Electric power supply system. RU patent 2513025.

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: application: in the field of electrical engineering. The system contains at least one segment (1) of electric mains, a bank of capacitors (2), at least one voltage converter (3) connected between the bank of capacitors (2) and the segment (1) of electric mains, a regulator (4) with input (5) and at least one output (6). The voltage converter (3) is reversible and has a control input (7) connected to the output (6) of the regulator (4), to which input (5) voltage of the bank of capacitors (2) is supplied, moreover the voltage converter (3) is made so that against a signal at the control input (7) it can change parameters of its volt-ampere curve at outputs from the side of the segment (1) of electric mains, and the regulator (4) is designed to maintain voltage of the bank of capacitors (2) within the set range in static mode of the electric mains and at dynamic disturbance in the electric mains not to change the signal at its output (6).

EFFECT: increasing usage efficiency of the bank of capacitors in order to amplify pulse power of the electric mains.

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The invention relates to the electrical engineering, namely to a stand-alone power supply systems, and can be used mainly to transport machines.

Known power supply system of the transport machine containing source of electric energy in the form of direct current generator, batteries, converters of voltage and current, as well as the electrical distribution network with shields for connection to various groups of consumers of electrical energy. Electric network can be divided into several segments with different voltage levels and requirements to the quality of electricity, for example, for power supply of the main consumers of electricity used segment onboard network with nominal voltage is 28 V and power starter can be used segment onboard network with rated voltage of 48 Century

(See Electrical equipment and automation of armoured vehicles. Part 1. Edited Aselinos - M, Voenizdat, 1972, page 8, figure 2, str, RIS.(1)).

The disadvantage of this system is the low quality of electrical energy, which is manifested in a significant (up to double in relation to the nominal value) emissions and voltage sags on-Board network arising step load changes. In addition, this system does not provide enough power to power the electric starter on lowering the temperature of the environment due to increased internal resistance of the battery.

Also known power supply system, which includes reversible switching Converter permanent stresses that contains the source of DC power in the form of rechargeable batteries connected in a cell sections, capacitors connected in parallel sections of the battery, convertible half-bridge converters, each consisting of throttle and two electronic keys with diode reverse conductivity, the control scheme with the possibility of modulation of signals connected to the control conclusions of electronic keys, and voltage sensors.

(See The patent for useful model of the Russian Federation №109353 on class. IPC-7: NM 3/07, Appl. 13.04.2011 year, publ. 10.10.2011,"Reversible switching Converter constant voltage" (2)).

This solution ensures the alignment of stress from all sections of the battery through a managed exchange of electric power between the sections and can be used for creation of power supply systems of vehicles with two or more levels of supply voltages. However, there are no elements of an effective short-term absorption of excess energy and replacement of missing energy that leads to abrupt change of supply voltage under impulse loading and reduces the quality of electric energy.

Also known power supply system, which contains the electric battery connected via terminals and conductive network load and is connected parallel to the condenser high capacity, which is used for the short-term absorption of excess energy and replacement of missing energy under impulse loading.

(See The certificate on useful model RF # 17579 on class. IPC-7: F02P 3/06, H02J 7/34, Appl. 26.01.2001 year, publ. 10.04.2001, "power supply" (3)).

The energy efficiency of high-capacity capacitors is a significant factor influencing the characteristics of the power supply system in General, as the cost and weight and size characteristics of capacitors directly proportional to the number stored in them energy.

One of the drawbacks of this solution is the inefficient use of energy resources of the capacitor, such as the suppression of perturbations to the voltage to + / - 5% of the nominal value allows you to use the power of the capacitor not more than 20% (stored condenser energy is proportional to the square of the voltage).

In addition, this decision affects the quality of the electric power during short load connection of high power mode, close to a short circuit (e.g. when connecting an electric starter). In this mode is quick capacitor discharge large load current and subsequent slow charge, leading to a prolonged brownout electrical network.

The closest essential features and selected as a prototype for the proposed technical solution is a power supply system, which is part of the electrical system start-up of internal combustion engine and contains the segment of electric networks, capacitor battery and inverter voltage capacitor connected between the battery and the electric network segment. In the description of this system segment of the electrical network is presented in the form of the battery and switching devices of management of electric start.

(See the copyright certificate of the Russian Federation №1193288 on class. IPC-4: F02N 11/08, Appl. 31.05.84 year, publ. 23.11.85, "the electrical System start-up of internal combustion engine" (4)).

