Method to manufacture dispersed-reinforced concrete products. RU patent 2511221.
 Method of making mineral wool article / 2506158Invention relates to production of mineral wool articles. Proposed method comprises making the primary carpet with binder, its displacement, marking said primary carpet to make sandwich carpet with primary carpet layers included at acute angle to sandwich carpet displacement, deformation of the latter in corrugation zone by compression over height and along displacement direction with changing the primary carpet layers. Sandwich carpet is deformed at displacement over corrugation zone at displacement speed of its lower layers higher than that of upper layers. Displacement speeds of said lower and upper layers are set in compliance with the relationship VL/VU=1+H/((L(1/tgα-1/tgψ)), where VL and VU are speeds of lower and upper layers, respectively; H is sandwich carper height; L is corrugation zone length; α and ψ are acute angles of primary carpet layers inclination in sandwich carpet relative to displacement direction before and after deformation. |
 Method of making mineral wool article / 2492044Invention relates to production of mineral wool articles. Proposed method comprises producing the fibers, forming primary mat in fiber deposition chamber and displacing it at speed V1. Additional loop is made in said primary mat before feeding id for zigzag arrangement. Primary mat length in additional loop is varied by magnitude equal to the difference in integral speeds of primary mat displacement in fiber deposition chamber V1 and circumferential speed of pendulum at the point of mat escape therefrom. Then, primary mat is fed for zigzag-like pendulum arrangement to make multilayer mat on conveyor to obtain mineral wool board to be heat treated thereafter. |
 Method of baking at low content of fiber for making plaster-fiber sheet / 2478470Invention relates to construction, namely, to method of fabricating plaster-fiber sheets. Method of making said sheets with cellulose fibers comprises adding first portion of cellulose fibers to gypsum before baking gypsum and fibers in reactor, adding second portion of said fibers to suspension after it gets out from reactor, arranging said suspension into a carpet, and finishing said carpet to produced finished plaster-fiber sheet. |
 Wood cement slab and method of its production (versions) / 2476650Wood cement slab comprises a rough relief on the surface, has multiple sheet layers, every of which contains cement, a material containing silicon dioxide, wood fibres and wood flour, besides, cement and the material containing silicon dioxide are contained at the mass ratio from 3:7 to 7:3, the wood flour is coated with calcium, and its particle size varies from 0.3 to 1.5 mm, and quantity of wood fibres and wood flour does not exceed 9 wt % relative to the total content of hard substances. Also the method is described to manufacture a wood cement slab. |
| Method of producing insulation article, mat from rude mineral cotton and method of its production / 2448830 Proposed method comprises adding two binding substances A and B in or after fabrication of mineral cotton fibers to make the mat of rude mineral cotton. At least, one binding substance B requires heating to definite curing temperature tB or higher while binding substance A cures or features ability of curing at tA lower than curing temperature tB (tA<tB). Mat of rude mineral cotton comprising two binding substances A and B is precured by heating it to temperature t1 lower than curing temperature tB of binding substance so that tA≤t1≤tB. Note here that cured is solely binding substance A that cures at lower curing temperature tA. Curing of formed insulation article containing binding substance B, not yet cured, and forming finished insulation article from mineral cotton is performed by heating it to curing temperature tB of second binding substance or to higher temperature so that binding substance B is cured. Invention covers also mat from rude mineral cotton and method of its fabrication. |
 Construction board suitable as carrier of facing tile / 2448222Flaky construction board consisting of the main layer (1), which, at least at one flat side has a coating that serves as a bearing layer (4). The bearing layer (4) includes at least three layers, namely, a thin transition layer (5) of a mortar, which is applied on the main layer (1), a layer (6) of a fibre glass cloth and a binding layer (7), made of a non-compressible hardened coating mortar with smoothened surface. |
 Ceiling panel with unevenly distributed binder / 2434102Ceiling panel includes a mat made of suspension with rated thickness from 1.25 to 1.9 cm and containing at least 75 wt % of mineral wool and 3 wt % of binder. The binder is substantially distributed along the mat thickness and serves to give strength of mineral wool fibres, having a zone with higher content of binder on the face side of the mat. This zone is characterised with content of the binder per unit of thickness that is considerably higher that the content of the binder per unit of thickness of the main part of the mat, approximately from 1/5 to ј of the total quantity of the binder. The remaining binder is distributed in the remaining part of the mat inside the zone with higher content of the binder, as a result the panel resistance to physical damage increases, while the total content of the binder in the panel is reduced. Another version of a ceiling panel is characterised. |
 Solid wall element of woodwool stabilised with cement / 2423230Construction elements for walls, containing cement-based woodwool and having slots arranged at the upper end and along the sides. Construction elements are made of a mixture of woodwool, cement and water with the weight ratio between woodwool and cement equal to 1:1.88 and 1:1.92, which is poured into steel moulds. Finished elements have density of 200-300 kg/m3. The system of low-rise buildings construction includes above-specified construction elements, which are connected at the sides with vertical concrete columns poured in situ, and also with a horizontal framing beam, which is poured in situ in the upper end of the element. The elements are placed on a foundation with the help of a guide made of a perforated plate and are fixed to it with the help of plaster. Roof timbers are fixed in the framing beam with the help of steel angle elements. |
