Transformerless voltage converter. RU patent 2513185.
 Pulsed dc voltage controller / 2505913Pulsed dc voltage controller comprises series-connected first diode, controlled switch, filter inductance and load, two zero-diodes and filter capacitors, a microcontroller, a control driver, a feedback circuit and a manual control panel, a synchronisation unit, two inputs of which are connected to second unlike terminals of first diodes, and two outputs are respectively connected to inputs of the control driver and the microcontroller. The filter inductances are made on a common magnetic conductor and are magnetically coupled. The pulsed controller includes two additional capacitors and two second diodes. Each of the filter inductances is made with an additional lead. The leads of the additional capacitors are connected to additional leads of the filter inductances and the common terminal of the alternating current primary supply, respectively, and leads of the second diodes are connected to the additional and output leads of corresponding filter inductances. |
 Transformerless dc power supply source / 2484575Invention may be used as a simple and cost-efficient LV DC power supply connected to AC mains and contains half-wave rectifiers and a LF filter capacitor, two serially connected half-wave circuits consisting of serially connected diodes (first and second) and storage capacitors (first and second) alternatively charged from AC mains from heteropolar AC voltage half-periods; the serially connected storage capacitors are linked to the LF filter capacitor via a HF inductance coil and a power thyristor the control electrode whereof is linked, via an isolation transformer, to the output of the comparator the control pulse whereof is generated at the moment of maximum voltage in the first and second storage capacitors, serially connected. An active load is connected in parallel to the LF filter capacitor. |
 Method to control bidirectional keys in three-phase three-level semiconductor rectifier with capacitance voltage divider / 2473164Rectangular voltage pulses are generated, middles of generated rectangular pulses are synchronised with phase voltages of a supply network by moments of voltages transition via zero, the actual value of the first harmonic of the phase current is measured, the value of the angle δ is calculated according to the expression where: ω - circular frequency of supply grid phase voltage; L - phase inductance of a rectifier; I1 - actual value of the first harmonic of the input phase current; U1 - actual value of phase voltage of the supply grid; U*d - relative mean value of rectifier rectified voltage, generated rectangular pulses are shifted along the phase to the lagging side by the angle δ, and then sent to control inputs of bidirectional keys of a three-phase three-level rectifier. |
 Method to control dependent inverter of single-phase ac current / 2469458Coefficient of inverter capacity in average makes 0.725. The method of control of a dependent inverter of a single-phase AC current consists in supply of control pulses at each zone of control into appropriate half-waves of grid voltage with an adjustable angle βadj and a non-controlled angle β to controlled valves of cathode and anode groups of the bridge at appropriate time intervals in the same sequence, which is specified in the invention formula. |
 Converter of ac voltage into dc voltage / 2460202Invention comprises a three-phase transformer with a secondary winding separated into n sections, a 3-phase bridge circuit, in which each arm of the bridge is made of 2 groups of m serially connected controlled valves, two additional groups of non-controlled valves are connected to points of connection of these controlled valves into each arm of the bridge, besides, one group of m controlled valves is connected by a cathode of an extreme valve to the beginning of the secondary winding of the transformer, and with an anode of another extreme valve of the group - to one end of the load, the second group of controlled valves is connected with an anode of an extreme valve to the beginning of the secondary winding of one phase of the transformer, and with a cathode - to the second end of the load, at the same time between anodes of serially connected controlled valves of the first group and taps of sections of the secondary winding of one phase of the transformer the uncontrolled valves of the first additional group are connected, by cathodes to taps of the secondary winding of the transformer, similarly, between cathodes of controlled valves of the second group and taps of sections of the secondary winding of one transformer phase uncontrolled valves of the second additional group are connected, by anodes to winding taps. |
 Corrector of power ratio / 2457604Proposed power ratio corrector contains a modified power circuit of single-phase alternating to direct voltage converter. The converter power circuit is designed as per the reversed single-phase multilevel voltage inverter. The control system consists of an output voltage sensor, a voltage comparison circuit, a direct output voltage setup device, a voltage regulator, a multiplier device, a current comparison circuit, a current regulator unit, a PWN unit, an input voltage sensor, an input current sensor; the said input voltage and current sensors are placed at the output of the converter power circuit where a serial filtering reactor is additionally introduced; between the input current sensor output and the current comparison circuit input a zero order locating device is placed. |
 Transformerless dc power supply source / 2451384Transformerless DC power supply source comprises two parallel connected half-wave circuits from serially connected diode and accumulating capacitor, operating in turns from positive and negative half-periods of AC network voltage, accumulating capacitors in which are connected with one pole of the filter capacitor via separating diodes, and with the other pole - via thyristors, control electrodes of which are connected to phase and zero conductors of the network, to which half-wave circuits are also connected via stabilitrons of alternate start-up of thyristors. An overvoltage protection stabilitron is connected in parallel to the low pass filter capacitor. Design simplification is related to exclusion of a step-down transformer from the low-voltage DC power supply source connected to the AC network. Accounting of power carried out with the help of an electric counter of active power will only show around 20% from the actually consumed power in the proposed circuit, since the latter is a complex load for an AC circuit with a dominant portion of a reactive component of a capacitance power. |