The disadvantage of this system is a low power quality, especially at lower ambient temperature, and the corresponding increase in internal resistance of the battery. The capacitor Bank is not being used effectively, because in most cases does not influence positively on the quality of electricity and energy opportunities condenser batteries are only used to power electric starter, not ensured joint work condenser and batteries on the total load, not used capacitor Bank as an element of short-term absorption of excess electrical energy arising from the discharge load.

The objective of the invention is to increase the quality of electric energy, especially in conditions of low temperatures.

The technical result, allowing to solve the task is increase of efficiency of use of capacitor banks to strengthen pulsed power electrical network. This result can be expressed quantitatively through efficiency ratio To e =P counts ·t imp /W KB , where P pulse - pulse electric power under certain requirements duration t pulse pulse loads and quality of electric power, W KB - maximum reserved energy capacitor Bank.

The task is achieved by the fact that in the electricity system that contains at least one segment of the electrical network, capacitor battery and at least one of the voltage transformer, capacitor connected between the battery and the segment electric network, according to the invention additionally introduced controller with entrance and at least one output, voltage Converter performed reversible and has control input associated with the output of the controller, on which input voltage condenser batteries and voltage Converter is designed so that the signal at the control input can change the parameters of their current-Voltage characteristics on the conclusions from the electric network segment, and the control system is made in such a way as to maintain the voltage condenser batteries near setpoint in static the mode of electric network, and under dynamic disturbances in the electrical network does not significantly modify the signal at its output.

Voltage Converter can have Volt-Ampere characteristic on the conclusions from the segment of electric networks by the equation U n =U 0-R n I n , where U is n - output voltage, I n - output current, U 0 , R n - parameters of Volt-Ampere characteristics, while the absolute value of the output current is limited to the maximum in the field of positive and negative values, and the parameter U 0 can be changed to a limited extent by the signal at the control input voltage Converter.

The regulator may contain consistently associated measuring error, low pass filter, and at least one proportional link, the output of which is the output of the regulator, with the input of the meter mismatch is the input of the regulator and the set point is 0.8-0,95 maximum permissible voltage capacitor Bank. The regulator can be in the form of microprocessor devices, while its elements are software modules, which can vary depending on the operation modes of the system.

In one variation of the electric network segment can contain negative cable and the positive wire between which included a DC generator, battery, consumers of electricity and electric starter. In another embodiment, the power supply system can contain at least two segments of the electrical network and at least two voltage Converter included between the capacitor Bank and segments of the electrical network that share a common negative cable and separate plus wire, and the regulator has two outputs associated with the control inputs voltage converters, one segment of the electrical network includes a DC generator and electricity consumers, and the other - in battery and starter, the nominal supply voltage is higher than that of consumers.

The system power supply may include additional segment of the electrical network and additional voltage Converter included between the capacitor Bank and additional electric network segment that contains connector external power supply, the regulator has an additional output, connected with the control input voltage Converter.

Each voltage Converter can contain half-bridge Converter, consisting of a reactor and two electronic keys with diode reverse conductivity, connected in series and connected according to their total power output through the throttle to plusobama wire corresponding segment of the electrical network, and different power outputs - the conclusions of the capacitor banks, one of which is connected with negative wire segments of the electrical network, the current sensor throttle and control scheme with the possibility width modulation control signals electronic keys with three entrances, the first of which is a control input voltage Converter, at the second signal current sensor throttle, and on the third - voltage corresponding segment of the electrical network or condenser batteries, which is chosen so that its maximum allowable voltage exceed the rated voltage segments of the electrical network in at least two times.

Claimed power supply system can be manufactured in any enterprise, specializing in the industry, as it requires well-known materials and standard equipment is widely produced by industry. Thus, it meets the criterion of "industrial application".

The research was conducted for patent and technical information sources indicate that the claimed power supply system is unknown studied the technical level, this is not confirmed by the popularity of influence its distinctive signs on the technical result consists in increasing the efficiency of the use of capacitor banks to strengthen pulsed power electrical network. Thus, the claimed system meets the criterion of novelty and inventive step".

The proposed set of essential features reports claimed the electricity system new properties, allowing to solve the task, namely improving the quality of electric energy, especially in conditions of low temperatures.

