Composite structure avalanche breaker. RU patent 2513305.
 Method to reduce dynamic effects of volcano at environment during its eruption / 2509852Method to reduce dynamic effects of a volcano at environment during its eruption includes creation of a loosening area, a filtration plant and a channel of magma drain by means of pinpoint blasting, at the same time an aerodynamic pipe is created around the crater from polymer film with hoops in the form of stiffening ribs, which by means of polymer ropes laid along its walls is raised at proper height with the help of balloons or aerostats. Inside the aerodynamic pipe there is a filtration plant that consists of electrified grills and meshes from coal plastic. At the same time for development of additional underpressure in the aerodynamic pipe, in its lower part there is a drum with blades, which rotates under action of horizontal air flows, and a windwheel is suspended on ropes with a power generator in the head of the aerodynamic pipe. |
 Method to reduce dynamic exposure of volcano at environment during its eruption / 2495185Tent-like structure with stiffening ribs (9) in the form of metal rods is installed to the necessary height with the help of air balloons (1) or airships. Nozzles (11) are built into rims of stiffening ribs (9) for supply and spray of aqueous solutions. In the lower part of the pipe there is a grid (12) to reduce dispersion of stones. In the middle part of the pipe there is a foam sprayer (22), which cleans air flow from dust. In the upper part of the pipe there is a system of electrified metal grids (8) for cleaning of air flow from dispersed dust particles. |
 Device initiating avalanching / 2486462Device (2) initiating avalanching, comprising at least one chamber (4) for gas explosive mixture with downward-facing aperture (6) which is provided with gas supply means (15, 16) providing at least partial filling of the volume limited by the chamber (4) with the gas explosive mixture with a density less than the density of air. The device additionally comprises the ignition means (14) of this mixture. The chamber (4) has generally a shape of a bell or a truncated cone with a substantially vertical axis, and the ignition means (14) are arranged at the edge (7) of the chamber (4), opposite the aperture (6). |
 Method to collapse snow eaves on avalanche-prone slopes / 2482242According to the method, before collapse of snow eaves on avalanche-prone slopes by means of cutting of their cantilever part, according to preliminary results of observations carried out in winter period, eave-dangerous sections are detected on a ridge. In summer period on the ridge of every eave-dangerous section, near the ridge line on the windward area of the slope, a permanent scaling benchmark is installed, with the help of which then after every snowstorm the length of the cantilever part of the snow eave is measured. When the size of this part of the snow eave achieves the permissible limit value for this part of the ridge, the action is taken against the snow eave, and it is collapsed. When detecting length of the cantilever part of the snow eave, digital video filming or photomapping of the scaling benchmark is carried out on the background of the snow eave, and by ratio of their dimensions the sought for size of the cantilever part of the snow eave is determined. The permanent scaling benchmark is made in the form of a stand solidly mounted into rock soil on the top of the range, and a cantilever size ruler fixed to the stand, equipped with an appropriate measurement scale and directed towards the windward area of the slope. The stand to the level of the cantilever size ruler is also equipped with an appropriate scale for measurement of snow height directly on the range ridge. |
 Method to forecast start of spontaneous collapse of snow eaves on avalanche-prone slopes / 2482241Method to forecast start of spontaneous collapse of snow eaves on avalanche-prone slopes by means of their visual inspection and detection of length of its cantilever part. Previously above an avalanche-prone site, on an eave-dangerous area, a ridge line is identified and marked with landmarks, and on the windward part of the slope at the distance of 3-10 m below the ridge line, there are safety anchors driven into soil. Then after each snowstorm, having attached themselves through a safety belt to safety anchors, they inspect and measure length of snow eave cantilever with the help of a weight and a reepschnur, for this purpose the weight fixed to the end of the rope is thrown over the edge of the eave, and then pulled to the edge of the eave. Afterwards a point of expected crossing with the ridge line is marked on the reepschnur, and the length of rope is measured in the section between this mark and the weight, then, comparing thus measured length of cantilever part of the snow eave with its permissible limit value for this slope, they forecast the start of spontaneous collapse of snow eave. Installation of landmarks and safety anchors on the ridge primarily takes place in summer period. |