 Laminated mat and method of producing laminated mat from mineral cotton / 2411120Invention relates to method of producing laminated mat from mineral cotton. Said method comprises first step of producing mineral cotton sheet 1 or mat wherein fibers 3 are arranged, in fact, along sheet or mat longer side. Said sheet or mat is cut into plates of required thickness by cutting across lengthwise direction of sheet or mat. Said plates are turned through 90° about their lengthwise axis and arranged abutting each other to produce laminar structure to be covered my material 4 to hold plates together for making laminar mat. Plates (2') are cut from mineral cotton sheet or mat at an angle whereat plate cut surface forms angle a varying from 20° to 70° relative to sheet or mat lengthwise plane. |
 Production line to fabricate vertical-laminar-structure articles directly from horizontal-laminar-structure carpet and method of its operation / 2389603Invention relates to appliances for manufacture of fibrous articles, particularly heat insulation laminar structures with vertical lamination and can be used in production of construction materials. Proposed production line comprises fiber settling chamber, feeding conveyor, lengthwise and crosswise cutting blades, duct to change fiber horizontal orientation into vertical orientation, assemblies to apply coat onto top and bottom surfaces of formed vertical lamination one-layer carpet, assemblies to adjust density and thickness of three-layer carpet, thermal treatment chamber to solidify laminar carpet and assembly to cut laminar carpet into finished products. Melting unit and fiber-forming unit are arranged ahead of fiber-settling chamber. Right behind thermal treatment chamber, arranged are assemblies to glue isolating and/or finishing coatings on surfaces of laminar solidified carpet. Assembly to pack finished products are arranged behind cutting assembly that comprises lengthwise and crosswise cutting blades. Assemblies to apply aforesaid coatings on laminar carpet surfaces can apply net-like reinforcing and/or finishing coatings. Thermal treatment chamber top and bottom intake conveyors incorporates speed controller to maintain fiber horizontal orientation in carpet being formed and to adjust carpet density. Thermal treatment intake belt transformer is made from flexible perforated materials that feature lower adhesion properties with respect to synthetic binder substances used in fabrication of fibrous carpet. The method of operation of production line is characterised. |
| Method for making large-size cement-fiber plates / 2250821 Method comprises steps of mixing cement, sand, micro-filler, reinforcing synthetic fibers, plasticizing additive and water; shaping and drying; using wollastonite as micro-filler. At first in turbulence mixer dry loose components such as cement, sand, wollastonite are mixed. Then reinforcing synthetic fibers are added and composition is mixed. Plasticizing additive and water are added at next relation of ingredients, mass.%: cement, 68 -81; sand, 9.5 -13.5; wollastonite, 9.25 - 12.50; synthetic reinforcing fibers, 0.16 -0.55; plasticizing additive, 0.38 -0.43; water, the balance. Articles are dried in air in natural condition. Polypropylene fibers are used as synthetic reinforcing fibers. Mixing of cement, sand and wollastonite in turbulence type mixer is realized during time period no more than 30 s at using water heated up to temperature no lower than 40°C. Size particle of wollastonite is in range 100 -170 micrometers. |
 Device for producing mineral wool article / 2277471Device for producing mineral wool articles has thermal treatment chamber provided with lower mesh transporter and two heating elements disposed at both sides of working branch of transporter. Device additionally has top mesh transporter which is shorter than lower one. Top transporter is disposed above the lower one in such a manner that its working branch that is adjacent to article to be shaped is disposed between two heating elements. Top and lower transporters are provided with additional heating elements disposed near non-working branch at the beginning of transporters on the way to drum. Device also has bunker for hydraulic mass equipped with feeder which provides production of layer of article to be shaped with preset thickness. |
 Method of manufacture of dispersely reinforced concrete items and structures / 2296670Proposed method includes delivery and placing of reinforced mix into forms, mounting twin electrodes in forms connected to electric current source, acting on mix by electric current of 0.2-5 kJ. Twin electrodes are arranged in pairs or singly in section where minimum content of dispersed reinforcement is required. |
 Method for producing part having electrically conducting path and made of initially paste like solidified material / 2302334Method for making part with electrically conducting path comprises steps of making part of paste like material; dispersing electrically conducting magnetized fibers and(or) granulated components in paste like material; applying magnetic field to part of past like material for forming from magnetized fibers electrically conducting layer embedded in part and extending at least along part of its length; providing solidification of part of past like material containing layer where electrically conducting is formed by moving stratifying member relative to part of past like material practically in parallel to front side of part and providing motion of magnetic field in circular direction relative to said stratifying member. |