Execution voltage Converter reversible allows to provide regenerative exchange of electric power between the capacitor Bank (KB), and a segment of electric networks, and the use of the system has more than one segment is to unite the energy resources of all segments of the electrical network through the use of the KB as a single energoholdinga points. The possibility voltage Converter to change the parameters of their current-Voltage characteristics on the conclusions from the segment of electric network signal, on which input voltage KB, allows you to manage the process of exchange of electric energy in the system. The execution of the regulator in such a way that in the static mode electric network voltage KB supported near the set point, and under dynamic disturbances in the electrical mains signal at the output of the regulator changes insignificantly, allows, under certain conditions, to ensure the invariance of the electrical network to the dynamic disturbances. Thus, the combination of these features allows to achieve the technical result consists in increasing the efficiency KB to strengthen the pulse power electric network.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which presents:

Figure 1 is a variant of the structural diagram of the proposed system with one segment of the electrical network;

Figure 2 is a variant of the structural diagram of the proposed system with three segments of the electrical network;

Figure 3 - Volt-Ampere characteristics of the inverter and the battery (AB).

The inventive system (Figure 1) contains at least one segment 1 electric networks, KB 2, at least one Converter 3 voltage regulator 4 input 5 and at least one output 6. Converter 3 voltage has control input 7. Converter 3 voltage on between 2 KB and segment 1 electrical network. Control input 7 Converter 3 voltage associated with exit 6 controller 4 input 5 which is energized 2 KB.

Controller 4 contains an 8 meter mismatch, the filter 9 lower frequencies and at least one proportional to the level 10, United sequentially. Output proportional to level 10 is the exit 6 controller 4. The input of the meter 8 mismatch is the entrance 5 controller 4. Controller 4 can be in the form of microprocessor devices.

Segment 1 electric network contains negative cable 11 and the positive wire 12 and generator 13 DC, AB 14, consumers 15 of electricity and electric starter 16, included between minus wire 11 and the positive wire 12.

Each Converter 3, 20, 21, 22 voltage contains half-bridge Converter (Figure 1)consisting of the throttle 27 and two electronic keys 28, 29 diode reverse conductivity sensor 30 current throttle and schema 31 controls with a pulse modulation 32, 33 management of electronic keys 28, 29. Electronic keys 28, 29 are connected in series and connected according to their total power output through the throttle 27 to the appropriate plusobama the wire, 12, 23, 24, 25 segment of the electrical network, and different power outputs - for conclusions 2 KB. One conclusion KB 2 is connected with negative wire 11 segments of the electrical network. One of the entrances schema 31 management is the managing entrance 7 on the associated inverter 3, 20, 21, 22 voltage, at the second signal sensor 30 current choke, on the third - voltage corresponding segment 1, 17, 18, 19 electric network (alternatively, at the third entrance of the schema 31 management can be energized 2 KB). Each Converter 3, 20, 21, 22 voltage may contain interference suppression capacitors 34, 35.

To explain the work of the system, figure 3 presents the current-Voltage characteristic of the Converter 3 voltage: U n =U 0-R n I n and AB 14: U a =U H R a I a .

The parameters of the current-Voltage characteristics:

U n - output voltage Converter;

I n - current output voltage Converter;

U 0 - open circuit voltage voltage Converter;

R n is the slope of the Voltage-current characteristics voltage Converter;

limit the output current I n voltage Converter in the field of positive values;

limit the output current I n voltage Converter in the area of negative values;

U a - output voltage AB;

I a - the output current AB;

U H - rated voltage AB;

R a - internal resistance AB.

The parameter U 0 can be changed to a limited extent by the signal at the control input voltage Converter.

One of the most likely areas of use of the claimed the power supply system is road transport. In this case, items 2, 3, 4, 14 system can be located in the block, hereinafter referred to as "booster" (amplifier pulse power), and interchangeable with the standard AB, in comparison with which the dimensions and capacity of 14 reduce in half, and on the released place are 2 KB, Converter 3 voltage regulator 4. During the Assembly of the booster KB 2 pre-load up to voltage AB 14, then connect the above sites in accordance with the scheme (Fig.1). After Assembly booster will have a negative conclusion 11 and positive conclusion 12, similar terminals regular AB.

Car variant of power supply system with one segment of electric networks with rated voltage 14 In (Figure 1) is as follows.