 Method to reduce dynamic exposure of volcano at environment during its eruption / 2463405Loosening area is developed, as well as a channel of magma discharge by the method of pin-point explosion. Inside the volcano crater an aerodynamic pipe is erected from a polymer film with hoops in the form of stiffening ribs. Inside the aerodynamic pipe a filtration plant is installed, comprising electrified grids and lattices from coal plastic. In the aerodynamic pipe collar a windwheel is installed perpendicularly to an air flow formed by atmospheric pressure difference due to height difference at pipe ends. The aerodynamic pipe by polymer ropes laid along its walls is raised to the proper height by means of air balloons or aerostats. |
 Method to reduce dynamic exposure of environment to volcano as it erupts / 2462551Loosening area and a channel of magma discharge are created by a method of direct blasting. A wind channel is erected near a volcano crater from a polymer film with hoops as stiffening ribs. A filtration plant comprising electrified grids and nets from coal plastic is arranged inside the pipe. The wind channel, using polymer ropes laid along its walls, is lifted to the required height with the help of balloons or aerostats. |
 Method to cause triggering of snow avalanches / 2458201Method to cause triggering of snow avalanches by acoustic impact developed as an aircraft flies by with a supersonic speed in the area where the previously selected target is located, includes pilot's observation and aiming via an indicator's sight on a windshield at an underlying earth surface. Using a plane flight trajectory calculator, a rated flight trajectory is built using a log spiral. To focus a sound impact above an area of the selected target, aircraft motion is maintained along the flight trajectory with the accuracy of up to 1-2 m relatively to the rated trajectory of the spiral sharp turn. Before avalanching was caused, a spatial structure of an N-shaped pressure wave is generated. Each area of a snow avalanche is first loaded with a positive wave pulse, and then with a negative pulse, in turns during the time equal to the period of N-shaped pressure wave. |
 Method to erect antiavalanche structure of combined design / 2449076Antiavalanche structure made in the form of a springboard-tray on vertical bearing supports, the springboard is made with periodical profile with a convexo-convex surface separated in the middle with a rigid rib into two symmetrical halves, and in the end part the springboard along the entire length is smoothly turned upwards, where at a certain distance from each other longitudinal baffles are arranged with an expansion angle of 15-30° from the line of the rib rigidity and having a reverse inclination on top. A curvilinear site of the springboard is made of metal boards coated with a polymer composite material on top, and round contour is given to the end part of the springboard in plan. |
 Avalanche baffle device / 2439242Avalanche baffle device consists of a metal arc gallery and a metal frame of triangular shape fixed with the help of metal rods on a rock massif. On the frame there is a ceiling roof of metal sheets, besides, the inclination of the ceiling roof complies with the inclination of the rock massif. The metal sheets of the ceiling roof are made corrugated, besides, the direction of corrugations matches the direction of the rock massif inclination. Frame elements are made of rectilinear parts. |
 Avalanching initiation method and device / 2284389Method involves laying perforated hose and electric cable in territory characterized by high avalanche risk on rock surface before snowfall period starting, wherein the hose is adapted to supply explosive gas; leading out hose and electric cable ends into safe zone; supplying gaseous mixture in avalanching territory by pumping thereof under snow blanket from hose through perforated orifices so that gas-saturated zones are created; blasting gaseous mixture with the use of electric cable. Device for above method realization involves flexible hose to be connected to gas source, for instance with gas generator, and provided with perforated orifices punched in hose wall. Device also has electric cable fastened to outer hose surface and comprising electric igniters located in perforated zone of the hose. |
| Avalanching initiation method / 2287041 Method involves installing vessel on slope in avalanche hazardous areas before snowfall period; fastening thereof to slope; connecting the vessel with hose and conductor cable; locating hose and cable ends in safe locality. If avalanche hazard occurs the vessel is filled with gaseous explosive mixture via hose laid under snow blanket and the explosive mixture is blasted. |
 Shielding device to protect against landslip / 2304657Device comprises vertical and horizontal supports and screen composed of separate rigid members. Each member is connected with horizontal support by means of flexible suspension means. The screen is formed of sleepers connected with each other by resilient tie members. Horizontal support is made as fixed girder. Vertical supports are provided with fixed inclines posts. Netting is fastened to the inclined posts. |