 Method to reduce post-switching oscillations of voltage at electric locomotive current collector and device for its realisation / 2435288In the method and the device to reduce post-switching voltage oscillations at an electric locomotive current collector and a device for its realisation, control of converter arms is delayed by half-period of internal oscillations of traction circuit voltage. Internal oscillations in a contact circuit are detected via spectral analysis. The spectral analysis of contact circuit voltage is carried out on the basis of microcontrollers, using fast Fourier transformation. The contact circuit voltage via a voltage sensor arrives to the inlet of voltage sensor matching unit from the microcontroller. The microcontroller, using the specified logic, carries out spectral analysis of harmonic oscillations of supply network, extracts a harmonic with highest amplitude and performs calculation of angle of rectifier-inverter converter (RIC) arms connection delay by pulses with ar. phase. Using signals of RIC control unit, control pulses are alternated and distributed along RICs and their arms. The developed adaptive system of various phase control of electric locomotive RIC makes it possible, no matter what is electric locomotive location in the feeder zone (how contact circuit parameters change), to reduce at most those amplitudes that distort voltage of harmonics corresponding to frequencies of these oscillations, which results in reduced coefficient of voltage curve harmonicity distortion, and as a whole, to higher quality of electric energy in a contact circuit. In order to have external characteristic of the converter reduced insignificantly, it is also necessary, same as in a standard method, to alternate deviations of the controlled angle for each section at various half-periods. |
 Load capacity control method and device / 2427878In load capacity control method and device the capacity is controlled with smooth change of input electric resistance of the device with simultaneous conversion of nature of electric input resistance to active constituent part of this resistance. Device includes transformer with sectionalised secondary winding to outputs of which two in-series connected diodes are connected by means of anode and cathode; cathodes of diodes are connected to plus outputs of electric energy accumulators of high capacity, which perform the functions of constant voltage divider, and to electrodes of double-action semiconductor devices. Other electrodes of double-action devices are connected by means of plus bus to load, and anodes of diodes and other output of energy accumulators are connected by means of minus bus to other load output. Uncontrolled part of load capacity is added to controlled part of capacity by means of diodes of rectifier and double-action devices. |
 Ac-to-dc voltage converter (versions) / 2408131Invention may be used in the first version to convert three-phase AC voltage into DC, 6-pulse voltage on two single-phase transformers, secondary windings of which are connected according to bridge circuit of rectification on 4 diodes, and in the second version - the same into DC, 12-pulse voltage. AC-to-DC voltage converter comprises transformer on two magnetic conductors with primary windings, each connected to one terminal to the first terminal of the main dipole, the second terminal of which is connected to phase input terminal, and the free terminal - to directly input terminal of adjacent phase, at least one additional dipole connected by the first terminal to extreme terminal of single primary winding, and by the second terminal - to according terminal of circuit, which comprises another primary winding together with the main dipole, two secondary windings joined into a closed serial circuit, arranged on various magnetic conductors and connected to bridge on four diodes. At the same time each dipole has double-sided conductivity and comprises at least one controlled valve, appropriate dipole comprises auxiliary diodes and is arranged as fully controllable. In the second version converter comprises six thyristor dipoles, to which terminals of the main and additional primary windings of transformer are connected, appropriate dipole comprises auxiliary diodes and is arranged as fully controllable. |
 Converter of three-phase alternating voltage into direct / 2269863The invention is designed for using of the loading of all three phases of the secondary windings of a transformer at forming of rectified voltage during non commutative intervals of time at securing the parallel work of the two phases and connected to them of controlled gated elements for example of thyristors. At that the duration of passing of the plate current through elements remains equal 240 electrical loss on degree. The essence of the mode is that the converter of three-phase alternative voltage into direct has a three-phase transformer, whose secondary phase windings are connected into a star and the gated elements connected with the secondary winding through a triple-wound equalizing reactor fulfilled in the shape of three identical windings located on one magnetic conductor and each secondary phase winding of the three-phase transformer is connected with the medium point of the corresponding winding of the equalizing reactor, whose each winding are linked up with its outputs with the electrodes of the same name of the corresponding gated elements, whose other electrodes are connected with the electrodes of the same name of all other controlled gated elements forming one of the output clamps. The converter has an additional group of gates whose plates are connected between themselves and form the second output clamp, a and each of the cathodes is switched to one of the phases of the secondary winding. |
 Three-phase current rectifier / 2297707The three-phase current rectifier has two input transformers (T)(1,2) and six single-phase bridge rectifier cells (B)(3-8), each consisting of four uncontrolled rectifiers, the outputs of the single-phase bridge rectifier cells are series-connected, and the input transformers are made three-phase ones and their inputs are parallel-connected to one another, the primary windings of the first transformer T(1) are star-connected, and the primary windings of the second transformer (T)(2) are triangle - connected, the second transformer T(2) is so made that its transformation ratio exceeds the transformation ratio of the first transformer T(1) by times. |
