Unipolar current generator

IPC classes for russian patent Unipolar current generator (RU 2518461):

H02K31/00 - Acyclic motors or generators, i.e. dc machines having a drum or disc armature with continuous current collectors

Another patents in same IPC classes:

Multi-disc unipolar dc electric machine / 2498485

In the suggested unipolar DC machine consisting of stator and rotor divided by air gaps and made as series-connected unipolar machines with disc rotors installed at common rotation shaft according to the invention a fixed magnet system is used as stator; the latter consists of several hollow cylindrical permanent magnets and disc-shaped magnet conductors with protrusions and holes in the centre serve as continuation of poles; butt ends of magnet conductors are located symmetrically at both sides of rotative rotor electric- and magnetic-conducting discs which are series-connected electrically through several electroconductive closed belts, bushings, sprockets and slave rotation shafts; at the ends of two outermost shafts, there are small-sized electroconductive discs which are submerged partially to electroconductive liquids in containers of liquid metal current collectors connected respectively to positive and negative terminal of its electrical lead. The suggested unipolar machine can operate both in motor mode and in generator mode.

Self-excited brushless dc turbine generator / 2416862

There proposed is self-excited brushless DC turbine generator the feature of which is the possibility of self-excitation on magnetic and electromagnetic basis, as well as development of multi-turn series-parallel toroidal slotless winding of armature. At that, electric receivers without rotating parts will successfully operate also on DC, and electric AC receivers with rotating parts will be powered through inverter electronic devices. The proposed electric machine can be used as turbine generator at its being arranged in water flow medium, as well as wind-driven generator at its being arranged in air flow medium. As far as invented acyclic brushless DC machines are manufactured in big quantity, generation procedure of electric energy will change because obtained alternating current with further conversion to direct current with valve devices is expensive more than by two times than obtained DC with its further conversion to AC with inverter devices. As far as acyclic motors are manufactured (invented generators have reversibility), need for alternating current is no more actual. Future belongs to direct current. Mr. M. O. Dolivo-Dobrovolskiy, inventor of three-phase AC system, our compatriot (1861-1919) expressed his opinion on the above.

Dc electric machine / 2410825

Invention relates to the field of electric engineering, in particular, to electromechanical conversion of electric energy, and may be used in electric engineering and electric machine building industry and on transport as electric drive with low-voltage supply. Technical result of the present invention is increased efficiency of DC electric machine by reduction of electric and magnetic losses, simplified current pickup and reduction of cost. Specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in DC electric machine - unipolar with excitation coaxial coil arranged on stator, with cylindrical hollow or disk anchor made of soft magnetic material, according to invention, to remove current from anchor, double-sided hard ring brushes are used from antifriction material of high conductivity, contacting with both side surfaces of peripheral part of anchor, and excitation coil is arranged of wire of ferromagnetic material. Availability of solid ring brushes in the device from antifriction material of high conductivity simplifies brush device, reduces cost of electric machine and makes it possible to eliminate formation of current cords in machine anchor, developing longitudinal components of anchor magnetomotive force and pulsation of magnetic flow, deteriorating conditions of machine operation and reducing its efficiency, and also makes it possible to increase current in machines with disk anchor, to eliminate deformations of anchor and to reduce diamagnetic gap and to eliminate axial loads at machine shaft.

Disk electric machine / 2394340

Proposed disk electric machine comprises inductor and anchor, every of which includes a set of disks, which form common set of electric machine disks, at the same time anchor disks are made of non-magnetic dielectric material and contain magnetic elements that create magnetic flow of anchor, and disks of inductor are made of non-magnet material, and comprises magnetic elements, which create magnetic flow of inductor, besides magnetic elements are located in each disk radially at identical angle, and to each other so that axis of electric machine rotation is parallel to vector of magnetisation of each magnetic element, and directions of magnetisation vectors of two near magnetic elements arranged on a single disk are opposite, besides number of magnetic element in each disk is identical and even. Also electric machine comprises closers of magnetic flow, which are arranged in the form of solid disks from soft magnetic material and are located on sides of common disks set. According to invention, magnetic elements of inductor are made of permanent magnets, magnetic elements of anchor disk are arranged in the form of wave winding with working sections arranged mostly radially in zone of location of magnetic elements of inductor and closed between each other with front sections.