 Mudflow protective structure / 2317368Mudflow protective structure comprises upper mud-holding tank arranged at mudflow outlet over objects, which cross mudflow path and defined by protective dam. The structure also has lower accumulation tank and mudflow conduit to permit mudflow passage from mud-holding tank into accumulation one. Longitudinal ridge-like mudflow partitions are arranged inside mud-holding tank. The partitions converge towards mudflow path outlet. Trenches converging in mudflow direction are created between partitions and are arranged on each side of extreme ones. Mudflow conduit is made as excavation system including vertical ones. Each vertical excavation has mudflow inlet orifice provided with grid-like metal structure and located in converged end of corresponding trench. Underground inclined mudflow guiding excavations include main one communicated with lower end of one vertical excavation and arranged under objects to be protected. The main inclined mudflow guiding excavation is opened in slope over accumulation tank. Each of other underground inclined mudflow guiding excavations, namely side ones, is connected to lower end of corresponding vertical excavation. The underground inclined mudflow guiding excavations and communicated with main mudflow excavation and with underground inspection and control one connected with one mudflow excavation and opened in slope surface. All mudflow excavations have inclinations providing transport velocity of solid material entrained by mudflow. Each excavation has at least one safety recess formed in side wall thereof. |
 Protecting device of mountain path against snow breaks and rock slides / 2369684Invention refers to road construction industry and namely to devices protecting against snow breaks, rock slides, and snow and rock falls. Protecting device of mountain path against snow breaks and rock slides is made on inclined sections of the mountain slope in the form of trays as per the form of ski jumping board. Trays are movable and provided with the possibility of changing angle of slope and installed on inclined sections of the slope on hydraulic jacks connected to hydraulic unit that is remote controlled through communication channel, or as tray bases, there used are natural structures on the mountain slope contour by giving to them the sliding properties owing to ice freezing and by applying antiadhesion coating with low friction coefficient and low adhesion to snow and stone particles. |
 Protective net, in particular for protection against fall or for slope reinforcement and method of its manufacturing / 2376097Invention is related to protective nets, intended for reinforcement of slope against fall, and to methods of their manufacturing. Net is made with diagonal plaiting and is woven of twisted wire strands bent in the shape of spirals, armature bundles or cords, which comprises two or more wires or twisted wire strands of steel. Method for manufacturing of protective net consists in the fact that twisted wire strand, cord or armature bundle is fed with a certain angle of lift at least to one bending mandrel of device and is bent at a certain length around bending mandrel approximately by 180°, then repeatedly moved along their longitudinal axis to bending mandrel at a certain length, bent accordingly around bending mandrel by 180° until this twisted wire strand, cord or armature bundle does not achieve shape of spiral, besides wire strand bent in the form of spiral, cord or armature bundle are woven together with the second twisted wire strand, cord or armature bundle bent in the form of spiral, and this is repeated until net is made with diagonal plaiting of desired value. |
 Avalanche brake structure / 2431715Avalanche brake structure comprises a support frame, a suppressing screen fixed on the frame. On the support frame there is a grill made with the possibility to let a portion of a snow flow through down the slope. The suppressing screen consists of two avalanche flow scatterers - the left and the right one, connected by means of a stiffening rib, and having contours of hyperbolic concave curves in plan along with the direction of avalanche flow, and contours of parabolic concave curves in vertical plane along with avalanche flow direction. At the edges of flow scatterers and in area of their connection, to split the avalanche flow, there are support stands-scatterers installed to connect scatterer visors and the support frame. |
 Avalanche-breaker of biopositive design / 2432429Avalanche-breaker made of descending walls, which form a sharp angle on the top, is arranged with flexible and biopositive design, avalanche-breaker walls are made of gabion and soil mats laid in reinforcement latticed frames of prefabricated design. Vertical stands of latticed frames are made of metal shaped bars or double-tees anchored in a reinforced concrete base arranged along the whole length of head walls. Above the avalanche-breaker walls there are metal latticed structures made of vertical grids, triangular cantilever protruding bars and straining rods, at the same time all these latticed structures are rigidly fixed to the vertical stands and transversal rods of metal frames. The avalanche-breaker has a triangle shape with the angle of 80-90 degrees, on top along side walls of the avalanche-breaker the metal latticed structures are arranged at the distance of the frame section length from each other, and at the same time both ends of the cord are fixed to anchors with adjustable tightening devices arranged in front of the avalanche-breaker top. Some mats arranged inside the metal frame closer to external walls and on top of the avalanche-breaker are made of geogrid and a fertile vegetable soil with addition of seeds of permanent grasses and bushes, and the inner part between side walls of the triangular avalanche-breaker are filled with local and vegetable soil with planting of trees and bushes. The proposed design of the avalanche-breaker provides for suppression of excessive energy of avalanche flow and impact force dispersal over a larger area, thus reliability of structures operation increases. |