 Method and device for controlling thyristors of reverse transformer for powering excitation winding of constant current generator (variants) / 2313893In method and device for controlling thyristors of reverse transformer for powering constant current generator excitation winding, during regulation of thyristors of reverse transformer locking of non-working group of thyristors is performed at voltage of generator which equals boundary value of continuous current of transformer, and simultaneously a limit is imposed onto maximal regulation angle for thyristors of working group, which is independent from resulting magnetic amplifier control signal. To reduce generator voltage, the working group of thyristors is transferred to inverter mode with given maximal adjustment angle, and on reduction of generator voltage to aforementioned value the prohibition on operation of groups and limitation of maximal regulation angle are lifted, and by shifting of magnetic amplifiers such a starting angle of regulation is set for each thyristor group, that current in generator excitation winding is close to zero. Control windings of magnetic amplifiers of thyristor groups of reverse transformer are coupled oppositely, to one pair of windings, setting voltage is fed, to other pair - generator anchor check connection voltage is fed. |
 Three-phase stabilised rectifier / 2337463Invention is related to electrical engineering, in particular, to transformation equipment, and may be used as source of stabilised DC voltage. In device three-phase rectifier is used that contains two single-phase transformers, the primary windings of which are connected between each other in accord, and their outlets and common point are connected with outlets, to which three-phase voltage source is connected, the first single-phase transformer contains the first and the second secondary windings, which are connected serially in accord, the second single-phase transformer contains the first, second, third and fourth secondary windings, at that beginning of the first secondary winding of the first single-phase transformer is connected with the end of the first and beginning of the second secondary windings of the second single-phase transformer, and the end of the second secondary winding of the first single-phase transformer is connected with the end of the third and beginning of the fourth secondary windings of the second single-phase transformer and circuit of rectification arranged in four diodes, in application rectification circuit is used that contains two diodes and two thyristors, at that beginning of the first secondary winding of the second single-phase transformer is connected with cathode of the first diode, the end of the fourth secondary winding with cathode of the second diode, the end of the second secondary winding is connected with cathode of the first thyristor, and beginning of the third secondary winding is connected to cathode of the second thyristor, anodes of the first, second diodes and the first, second thyristors are combined and connected to the second inlet of filter, the first inlet of which is connected to the common point of serially and accordingly connected first and second secondary windings of the first single-phase rectifier, the first and the second outlets of filters are connected with the first and second outlets of rectifier, the first and second inlets of control system, the first inlet of which is connected to outlets of serially back-to-back first secondary winding of the first single-phase rectifier with the second secondary winding of the second single-phase rectifier, control system contains the first and second amplifiers of pulses, shaper of control pulses, voltage divider and generator of sawtooth voltage, at that the first and second inlets of voltage divider are the first and second inlets of control system, and inlet of sawtooth voltage generator is the third inlet of control system, the outlet of voltage divider is connected to the first inlet of control pulses shaper, the second inlet of which is connected to the outlet of sawtooth voltage generator, the outlet of control pulses shaper is connected via the first and second pulse amplifiers with control electrodes of the first and second thyristors accordingly. |
 Converter of absolute voltage into current / 2344536Converter comprises current-reference resistor and rectifier including n-p-n transistor and "current mirror" layout consisting of two n-p-n transistors; inputs of stage and the "current mirror" layout are connected to each other and through the current reference resistor to an input bus while their outputs are directly connected to an output bus. Corresponding resistor can be included into the circuit of connection of the emitter to common bus of each transistor in the "current mirror" layout . |
 Ac-to-dc voltage converter (versions) / 2358379Invention deals with design of converter equipment; its implementation is to provide for conversion of three-phase ac voltage to 6-pulse or 12-pulse dc voltage at two rectifier diodes with the voltage thyristor-regulated on the group transformer input side. Under the first (6-pulse) design version the converter comprises two single-phase transformers, an additional pair of controllable gates, connected in parallel opposite and a secondary winding. One end of each single-phase transformer primary winding is connected to the phase input terminal and the other - to the common point of the controllable gate pair connected in parallel opposite; via the said common point the primary winding is connected to the opposite input terminal. The common points of the controllable gates serve to close the series circuit composed of all the gates specified and one of the primary windings. The secondary winding central and end outputs are connected to a double-diode rectifier. The secondary winding common cavity contains one core with each transformer's primary winding. Specificity of the second version (12-pulse) converter consists in it comprising four additional pairs of the aforesaid type gates and two additional primary windings, one of them applied on one transformer and the other, with a -fold greater number of coils - on the other. The winding are connected via the corresponding gate pairs, the major - between the phase and the zero input terminals, the minor - between the phase input terminals. Each main primary winding contains an intermittent terminal that breaks down its total number of coils at a ratio of with the major portion counted from the loose phase input terminal. The intermittent terminal is connected to the zero input terminal via a corresponding gate pair. The both design versions allow of usage of a varied design homotypic magnetic circuit pair including a two-limb core with sectioned primary and secondary windings. The third (6-pulse) converter design version differs from the first one due to it envisaging additional embedment of an identical single-phase transformer restricting the diversity of magnetic circuits used; all the three primary windings alongside with the controllable gates (joined in parallel opposite) delta-connected with the delta vertices linked to the phase input terminals. With regard to a 12-pulse converter design the third version envisages each primary winding having an intermittent terminal that breaks down its total number of coils at a ratio of and connected to the zero input terminal via the aforesaid additional gate pair. |