Direct current motor / 2393616

Electric motor includes stator with power winding consisting of two parts connected opposite in sequence and separated by neutral zones. Anchor shaft carries excitation windings, with each winding made in the form of double-pole coil with core with rectangular cross-section and connected to contact rings mounted on the shaft. Rings are connected to direct current network over collector brushes.

Commutator-free dc motor / 2391761

Motor includes rotor and stator made in the form of cylindrical magnetic conductor inside which there are two sections, each consisting of several annular magnetic conductors; in the first section there fixed is the first fin-and-cylindrical electrical conductor, and in the second section - the second fin-and-cylindrical electrical conductor, which are made from copper foil. Internal ends of the first and the second fin-and-cylindrical magnetic conductors are electrically connected to internal copper annular electrodes. And their external ends - to external copper annular electrodes. Rotor is made in the form of fin-and-cylindrical electromagnet, the annular fins of which enter the slots of the first and the second electrical conductors. In the middle rotor part there arranged is polarising coil one end of which is connected to electrode of the first electrical conductor, and the other one - to external electrode of the second electrical conductor. Besides instead of electromagnet, constant magnet with high value of coercitive force can be used in rotor.

Training instrument "faraday's unipolar machine" / 2371829

Proposed instrument comprises vertically oriented permanent magnet, galvanometre, connected to centrifugal machine housing and sliding contact. Permanent magnet represents cylindrical combined magnet consisting of two identical ferrite ring-like magnets and bearing iron disk arranged there between, the disk edge extending beyond side surface. Aforesaid bearing disk is fitted on shaft made from non-magnetic material and having its shank to be fitted into centrifugal machine chuck. Sliding contact contacts aforesaid extending side edge of bearing iron dick.

/ 2334344

/ 2302070

/ 2280941

/ 2302070

/ 2334344

Training instrument "faraday's unipolar machine" / 2371829

Commutator-free dc motor / 2391761

Direct current motor / 2393616

Disk electric machine / 2394340

Dc electric machine / 2410825

Self-excited brushless dc turbine generator / 2416862

Multi-disc unipolar dc electric machine / 2498485

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of electric engineering, in particular, to electric machines. The suggested unipolar current generator may be used as an industrial direct- or alternating-current generator and in other applications as well. The essence lies in that a grid-type disc of metal plates (disc sectors) is used as a rotor rotating in a perpendicular magnet field, the metal plates are divided by dielectric layers with slider contacts at the axis of disc rotation, and poles of the rotating permanent or alternating magnet field are used as a stator.

EFFECT: receipt of higher EMF at the same rotor diameter of the unipolar generator and simultaneous increase of the generator reliability.

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The essence of the invention, the Essence of the invention lies in the fact that as rotating in a perpendicular magnetic field of the rotor is used the dial of a thin metal disk sectors(plates)separated by a thin dielectric spacers, with sliding contacts on the axis of rotation of the disk and the stator are used pole rotating DC or AC magnetic field.

Description of invention: the Invention relates to the field of generators and converters of electrical energy and can be used as a generator of electric power of AC or DC in industry and in other applications. The prototype is unipolar generators/motors. [1]