In the initial state of the generator 13 DC, consumers 15 of electricity and electric starter 16 do not work. If the voltage KB less than 2 setpoints (with non generator 13 setting is chosen by the regulator 4 equal to 28, which is about 0,95 maximum permissible voltage KB 2), on the meter output 8 of the error of a signal, which is received at the input filter 9 lower frequencies. The time constant of the filter 9 lower frequencies is chosen so that its size was comparable with the maximum possible duration of a pulse of the impact of the most powerful load (in this example - starter 16) and could be up to 10 seconds. From the output of the filter 9 low pass gradually increasing the signal through a proportional link 10 arrives on the control input 7 Converter 3 voltage. On this signal Volt-Ampere characteristic (Fig 3) Converter 3 voltage "moved down", that is, the voltage U n falls. The voltage U 0 idle Converter 3 voltage drops below the nominal voltage U H AB 14. Because Converter 3 voltage by segment 1 electric networks connected to the AB 14 in parallel, between them begins to leak electrical current and charge KB 2 through a voltage Converter 3. Voltage KB 2 is growing - powered negative feedback, as a result of which the voltage KB 2 will stabilize at the level setpoint - charging current KB 2 and, correspondingly, the output current I n Converter 3 voltage drops to zero, the voltage U 0 is equal to the voltage U H and is about 12 Century the System is in a state of readiness to load connection, in particular - starter.

After exposure to load with delay, defined time constant of the filter 9 lower frequencies, the regulator 4 begins to adjust the parameter U 0 and the tension KB 2 gradually reaches the preset value, as described above. If the generator 13 works, controller 4 (in an embodiment in the form of microprocessor devices) selects the setting at the level of about 0.8 maximum permissible voltage KB 2 for voltage KB 2 were closer to the middle of the stage.

In the process of operation of the generator of 13 step load change in the electrical network and the corresponding changes armature current generator 13 that cause deviations of voltage of the generator 13 of the steady-state values associated with the influence of internal electric resistance and reaction armature current generator 13. These deviations are short-term, as practiced members generator 13 voltage regulator (figures not shown). Booster significantly suppresses the amplitude of short-term deviations of voltage of the generator 13 that improves the quality of electricity. The degree of suppression is determined by the output resistance R Σ =(R n ·R, a )/(R +n R (a ) of the booster. When R n =0 these deviations can be entirely eliminated, but this will require revision of the generator 13 to ensure correct work is included in its composition voltage regulator. In the described option R n >0, which provides a feedback signal voltage generator 13 without modification generator 13.

In all the modes of the system is ensured by the formation of Volt-Ampere characteristic U n =U 0-R n I n Converter 3 voltage as follows.

Through the throttle 27 (Figure 1) proceeds output current I n Converter 3 voltage. If the periodic pulse signal 32 is served from schema 31 management on electronic key 28, 2 KB discharges, and output current I n positive. If the periodic pulse signal is supplied from 33 schema 31 management on electronic switch 29, KB 2 being charged and output current I n negative. The value of current I n is determined by periodic duty cycle pulse signals 31, 32 and regulated by the scheme 31-based control signal negative feedback coming from the sensor 30 current choke on one of the input circuits 31 management. Regulation of current I n is performed depending on the signal U n , U 0, coming to the other two input circuits 31 management (as an alternative signal U n can be used signal-direct connection of voltage 2 KB). In addition, the scheme 31 control limits the absolute value of current I n in order to protect electronic keys 28, 29 overload. Capacitors 34, 35 are used for suppression of high-frequency electromagnetic interference caused by work of the voltage Converter 3.

Another possible area of using the proposed system of power supply is heavy transport machines, namely armored vehicles, tractors, heavy trucks. Power supply system of such machines are characterized by diversity and large power consumers, in particular electric starter. In them, as a rule, is used electric network nominal voltage is 28 V and power starter AB can switch to the serial connection to the voltage of 48 In (see, for example, power supply system (1)). A variant of constructing claimed system for heavy vehicles (Figure 2) contains three segments of the electrical network:

- 17 segment with nominal voltage is 28 V;

segment 18 with nominal voltage of 48 V;

- 19 segment with nominal voltage from 6 to 12 Century The feature of this variant is that AB 14 and electric starter 16 are located in a separate segment 18 electrical network. This allows the inclusion of starter 16, avoiding voltage sags in the segment of 17, as when exposed dynamic perturbations converters 20 and 21 voltage work independently. Moreover, to power the electric starter is selected AB with a rated voltage of 48 V and is not required to make it switch to a parallel or serial connection in the process of changing the modes of the system.