 Single-phase alternating-to-direct current converter / 2395153Converter includes ten controlled valves and three uncontrolled valves, single-phase transformer with primary winding and two sectional secondary windings having the outputs from beginnings, from connection points of sections and from ends; at that, six-valve ring with connections of valves is formed of six controlled valves with the same electrodes; the rest controlled valves and two uncontrolled valves are combined into two three-valve stars opposite each other, in each of which one of valves is uncontrolled, and common connection points of the same electrodes of valves of three-valve stars form two heteropolar outputs of the device, to which there connected is load; at that, the same outputs of two-sectional windings are connected to connection points of electrodes of valves, which are diametrically located in valve ring; at that, two controlled valves diametrically located in valve ring connect extreme opposite outputs of two-sectional windings, to which they are connected with free electrodes in series with the above valves of the ring along one of controlled valves of three-valve stars; at that, free electrodes of uncontrolled valves of three-valve stars are connected to connection points of sections of those two-sectional windings to extreme outputs of which there connected are electrodes of controlled valves of three-valve stars, which are similar to them, and in series with uncontrolled valves of three-valve stars to middle outputs of two-sectional windings there connected is the rest uncontrolled valve. |
 Converter of single-phase ac voltage into dc voltage / 2395892Converter of single-phase AC voltage into DC voltage may find application for conversion of AC voltage into controlled DC voltage and may be used in controlled DC electric drives. Proposed converter comprises twelve controlled valves and single-phase transformer with primary winding and two bisectional windinds, having taps from their beginnings, from the points of sections connection and from ends, besides numbers of turns in sections of secondary windings are equal tor different, six-valve ring is shaped out of six controlled valves, and its valves are connected by identical electrodes, remaining controlled valves are connected into two three-valve reverse stars, common points of valve electrodes connection in them form two heteropolar outlets of device, to which load is connected, at the same time identical taps of bisectional windings are connected to diametrically arranged points of ring valve electrodes connection, besides taps of each bisectional winding are connected to electrodes of ring valves, having same designation, and free electrodes of valves in one of three-valve stars, having other designation, and tap from points of sections connection in each winding is joined by two ring valves with dissimilar taps of other winding. |
 Alternating voltage converter (versions) / 2396687Invention can be used for optimisation of converters, for example for conversion of single-phase alternating voltage to alternating or/and direct, with advanced operating angle of controlled voltage with naturally switched thyristors on primary side of transformer made on two magnetic conductors or standardisation of transformer and valve equipment. Converter of single-phase alternating voltage includes transformer on two twisted strip ring-shaped magnetic conductors with primary and secondary windings arranged by the fact that any cavity envelopes the secondary winding of both magnetic conductors, and one output of each primary winding is connected to the first output of bipole, the second output of which is connected to inlet output, and free output - directly to the other input output; both primary windings together with the above bipoles, one of which can be short-circuited, and the other one - thyristor, are connected to one and the same pair of inlet outputs; at that, reciprocal priority of descriptions of outputs of primary windings from one and the same inlet output to the other corresponds to equal directions of coiling of primary windings relative to common axis of magnetic conductors. In the second version, the converter of three-phase alternating voltage can be made on pin-type or strip twisted magnetic conductors and includes four thyristor bipoles; at that, ratio of frequency of actuation of thyristors of various groups of bipoles per even number of supply voltage periods is two. |
 Single-phase ac to dc converter / 2398344Single-phase converter of AC into DC may find application for conversion of AC into DC and may be used in DC sources with controlled voltage. Proposed converter comprises eight valves and a single-phase transformer with primary winding and group of secondary windings that consists of two parts, every of which has tap from middle point, besides numbers of turns in both parts of group of secondary windings are equal. Six valves form two reciprocal three-valve starts, common points of valve connection in which form output leads of device. Free electrodes of valves in one star are connected to beginning, middle point and end of the first part of group of secondary windings, and free electrodes of the second star valves are connected to beginning, middle point and end of the second part of group of secondary windings. At the same time one of spare valves connects beginning (end) of the first part with end (beginning) of the second part of group of secondary windings, and the second spare valve connects end (beginning) of the first part with beginning (end) of the second part of group of secondary windings, besides both valves are connected in accord with valves of three-valve stars. All valves of device are controlled or one of them, which belongs to one of three-valve stars and is connected to middle point of corresponding part of group of secondary windings, is uncontrolled. |
FIELD: electricity.