 Method for erection of avalanche-breakers of biopositive design / 2432430In the method of avalanche-breaker erection of biopositive design, avalanche-breakers of flexible and biopositive design are arranged. Each avalanche-breaker is built in the following order - at first a reinforced concrete base is made with installation of anchors along the line of external walls, vertical stands of metal latticed frame are rigidly fixed to the anchors. Inside the frame a gabion net is mounted with attachment to lattice rods, then layers are filled with stone and soil materials, and in each layer gabion mats are made to the top of the frame. At the outer side the vertical stands of latticed frames are made of metal shaped bars or double tees, according to this technology, side walls of the avalanche breaker are erected along areas and in 4-5 sections at a time. At the same time the top of avalanche-breaker walls from the top of angle at both sides is made with inclination. And on top of avalanche-breaker walls, metal latticed structures are installed, which consist of vertical lattices, triangular cantilever protruding bars and straining rods. At the same time all these latticed structures are tightly fixed to the vertical stands and cross rods of metal frames. Avalanche-breakers are made according to the triangle shape with the angle of 80-90 degrees on top, metal latticed structures on top and along side walls of the avalanche-breaker the metal latticed structures are arranged at the distance of the frame section length from each other. Above lattices a tight metal cord is pulled through holes made in vertical stands as passing along the whole length of a triangular avalanche-breaker with free movement towards both sides, at the same time both ends of the cord are fixed to anchors with adjustable tightening devices arranged in front of the avalanche-breaker top. Some mats arranged inside the metal frame closer to external walls and on top of the avalanche-breaker are made of geogrid and a fertile vegetable soil with addition of seeds of permanent grasses and bushes, and the inner part between side walls of the triangular avalanche-breaker are filled with local and vegetable soil with planting of trees and bushes. |
 Method to erect avalanche baffle dam of biopositive design / 2434095In the method to erect an avalanche baffle dam of biopositive design, flexible latticed structures are installed at the distance from each other at the crest, which are made of metal sections of various types to form rectangular cells. At the same time vertical stands of lattices and their counterfort beams are tightly attached to anchors, installed in a reinforced concrete fixture of an upper slope and the crest. And above the metal lattices a tight metal rope is pulled through holes made in vertical stands with free travel to both sides. Then the rope in two points in the beginning of the dam and at the top of the rotation angle at both left and right sides of the dam is fixed to anchors with adjustment tightening devices installed opposite to the discharge side of the dam. Each side of the dam has its separate system of rope tensioning. The dam route in plan is made with an angle of rotation opposite to the dominant direction of the avalanche, the crest from the top of the angle of rotation to both sides is arranged with a slope. At the lower slope of the dam, fertile vegetable soil is laid in parallel strips and with sodding into a dam body, where trees and bushes are planted in rows with a developed root system. |
FIELD: process engineering.
SUBSTANCE: proposed structure consists of converging walls making an acute angle at vertex and features flexible and combine design. It is made up of triangular soil embankment with side slopes. The latter are secured by gabion revetments over the entire length of breaker to bed. Reinforced concrete girder frame is arranged above said gabion revetments laid from breaker top to both sides. Said girder frame is made on bed boards and top boards interconnected by grillage arranged in slope line at define spacing. Channel or other metal section is laid on its rib in the line of breaker angle vortex to bed board and built in on both side the concrete to three fourth of its height. Metal girder frames composed by vertical grates and buttress rods rigidly secured to anchors are laid above the ridge reinforced concrete boards. Avalanche breaker is shaped to triangle with vortex angle of 80-90 degrees. Note here that reinforced concrete girder frame arranged above said gabion revetments features length making at least two thirds of slope sidewalls of the structure. Propose breakers can be efficiently used at the most dangerous zones of upland infrastructures.