Figure 1 and figure 2 diagram of the unipolar current generator with two poles, figure 3 and figure 4 diagram of the unipolar current generator with six poles: 1 - metal plate(disk sector) of the rotor of the generator; 2 - rotating with angular velocity w of the rotor; 3 - drive rotation of the rotor (2); 4 - pole, rotating with angular velocity W of the magnetic field; 5 drives the rotation of the poles (4); 6 - sliding contacts; 7 - insulating gaskets between the plates (1) of dielectric material; 8 - radial connection plates (1); 9 - forward and reverse wire of the output of the current perimeter of the rotor (2); B - direction of the magnetic induction vector p is Lysov (4); W - direction rotation of the magnetic field of the poles (4); w - the direction of rotation of the rotor (2); D - diameter of the rotating plate (1); d - diameter of the rotating poles (4); E is the direction of the EMF (potential difference/voltage) on the plates (1); I is the direction of the current around the perimeter of the rotor (2); in the wires (9) and the load; +Q and-Q is the charge on the plates (1) rotor (2); R_load- external plug load; N and S - magnetic poles of the permanent magnetic field.

The principle of operation of the homopolar generator current, based on the well-known principle of operation of the unipolar generators, namely, that in Windows Explorer crossing the line perpendicular to a constant magnetic field occurs EMF designed according to the "left-hand rule". Plate (1) cross the line perpendicular to a constant magnetic field of the poles (4)and under the action of the Lorentz force F_l=e(B×V) is generated EMF (potential difference) E directed diametrically between opposite poles (4). Under the influence of EMF in the plates (1) there is a separation of charges +Q and-Q, so that diametrically spaced poles (4) accumulate charges of opposite polarity. The amount of charges +Q and-Q is determined by the electrical capacity of the plates (1), i.e. the capacitance of the capacitor formed diametrically opposite parts of the plates (1) and capacity with other plates (1 pole (4). During rotation of the rotor (2) with angular velocity w, the charges +Q and-Q will remain in place at its poles (4), and means on the perimeter of the rotor (2) will have the total current I from rotating with the rotor (2) charges +Q (areas with a shortage of electrons) and moving towards the rotor (2) charges-Q (electrons). Through sliding contacts (6) on the axis of rotation of the rotor (2) the current I is removed from the perimeter of the rotor (2), goes to the load and back to the perimeter of the rotor (2). Since forward and reverse wire pickup current I from the perimeter of the rotor (2) is symmetric with respect to EMF in the conductors in the rotor (2)and in the external load circuit, the total voltage in the forward and reverse wire is equal to zero and does not affect the current I.

The metal plate (1) rotor (2) can be made of any metal or alloy of metals. The shape of the plates (1) may be either in the form of plates, bars, rods, sectors of a circle, etc. To increase the capacity of the plates (1) and, respectively, of charges +Q, -Q and current I, it is necessary to increase their area (increase of the diameter D of the rotor (2)), to increase the number of plates (1) creating an artificial rotor (2) from a large number of identical thin (microns) plates (1)connected in parallel only on the radial edges of the sectors of the disk, as well as to use insulating spacers between the plates (1) thin material with a large coefficient relates the school dielectric permittivity ε=100÷10000. Number plates (1) (disk sectors) which has a rotor (2) is equal to the number of poles (4) or more. The rotation of the rotor (2) with angular speed w is a rotation drive (3).

The direction of the magnetic induction In the rotating poles (4) collinear for all poles (4), and the rotation is counter W as to diametrically spaced poles (4)and the adjacent poles of (4) around the perimeter of the rotor (2). Due to this configuration is achieved by the alternation of charges +Q and-Q on the perimeter of the rotor (2). Diametrically EMF generated by a pair of diametrically opposite poles (4), is equal to E=BW(D+d/2)²/2, where B is the value of magnetic induction of each pole (4), W is the frequency of rotation of the poles (4), D is the diameter of the rotor (2), d is the diameter of the pole (4), because D>>d, to simplify further calculations we will take the value of the EMF is equal to E=BWD²/2. The total charge generated EMF is equal to Q=nEC=nCBWD²/4, where n is the number of poles (4), C is the mutual capacitance between poles (4). The current perimeter of the rotor (2) is equal to I=Q/t=wQ=wnCBWD²/4, where w is the rotational speed of the rotor (2). Prerequisite health homopolar generator current is Wd>wD, i.e. the linear speed of rotation of the poles (4) is greater than the linear speed of rotation of the rotor (2). Pole (4) a rotating magnetic field can be in the form of rotating with angular speed W of the permanent magnet is in, which causes the rotation of the actuator (5), either in the form of rotating with angular speed W of the coils, which causes the rotation of the actuator (5), or stationary windings with a magnetic core inside, which creates a rotating DC or AC magnetic field from an external power source. No. of poles (4) can be 2, 6, 10 or more under the conditions that the EMF generated in the rotor (2) diametrically spaced poles (4) collinear, and the adjacent pole (2) (perimeter) create a rotation diametrically polarity EMF in the rotor (2).