SUBSTANCE: voltage converter consists of two identical sections of an excessive voltage blanking unit which are made as an in-series connected capacitor and resistor switched on into two wires respectively between the outputs for connection of the power supply source and the inputs of the first and second bridge rectifiers; the output of the first rectifier is connected in parallel to the input of a voltage stabiliser and in both wires at output of the second rectifier the first and second regulating elements are introduced which are connected in-series to the input of the voltage stabiliser.
EFFECT: reducing value of consumed active power and increasing stability of output voltage.
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The technical field
Transformerless voltage Converter relates to the field of electrical engineering and is intended for use in the secondary power supply of the devices and devices of measuring equipment, in particular for power electronic electricity meters, electronic voltmeters, various relay protection and automatics, fed from the monitored network.
Prior art
Known sources of power (P. Horowitz, hill Conventional Art circuit. In 3 volumes. Vol. 1. Transl. from English. - 4-e Izd. added and extra - M: Mir, 1993. - 413, Il., RIS), containing the power transformer, a rectifier and smoothing filter, compensation voltage regulator serial type, in which the control unit is connected in series with the load and plays the role of managed ballast resistor. The presence of compensating voltage regulator ensures stable supply voltage, and the presence of the transformer allows you to get low active power consumption and, if necessary, connect the neutral wire network with the total point source. However, it is the presence of a transformer is the main disadvantage of such sources, increase their size and cost.
Also known transformerless Converter on MOS transistor (Schreiber, 300 power supply circuits. Rectifiers. Switching power supplies. Line stabilizers and transformers: Per. with Franz. - M: DMK, 2000. - 224 p: Il. (To help ham), RIS)containing full wave bridge rectifier, dropping resistor, filter, parametric stabilizer on the Zener diode reference voltage, dual operational amplifier, control unit and a voltage divider network. The principle of operation of Converter transformer-less MOS transistor is that at the beginning of each half-wave rectified voltage through the open regulatory element charges capacitive filter, connected to the load. When reaching the resistor voltage divider value of the reference voltage operational amplifier closes regulatory element, and the capacitive charge of the filter will cease to work. The main disadvantage of such a power supply is the output ripple, diminish the work of the majority of devices, measuring equipment, and the lack of a fixed one of the potential output points relative to the mains voltage.
The closest technical solution to the proposed device is a transformerless power supply (description of the invention to the patent of Russian Federation №2077111, MPC NM 7/155, G05F 1/585, priority 01.06.1993. Published 10.04.1997, bul. №10), in which the suppression unit excess voltage consists of two sections of equal resistance AC, with each section of the site clearing excess voltage is made in the form of connected in series resistor and capacitor, a common connection point which is connected to the correct conclusion for connect the power source, and free the capacitors and resistors first and second section of suppression unit excess voltage connected to inputs respectively the first and second bridge rectifiers, and the outputs of the first and second bridge rectifiers are connected according to and in parallel and connected through the filter to the voltage regulator. Voltage stabilizer is made of two-stage, where the first stage of the stabilizer is made on the Zener diode, and the second step of the stabilizer contains sets the element at the Zener diode, site stabilize the current master element and the operational amplifier is supplied from the first stage. Inverting the input of the operational amplifier through the first resistor connected to the terminal for connection of the first load, and through the second resistor connected to the terminal to connect second load, connected also with the output output node stabilize the current master element, non-inverting input of the amplifier through the third and fourth resistors with equal resistance connected to the leads for connection of the power supply, the output of the operational amplifier is connected to the output terminals to connect the first load. In transformerless power supply with two-stabilizer ensures high the stability of power supply and fixing of the potential of one of the output terminals to the point of "artificial zero" with the potential of half the supply voltage of the network, and the main disadvantage of this source of power is the most active power consumption.
Disclosure of the invention
The objective of the invention is to create a transformerless voltage Converter with a full-wave rectifier and fixation potential of one of the output points relative to voltage network, which reduced the value of consumed active power and improved stability output voltage.
