-term continuous recording of the signals of the vibration sensors. It allows the simultaneous survey of all channels of the system in real time, and processing the recorded time is realizatsii. The spectrum analyzer has the ability to work offline (without a computer) in the mode register signals to internal storage expandable up to 32 GB [5]. Communication with PC computer complex is on the USB 2.0 bus. The equipment for receiving and processing satellite signals includes an antenna, a receiver of satellite signals, the modem and the controller, GPS/GLONASS, such as in [6]. As a reference station in the complex is used Stonex RSNFT4 GNSS-based CORS, together with the technology of super-long distances in real time, which can receive signals GLONASS, supports L5 frequency of the third generation of GPS and new signals L2 C/A. High precision and efficiency allow surveying in real time. Six modes of data transfer, a large amount of memory for data storage, convenient loading and transfer. The link between the reference station and the receiver of the satellite positioning system is wireless via modems. The set of used software and hardware shows that the proposed method is feasible in an industrial environment and, therefore, is industrially applicable. The claimed invention is achieved technical result, which is to improve the accuracy and efficiency of determining the parameters of flatness of the road surface when the vehicle and extending functionality by providing automatic remote issuance of parameters of flatness and evaluation of the condition of the road the blade during operation. In addition, new features of the invention is able to soundly recommend the life of the road surface and the recommended speed of movement of vehicles. Sources used 1. GOST 30412-96. Car roads and airfields. Methods of measurement of roughness of base and coating. Introduced 1.01.1997, by decree of the Ministry of construction of Russia on August 5, 1990 No. 18-60, p.6. Measurements with automotive installation PCRs-2. 2. SNiP 3.06.03 - 85 "roads". M: GOSSTROY of the USSR, 1989, 14. Acceptance of the executed works. 3. Installation for testing shock absorber of the vehicle (RU # 112422, G01M 17/04, 10.01.2012). 4. Accelerometers with integrated electronics standard SR. http://www.zetms.ru/catalog/vibrodats/vibro.php. 5. Spectrum analyzer low frequency range ZET 017 - U8. http://www.zetms.ru/catalog/vibrodats/vibro.php. 6. On-Board device control parameters of the vehicle (RU # 113230, B62D 41/00, G07C 5/08, 10.02.2012). Method for the diagnosis of surface smoothness of the road surface through the analysis of vibration actions irregularities of the road surface when the vehicle is moving, namely, that continuously measure vibration when driving through a vibration sensor installed on the unsprung part of the vehicle along the axes of the four wheels; at the stage of certification of the roads, before commissioning, creating a master base parameters of flatness of the road surface by continuous recording of the amplitude of vibration actions irregularities of the road surface with reference to the place of measurement of the satellite positioning system; measurement data recorded on the hard disk of the computer; during operation of the road diagnostics of the condition of the road surface, recording the amplitude of vibration actions irregularities of the road surface also with reference to the place of measurement of the satellite positioning system; measurements of the amplitudes of vibration actions audit records are compared with the corresponding elements of the measurement of the amplitudes of vibration actions available in the reference database parameters of flatness of the road surface, on the same point of the track, and correct the measured amplitude of vibration control write with regard to comparing the value of speed at the reference recording speed at the control account, respectively, proportionally increasing the amplitude, if the speed of the defect place at the control account was less than the rate of passing in a reference record, and therefore proportionally reducing the amplitude, if the speed of the defect place at the control account was more IC is rosty passing in a reference recording; largest growing difference of the values of the amplitudes of vibration actions reference record measurements and controlling measurement recorded decide to continue operating the road, or the repair of the road surface, or the speed limit on the problematic parts of the road.
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