When the generator 13 consumers 15 of electricity supplied from AB 14 through converters 20, 21.

In the process of operation of the generator 13 of him eat consumers 15 electricity and are potaracke AB 14 through converters 20, 21.

When insufficient charge AB 14 (especially at low temperatures) and a broken generator 13 power consumers 15 of electricity and electric starter 16 through converters 20, 21, 22 from backup portable compact battery (for example, lithium-ion), the plug connector 26 external power.

Additional advantage of the proposed system in a variant with three segments of the electrical network is the possibility in the process of operation of the generator 13 arbitrarily change the voltage level in the segments 18, 19 due to the fact that the regulator 4 (in an embodiment in the form of microprocessor devices) can programmatically add an offset signal outputs 6 proportional links 10. This allows you to charge AB shock, the optimal value, as well as conduct their Cycling.

Declare the system provides high efficiency of use of energy capacity condenser batteries for strengthening pulsed power electrical network. In all operating modes of the claimed system change in the voltage capacitor banks can occur in the working window from U max /2 to U max , that allows to use its energy resources with the coefficient of efficiency To e ≈0,65 in the mode of electric start, To e ≈0.35 in other modes of system operation. In comparison with the prototype increasing efficiency is achieved through the use of capacitor banks not only for electric start, but in the other modes of the system, which allows to solve the problem of improvement of quality of electric energy.

1. Power supply system that contains at least one segment of the electrical network, capacitor battery and at least one of the voltage transformer, capacitor connected between the battery and the electric network segment, characterized in that it introduced additional controller with entrance and at least one output, voltage Converter is made reversible and has control input associated with the output of the controller, on which input voltage condenser batteries and voltage Converter is designed so that the signal at the control input can change the parameters of their current-Voltage characteristics on the conclusions from the electric network segment, and the control system is made in such a way as to maintain the voltage condenser batteries near settings in the static mode of the electric network, and under dynamic disturbances in the electrical network does not significantly modify the signal its output.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the voltage Converter has Volt-Ampere characteristic on the conclusions from the segment of electric networks by the equation U n =U 0-R n I n , where U is n - output voltage, I n - output current, U 0 , R n - parameters of Volt-Ampere characteristics, and the absolute value of the output current is limited to the maximum in the field of positive and negative values, and the parameter U 0 can be changed to a limited extent by the signal at the control input voltage Converter.

3. The system of claim 1, characterized in that the regulator contains consistently associated measuring error, low pass filter, and at least one proportional link, the output of which is the controller output, and input of the meter mismatch is the input of the regulator and the set point is 0.8-0,95 maximum permissible voltage capacitor Bank.

4. The system in claim 3, wherein the regulator is made in the form of a microprocessor, and its elements are software modules, which can vary depending on the operation modes of the system.

5. The system of claim 1, characterized in that segment of the electrical network contains negative cable and the positive wire between which included a DC generator, battery, consumers of electricity and electric starter.

6. The system of claim 1, characterized in that it contains at least two segments of the electrical network and at least two Converter voltage capacitor connected between the battery and the segments of electric networks, which have a total negative cable and separate plus wire, and the regulator has two outputs associated with the control inputs voltage converters, one segment of the electrical network includes a DC generator and electricity consumers, and the other - in battery and starter, the nominal supply voltage is higher than that of consumers.

7. The system under item 5 or 6, characterized in that it includes an additional segment of the electrical network and additional voltage Converter included between the capacitor Bank and additional electric network segment that contains connector external power supply, the regulator has an additional output, connected with the control input voltage Converter.

8. The system under item 5 or 6, wherein each voltage Converter contains half-bridge Converter, consisting of a reactor and two electronic keys with diode reverse conductivity, connected in series and connected according to their total power output through the throttle to plusobama wire corresponding segment of the electrical network, and different power outputs - the conclusions of the capacitor banks, one of which is connected with negative wire segments of the electrical network, the current sensor throttle and control scheme with the possibility of width modulation control signals electronic keys with three entrances, the first of which is a control input voltage Converter, at the second signal current sensor throttle, and on the third - voltage corresponding segment of the electrical network or condenser batteries, which is chosen so that its maximum allowable voltage exceed the rated voltage segments of the electrical network in at least two times.