The problem is solved in the transformerless voltage Converter contains two sections of suppression unit excess voltage equal resistance AC, two full-wave rectifier and a filter, two regulatory element, two operating amplifier and voltage stabilizer, and each section of the site clearing excess voltage is made in the form of connected in series resistor and capacitor connected to a common point to the appropriate output for connection to a power source, free capacitors both partitions and resistors of both sections of the site clearing excess voltage is connected respectively with the inputs of the first and second bridge rectifiers; the release of the first rectifier is connected through the filter in parallel and according to the input voltage, the output of the second rectifier is connected via consistently and according included in the first and second wires respectively introduced the first and second regulatory elements to the input voltage, and the first regulatory element is made on the n-channel MOS transistor depleted type or n-channel FET, the second regulatory the item is made on the p-channel FET; voltage stabilizer is made of two-stage, in which the first stage includes the first and second units, included pursuant to, and in parallel, the first node is executed in the form of a serial connection of the first Zener diode and introduced the first resistor entered the second site is made in the form of a serial connection of the second diode and the second resistor, and a common connection point cathode first Zener diode in the first node and the second resistor in the second node connected to the first wire on the release of the first bridge rectifier, United also with the source of the first n-channel MOS transistor depleted type, a common connection point between the anode the second diode in the second node and the first resistor in the first node is connected to the second wire output of the first bridge rectifier, connected also with the source of the second R-channel field-effect transistor; runoff of the first n-channel MOS transistor depleted type and flow of the second p-channel field-effect transistor is connected respectively to the first and second lines on the release of the second part of the rectifier; the first n-channel MOS transistor depleted type controls introduced the first operational amplifier, the power pins of which is connected to the findings of the first diode, in the first node of the first stage regulator, inverting input of the first amplifier through entered the third and fourth resistors with equal resistance connected to the findings of the first diode, non-inverting input of the first amplifier using resistors equal resistances connected to the leads for connection of the power supply, the output of the first amplifier connected to the control shutter first n-channel MOS transistor depleted type; the second p-channel field-effect transistor controls entered the second operational amplifier, the power pins of which is connected to the conclusions of the second Zener diode in the second node of the first stage regulator, inverting input of the second amplifier connected to the output entered voltage reference, non-inverting input of the second amplifier connected to the common connection point anode first Zener diode and the first resistor in the first node of the first stage regulator, the output of the second amplifier connected to the control shutter second p-channel field-effect transistor; the second stage of the stabilizer is made for the serial stabilizer voltage and consists of a master element on the Zener diode, site stabilize the current master element and the operational amplifier, powered from the output of the first stage regulator, namely, fed from the first Zener diode in the first node of the first stage regulator, non-inverting input of the amplifier in the second stage regulator is connected with reinvestiruet entrance introduced the first amplifier connected through a resistor with equal resistance to conclusions for connection of the power supply, inverting input of the amplifier in the second stage regulator is connected through a resistor to conclusions for connect the first and second loads the output to connect a second load is connected also with the output output node stabilize the current master element, the output of the amplifier in the second stage regulator is connected to the output terminals to connect the first load.
It is due to run suppression unit excess voltage in the form of two identical sections with equal resistance AC, made in the form of a serial connection of capacitor and resistor respectively in the two wires between the findings for connect the power supply and the inputs of the first and second bridge rectifiers, introduction in both wires at the output of the second bridge rectifier series with the input voltage of the first and second regulatory elements, which are operated respectively introduced the first and second operational amplifiers, perform voltage two-stage, whose first stage consists of incorporated pursuant to, and in parallel to the first and second units, containing, respectively, the first and second Zener diodes, which are fed, respectively, the first and second operational amplifiers, introduction of appropriate resistors and voltage reference, and perform the second step of the stabilizer with the node stabilize the current master element on the Zener and the operational amplifier is supplied from the first Zener diode in the first node of the first stage regulator, with the above the connection between themselves and with other elements of the scheme is a full-wave rectification, preliminary symmetry of the output voltage in the first stage of the stabilizer and fixing potential of one of the output terminals of the claimed device in the second stage regulator regarding point potential of half the supply voltage decreases the active power consumption, increases the stability of the output voltage.
Indeed, the introduction of the first and second regulatory elements that functions managed ballast resistance, reduces current circuits with the quenching resistors, resulting in the decline of active power consumption.
Splitting suppression unit excess voltage into two sections and synchronous the change of resistance of the first regulatory element, managed the first operational amplifier, on the change of resistance of the second regulatory element provides preliminary symmetry of the output voltage of the first stage regulator about a point with the potential of half of the supply voltage of the network, and the application of the operational amplifier, the second stage regulator, supplied from the first Zener diode in the first node of the first stage regulator, allows you to track the potential of one of the output terminals of the device relative to the point with the potential of half the supply mains voltage.
The introduction of the first resistor in the first node of the first stage of the stabilizer and the voltage reference and the second operational amplifier, which controls the second regulating element, allows to support in the first node of the first stage regulator input DC equal to the reference voltage reference to the first resistance resistor, and reduce ripple voltage at the output of the first stage regulator, namely, to reduce ripple voltage on the first Zener diode in the first node of the first stage of the stabilizer, which is powered operating the amplifier in the second stage of the stabilizer.
The implementation of the second stage of the stabilizer with the node stabilize the current master element eliminates the output voltage ripple caused some shift of output voltage of the first diode, in the first node of the first stage of the stabilizer about a point with the potential of half the supply voltage network.
A brief description of the drawings.
Figure 1 shows the electrical circuit of the device. The device contains two identical sections 1 node 2 damping excess voltage, two bridge rectifier 3 and 4, the filter 5, voltage stabilizer 6, introduced two regulatory element, and the first regulatory element is made on the n-channel MOS transistor 7 depleted type (or n-channel FET), the second regulating element is made in the p-channel FET 8, introduced the first operational amplifier 9 and the second operational amplifier 10.