EFFECT: higher efficiency and reliability.
2 cl, 3 dwg
The invention relates to the hydraulic engineering and environmental construction, namely to the avalanche structure used on avalanche roads, settlements and other objects of mining infrastructure.
Known Labanoras consisting of coming down concrete walls with the formation of an acute angle at the top of [1]. The main disadvantages of this technical solution is the low efficiency under conditions of gathering powerful avalanches 3 and 4 sizes, as well as weak overgrowing and neopositivist design.
Known levinthross facilities (lavinerz) lattice structures, located on the slopes of [2]. The disadvantages of these structures are rigidity, low efficiency and reliability.
The purpose of the invention is increasing the efficiency and reliability of the construction.
Specified the aim is achieved by the fact that Labanoras consisting of coming down the walls forming an acute angle at the top, made of flexible and combined structure consisting of dirt fill the triangular form with side slopes, which reinforced the gabion mattresses along their entire length from the top to the base lawyerese, top, gabion mattresses from the top corner of lawyerese in both parties provided concrete slatted frame made of Foundation and riding plates, connected by a Foundation, set up by the line slopes at a certain distance from each other, while on the line the vertex of the angle of lawyerese from crest to a base plate laid on edge channel or other metal profile, zamonolichivanie from two sides by concrete and 3/4 of the height. And riding plate frame along the line of the ridge from the vertex of angle in both sides of lawyerese have slopes, and on top of the plates are provided the metal lattice structure consists of a vertical grids and buttress rods, however racks of lattices and their buttress the studs firmly attached to anchors in concrete slabs of the ridge. Labanoras has the form of a triangle with the angle at the top of 80-90°, with reinforced concrete slatted frame laid on the slopes above gabion mattresses from the top in both sides of the metal structures at the top of the ridge, has a length within 2/3 of the length of the side slope of the walls of the buildings.
Figure 1 shows a plan of lawyerese triangular shape; figure 2 shows a cross-section on the top corner of lawyerese; figure 3 shows the cross-section with a metal lattice structures upstairs in a perspective view.
Labanoras a combined structure consists of dirt fill 1 with the side slopes 2, gabion mattresses 3, laid along the length of the side slopes 2 from the crest to the ground, concrete slatted frame 4, laid on top of gabion mattresses 3 from the top of lawyerese in both directions. Reinforced concrete frame 4 is made of Foundation plates 5 and riding plates 6 of the ridge, interconnected grids 7 after a certain distance. In this line the top of lawyerese from crest to a base plate 5 laid on edge metal channel 8 or rectangular pipe with flooding in reinforced concrete (up to 4/5 part). From the top of lawyerese in both sides from the top of the ridge is arranged in a metal lattice structure 9 consisting of vertical grids 10 and buttress rods 11. Vertical racks lattices 10 and buttress their rods 11 rigidly attached to anchors 12, arranged in reinforced concrete plates 6. Reinforced concrete frame 4 is provided within the head section lawyerese, where the greatest impact of avalanches. And this part is 2/3 the length of the side slope of the walls from top to both sides of the structure.
Labanoras a combined structure is constructed as follows. At the beginning of the planned location of triangular buildings, the vertex of the angle of lawyerese and cross-lateral slope walls considering the mainstream of avalanches. It falls from the local soil embankment 1 lawyerese with the layout of the ridge and slopes facilities. In this case the angle of the tops of lawyerese can be accepted in limits from 80 degrees to 90 degrees depending on natural conditions and characteristics of the avalanche. Then stacked and mounted gabion mattresses 3 along the length of the side slopes from the line of Foundation horse concrete slabs 6 crest to the base of the slopes taking into account the slope of their tracks. Gabion mattresses are mounted cards with a length of 8-10 m Then are developed under the Foundation trench plates 5, mounted formwork and armature skeletons, are filled by monolithic concrete desired brand. Once on top of the ridge are developed trenches horse plate 6, installed formwork, reinforcement frames and embedded parts 12 in the appropriate places are filled by monolithic concrete up to the level of the ridge taking into account the slope at either side of the top of the building. However, the Foundation 5 and riding 6 plates left in the appropriate places reinforcing releases for bundles with them grillage 7 reinforced concrete frame 4. After a set of durability of concrete understand shuttering Foundation and riding plates, and immediately arranged new formwork top gabion mattresses 3 to grillage 7 installing the mesh. At the same time, the line of peaks of lawyerese (the entire length from the top to the base) is set on the edge of a metal profile (channel, rectangular pipe or tee) with an attachment to re-editions of ferro-concrete plates 5 and 6. Then, starting from the top of lawyerese, poured concrete all formwork grillage 7 top. And metal profile 8 zamonolichivanie to the level 3/4 height. After a set of durability of concrete formwork grillage understand. Instead of wooden formwork can be used metal rectangular pipes that will remain in the concrete flooded up to 3/4 of their height. The optimal distance between grids of the reinforced concrete frame is in the range of 2-3 m
The slope of the line of the ridge (upland plates 6) lawyerese from the vertex of angle in both sides can change in wide limits-from 0,05 to 0,2 depending on the inclination of the earth's surface.