Output power in a unipolar generator current will be determined by the current I through the load R_loadand is conventionally equal to P=I²R_load=(wQ)²R_load=(wnEC)²R_load=(wnCBWD²/4)²R_loadsince the capacity C=εε₀S/x depends on the diameter D (area proportional to the square of the diameter D S=πD²/4, and the distance x between sectors of the rotor (2) is directly proportional to the diameter (D), we can write the capacity as C=kD, where the coefficient of capacitance between sectors of the rotor (2) k=εε₀π/4m, D is the diameter of the rotor (2), m is the ratio of the distance x between sectors of the rotor (2), then the output power in a unipolar generator current will be equal to P=(wnkBWD³/4)²R_load=(wnkBW/4)²D⁶R_loadi.e. the output power is here directly proportional to the sixth power of the diameter D of the rotor (2), the square of the rotation speed w of the rotor (2) and W poles (4), the square of the number n of poles (4) and the magnetic induction B of each pole (4) and the square of the ratio of capacity to between sectors of the rotor (2).

The advantage of the unipolar generator current compared to standard unipolar generators [1] is that the sliding contacts (6) are located on the axis of rotation of the rotor (2), have a low linear speed and easy to make, even for large output capacities homopolar generator. Another advantage of the unipolar generator current compared to standard unipolar generators [1] is the possibility of obtaining a higher EMF with the same diameter D of the rotor (2). So for a standard unipolar generator disk type EMF is equal to E=BWR²/2=BWD²/8, and for unipolar generator current diametrically EMF is E=BW(D+d/2)²/2, i.e. at least 4 times. Another disadvantage of the standard unipolar generators [1] is the restriction associated with the strength of the material of the disk, increasing the diameter D of the disk and its speed is only possible to the limits of material strength of the disk, since the linear speed of rotation V=WR on the perimeter of the disk may exceed the strength of the material of the disk and cause its destruction. In the unipolar current generator this problem p is Shen, that rotation with a large angular velocity W is carried out by the poles (4) small diameter d<<D and the tensile strength of the material of the poles is achieved at much greater speeds W as the linear speed of rotation of the poles V=Wd/2<<WD/2, and the rotor disc (2), in which the induced EMF is rotated with a small angular velocity w<<W, it is possible to use a drive larger diameter D of the rotor (2) to achieve the ultimate strength of the material of the rotor (2), since V=wD/2. Accordingly, the voltage in the unipolar generator current can on orders greater than EF in comparison with a standard unipolar generators [1].

Links:

[1] - L.A. Sukhanov, Electric unipolar machines, VNIIM, Moscow, 1964

Unipolar current generator consisting of a rotating rotor and a stationary stator, characterized in that as rotating in a perpendicular magnetic field of the rotor is used the dial of the metal plates (disk sectors)separated by dielectric spacers, with sliding contacts on the axis of rotation of the disk, and as the fixed stator used pole rotating DC or AC magnetic field; number of sectors of the disk rotor is equal to the number of stator poles or more; pole stator rotating magnetic field can be created by rotating the permanent MAG what it or rotating electromagnets or stationary windings with a magnetic core inside, which creates a rotating DC or AC magnetic field; the number of rotating poles can be 2 or more under the conditions that the direction of the electromotive force generated in the rotor (disk) diametrically spaced poles, collinear, and the adjacent pole (on the perimeter) create a rotation direction diametrically of the polarity of the EMF in the rotor.