Section 1 node 2 damping excess voltage, consisting of a capacitor 11 and resistor 12, connected with one hand to terminals 13 and 14 for the network connection, and on the other side is connected to the inputs of the bridge rectifiers 3 and 4, and capacitors 11 connected to the input of the first bridge rectifier 3, and resistors 12 is connected to the input of the second bridge rectifier 4.
The output of the first bridge rectifier 3 through the filter of 5 enabled according to and in parallel with the input voltage 6.
Voltage stabilizer 6 is made of two stages. The first step voltage 6 contains the first node 15 and the second site is 16, which included pursuant to, and in parallel. The first node 15 made in the form of serial connection Zener 17 and entered the first resistor 18. Entered the second node 16 in the form of serial connection Zener 19 and resistor 20.
The power pins of the operational amplifier 10 is connected to the Zener diode 19, inverting input amplifier 10 is connected to the output of the voltage reference 25, made on the Zener 26 and restrictive resistor 27, non-inverting input of the amplifier 10 connected to the public the connection point between the anode Zener 17 and resistor 18 in the first node 15 first stage of the stabilizer 6, the output of the amplifier 10 connected to a host transistor gate 8.
The second step of the voltage regulator 6 made by the known scheme of successive voltage regulator and consists of master element on the Zener 28, site, 29 stabilize the current master element, made transistor 30, resistors 31, 32, 33 and the diode 34, an emitter follower transistor 35.
In the second stage of the stabilizer 6 also contains operational amplifier 36 powered by a Zener diode 17 in the first node 15 first stage of the stabilizer 6. Non-inverting input of the amplifier 36 via resistors 21 and 22 with equal resistance connected to terminals 13 and 14 for the network connection, inverting input of the amplifier 36 connected through a resistor 37 and 38 to the output terminals 39 and 40 respectively, the output of the operational amplifier 36 connected to the output terminal 39.
Also, to limit the maximum voltage drop between the drain and source of the transistor 7 resistor connected 41, and between drain and source of the transistor 8 resistor connected 42. Resistors 41 and 42 are chosen with equal resistance.
The operation principle of the device consists in the following.
Input mains voltage is applied to terminals 13 and 14 of the device decreases the capacitors 11 and resistors 12 in both sections 1 node 2 damping excessive voltage is rectified on the first and second full-wave rectifiers 3 and 4, and falls on the first and second transistors 7 and 8, which manage respectively the first and second operational amplifiers 9 and 10, then smoothed filter 5, stabilized in two-stage stabilizer 6 and fed to the output terminals 39 and 40.
The first stage regulator 6 contains parallel nodes 15 and 16, in which the Zener diodes 17 and 19 are chosen with equal voltage stabilization, and the resistance of the resistor 18 selected significantly less resistance resistor 20, so the input current in the first node 15 first stage of the stabilizer 6 considerably more than in the second node 16.
Input current at first node 15 first stage of the stabilizer 6 is equal to the sum rectified currents with outputs of the first and second rectifiers 3, 4 and shifted in phase by 90° relative to each other. Shift of current-phase output of the first rectifier 3 regarding the current output of the second rectifier 4 is formed due to the shift of power in the condenser 11 90° relative to the current resistor 12. The output of the first rectifier 3 runs a full-wave rectified current, the instantaneous value of which in proportion to the resistance of the capacitor 11, and the output of the second rectifier 4 proceeds rectified current, the instantaneous value of which is proportionate to the amount of resistance 12 and variable resistors transistors 7 and 8, playing the role of managed ballast resistors.
The change in resistance of the transistor 8 manages operational amplifier 10, which works on the principle of feedback. The voltage across the resistor 18, proportional to the input current in the first node 15 first stage of the stabilizer 6, arrives at the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier and 10 compared with a reference value of the reference voltage on the diode 26, coming to the inverting input of the operational amplifier 10. When changes are instantaneous voltage output operational amplifier 10 control voltage on the gate of the transistor 8, changing it the resistance so that the voltage drop across the resistor 18 in the first node 15 first stage of the stabilizer 6 is maintained at the level of the reference voltage set by Zener 26. That is, at the rated current value voltage input current at first node 15 first stage stabilizer 6 passing through the resistor 18 and Zener 17 without load connection, tends to have a constant value equal to the reference voltage Zener 26 to the resistor 18. Thus, maintaining a constant values of the input current to the first node 15 first stage of the stabilizer 6 reduces ripple voltage Zener 17, from which he receives operational amplifier 36 in the second stage of the stabilizer 6.
Simultaneously with change of resistance of the transistor 8 synchronously changing the resistance of the transistor 7. The change in resistance of the transistor 7 manages operational amplifier 9, which works on the principle of feedback. If the potential common point of connection of resistors 21 and 22 in the divider mains voltage in half to consider as potential points of "artificial zero, then synchronous change of resistance of the transistor 7 concerning the change of resistance of the transistor 8 achieved when the total capacity of the connection point resistors 23 and 24 with equal resistance of the divisor output voltage Zener 17 first node 15 first stage of the stabilizer 6 equal to the potential points "artificial zero".