The angle at the top of lawyerese should not be less than 80 degrees. And more than 90 degrees, as in this case, the reduced efficiency of the structures and increased material costs.
Labanoras combined design works in the following way.
By the gathering of the powerful avalanches basic hydrodynamic load flow takes the corner of metal profile 8) reinforced concrete frame 4 with a metal lattice structures 9 lawyerese. The stream avalanche striking the top of lawyerese, is divided into two parts, one part goes along the left side, the other part - along the right side, while providing intensive dynamic effect from both sides on a reinforced concrete frame 4, metal lattice structure 9 and gabion mattresses 3. Airbags with high pressure, which was formed before the head part of the avalanche, quickly seeping through the lattice design and disperse with spraying and the emergence of snow clouds. Resulting in active interaction flexible lattice structures 9 with the flow, avalanches, there is a partial redistribution of loads avalanches along the length of slopes is 2. Free spreading and interaction of the parts of avalanches contributes to the presence of gradients of passage top plates 6 and lattices 9 from the vertex of angle in both directions. In addition, part of the dynamic loads avalanche perceives and internal ground part of the embankment 1. Powerful avalanche, passing through such a design lawyerese, loses its striking force, and the width of the front of the avalanche increases. For more powerful avalanches are advised to take a few lavington (two, three and more) and place them in a checkerboard pattern. In this case, even a very powerful avalanche, passing through a group of lavington, completely loses its dynamic structure and impact force. The size of lavington, their number and the distance between them is determined by the dynamic, kinematic characteristics of avalanches and local conditions. The total width of the band of lavington should be not less than the width of the front of the most powerful possible (settlement) of avalanche. The biggest height of lawyerese altitude metal lattice structures 9 in the top corner when his single location should not be less than (1/4-1/5)T calculation of the thickness of the most powerful avalanches. And for group location lavington (in two or more series) - within (1/5-1/8)T.
The number of lavington, the maximum and minimum height of the walls, height of metal lattice structures and other parameters should be taken of the conditions for ensuring reliability of structures by the gathering of the maximum possible quantities powerful avalanches during the winter period.
Green ridge slopes and facilities with the planting of trees and shrubs helps to restore the natural environment, makes lavinerz in grade, biodegradable facilities.
1. Labanoras consisting of coming down the walls forming an acute angle at the top, wherein is made Labanoras flexible and combined structure consisting of dirt fill the triangular form with side slopes, which reinforced the gabion mattresses all over them the length from the top to the base of lawyerese, top, gabion mattresses from the top corner of lawyerese in both parties provided concrete slatted frame made of Foundation and riding plates, connected by a Foundation, set up by the line slopes at a certain distance from each other, while on the line vertex of the angle of lawyerese from crest to a base plate laid on edge channel or other metal profile, zamonolichivanie from two sides by concrete three-quarters before his height and riding plate frame along the line of the ridge from the vertex of angle in both sides of lawyerese have slopes and top plates provided by the metal lattice structure consists of a vertical grids and buttress rods, however racks of lattices and their buttress the studs firmly attached to anchors in concrete slabs of the ridge.
2. Labanoras according to claim 1, characterized in that Labanoras has the shape of a triangle with the corner at the top of 80-90°, with reinforced concrete slatted frame laid on the slopes above gabion mattresses from the top in both sides of the metal structures at the top of the ridge, has a length within 2/3 of the length of the side slope of the walls of the buildings.