The total capacity of the connection point resistors 23 and 24 arrives at the inverting input of the operational amplifier 9 and compared with the potential points "artificial zero" on reinvestiruet input operational amplifier 9, and control voltage output operational amplifier 9 comes to the gate of the transistor 7, changing its resistance so that the total capacity of the connection point resistors 23 and 24 tends to fixate on the capacities of "artificial scratch. This provides preliminary symmetry output voltage Zener 17 in the first stage of the stabilizer 6 relative to the point of "artificial zero".
In the second stage of the stabilizer 6 operational amplifier 36 powered by a Zener diode 17, on the basis of feedback records the potential of the mid-point of resistors 37 and 38 in the divider output voltage relative to the point of "artificial zero" at change of polarity of the input voltage network and other destabilizing factors. In addition, to eliminate the dependence of the output voltage stabilizer 6 related possible change of current in the Zener 28 changing the voltage between the cathode Zener diodes 17 and 28, applies site 29 current stabilization in the Zener 28 on the basis of the diagram of current mirrors with elements 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, in which the collector current of the transistor 30 does not depend on voltage collector-base.
Under equal resistors 37 and 38 output voltage source to the terminals 39 and 40 is symmetric about the "artificial scratch. If the resistor 37 short, the potential terminals 39 will be equal to "artificial zero".
To limit the maximum voltage drop between the drain and source of the transistor 7 included resistor 41, and between drain and source of the transistor 8 included resistor 42. Resistors 41 and 42 are chosen with equal resistance.
Since p-channel MOSFETs 7 have low breakdown voltage, the second regulatory element can be performed on the p-channel MOS transistor.
Figure 2 shows a fragment of an electrical circuit with application as a second regulatory element of the p-channel MOS transistor 43, which manages operational amplifier 10. In this case enter the integral Converter 44 voltage, input the findings of which are connected in parallel to the Zener diode 19, and capacitors 45 and 46. The power pins of the operational amplifier 10 are connected, respectively, to the cathode Zener 19 and to the conclusion of the Converter 44 with negative polarity of the output voltage.
Industrial applicability.
Testing prototypes of the device reaffirmed its full capacity, the solution of the problem and the possibility of industrial applicability.
Transformerless voltage Converter, containing two identical sections of suppression unit excess voltage equal resistance AC, each section of the site clearing excess voltage is made in the form of series-connected resistor and a capacitor connected to a common point to the appropriate output for connection to a power source, free capacitors both partitions and free pins resistors of both sections of the site clearing excess voltage is connected respectively with the inputs of the first and second bridge rectifiers, the outputs of the first and second bridge rectifiers included pursuant to, and in parallel and connected through the filter to the voltage regulator, voltage stabilizer is made of two-stage with a host stabilize the current master element on the Zener and the operational amplifier is supplied from the first degree stabilizer, non-inverting input of the amplifier using resistors equal resistances connected to the leads for connection of the power supply, inverting input of the amplifier via resistors connected to the leads for connection of the first and second loads the output to connect a second load is connected also with the output output node stabilize the current master element, the output of the operational amplifier is connected to the output terminals to connect the first load, characterized in that the output of the second bridge rectifier is connected via coherent included in the first and second wires accordingly entered the first and second regulatory elements to the entrance of the two-voltage stabilizer, and the first regulatory element is made on the n-channel FET, and the second regulating element is made in the p-channel FET, the first stage of the stabilizer consists of the first and second units, included pursuant to, and in parallel, the first node of the stabilizer is made in a series connection of the first Zener diode and introduced the first resistor entered the second node of the stabilizer is made in a series connection of the second diode and the second resistor, and a common connection point cathode first Zener diode in the first node and the second resistor in the second node of the first stage regulator is connected to the source of the first n-channel field-effect transistor, which is connected also with the first wire on the release of the first bridge rectifier, the General point of connection of the first resistor in the first node and the anode the second diode in the second node of the first stage regulator is connected to the source of the second p-channel field-effect transistor, which is connected also with the second wire output of the first bridge rectifier, Stoke first n-channel and the flow of the second p-channel field-effect transistors connected respectively to the first and second lines on the release of the second bridge rectifier, managing the shutter of the first n-channel field-effect transistor is connected to the output entered the first of the operational amplifier, the power pins of which, and the power pins of the operational amplifier, the second stage regulator, connected to the findings of the first diode, in the first node of the first stage regulator, inverting input of the first amplifier through entered the third and fourth resistors with equal resistance connected to the findings of the first Zener in the first node of the first stage regulator, non-inverting input of the first amplifier is connected with reinvestiruet input operational amplifier in the second stage regulator, and also connected through a resistor with equal resistance to conclusions for connection of the power supply, managing the shutter second p-channel field-effect transistor is connected to the output entered the second operational amplifier, the power pins of which is connected to the conclusions of the second Zener diode in the second node of the first stage regulator, non-inverting input of the second amplifier connected to the common point connect the anode of the first diode, and the first resistor in the first node of the first stage regulator, inverting input of the second amplifier connected to the output entered voltage reference.