 Method of filling space with heat insulating material / 2304507Method comprises applying the raw mixture for producing heat insulating material composed of filler made of mineral fibers and binder and heat treatment of the material at a temperature does not exceeding the temperature of melting of the filler. The raw mixture is made of a suspension of the filler in the binder made of a water gel, mass%,: .2.31-6,82 of mineral fibers made of a pieces of cloth or cotton, 92.93-97.49 of water or water solution of ethylene glycol, 0.125-0.136 of guar resin, 048 of borate solidification agent of guar resin, and 0.067 of gel stabilizer. The mixture is set in the space under the pressure until the density factor of the filler is no more than 8 with respect to the density of the initial cloth or cotton. The temperature of heat treatment is no less than the temperature of the guar resin decomposition. |
| Binder for heat-insulating fibrous articles / 2304565 Proposed binder contains the following components, mass-%: water glass at density of 1.36-1.457 g/cm3, 68-92; wetting agent OP-10 of 5-% concentration, 2-8; styrene-acryl emulsion RUSIN-14G of 45-50-% concentration, 6-24. |
 Method of making article from mineral slag cotton / 2307028Method comprises feeding the fiber of mineral slag to the conveyor, introducing a binder into the fibers to form a plate or strip of sheet material, and passing the product through two conveyors arranged in series to provide crumpling. |
| Method of preparation of mix for production of composite material and manufacture of decorative finishing and heat-insulating articles from this composite material / 2307814 Proposed method for preparation of fibrous cement material includes mixing of cement binder, sand, fibers, polymer binder, water plasticizing additive and pigment; surfactant is introduced into mix for fluffing of fibers; then, anti-foaming agent is introduced for reducing the amount of air pores. The ratio of components per 100 parts by mass of cement binder is as follows: 20-30 parts by mass of sand; 0.8-6 parts by mass of glass fibers, 12 and 6 mm long, 30% and 70% respectively; 3-10 parts by mass of polymer binder ACREMOS-512; 15-30 parts by mass of water; 0.5-1.5 parts by mass of superplasticizing agent C-3; 3-5 parts by mass of pigment; 0.01-0.03 parts by mass of PIONEER-128 superplasticizing agent and 0.03-0.8 parts by mass of PENTA-471 anti-foaming agent. First, water, plasticizing agent and surfactant are poured into mixer; then sand is poured and fibers are fluffed, after which pigment is introduced, polymer binder and anti-foaming agent are poured; then cement binder is poured and mixing is started. |
 Method of filling-up of the cavity in the product with the heat-insulating material / 2309840The invention is pertaining to the high-temperature technique, in particular, to manufacture of the thermal insulation by filling-up with the heat-insulating material of the cavity in the product, for example, in the unit of the guiding vanes or in the gas-turbine engine body. The technical result of the invention is the possibility of filling-up with the heat-insulating material of the cavities of the different cross-section and the curvature with the complex relief of the surfaces of the components forming the cavities and formation of the heat-insulating layer resistant against the long-term high-temperature and against the vibration impacts. The method of filling-up of the cavity in the product formed by the surfaces of the components composing the product provide for arrangement in the cavity at least of one component of the raw mixture for production of the heat-insulating material containing the filling agent made out of the mineral fiber or the vermiculite and the binding, drying of the applied raw mixture and the following thermal treatment after the product assemblage. In the capacity of the binding use the organic water-containing binding: the aqueous emulsion of the polyvinyl acetate with the concentration of 7-30 mass % or the aqueous gel with the contents of the guar gum of 0.06-1 mass %, at the following composition of the raw mixture (in mass %): the vermiculite - 43-45, the aqueous emulsion of polyvinyl acetate with the concentration of 7-30 mass % - 55-57 or the mineral fiber in the form of the fragments of the linen or the cotton-wool or the mat - 10-12, the aqueous gel with the contents of the guar gum of 0.06 - 1 mass % - 88-90. The raw mixture is arranged by pressing at the manual prepressure and the surface flattening. The drying is conducted at the temperature of 100-240°С with production of the layer adhered to the surface of the cavity. The thermal treatment after the assembling execute at the temperatures of no less than the temperature of decomposition of the organic water-containing binding. |
| Method of preparation of mix for production of composite material and method of manufacture of articles from such composite material / 2318778 Proposed method includes mixing of 100 parts by mass of cement, 0.8-8 parts by mass of reinforcing fibers, 10 parts by mass of micro-filler, 0.5-1.5 parts by mass of plasticizing additive, 14-20 parts by mass of water, 3-10 parts by mass of acryl copolymer, 0.5-1.5 parts by mass of hardening agent for acryl copolymer and 3-5 parts by mass of mineral pigment. First, liquid component is prepared in activator-mixer from water, plasticizing additive, reinforcing fibers, acryl copolymer, acryl copolymer hardening agent and mineral pigment; then, reinforcing fiber is subjected to fluffing-up, after which micro-filler is introduced in the amount of 15-35% of total amount of cement required for preparation of mix. Then, liquid component is transferred to planetary mixer where it is mixed with cement or with its remaining part till working consistency of mix. Used as plasticizing additive is super-plasticizing agent C-3 on base of naphthalenesulfonic acid and formaldehyde; used as acryl copolymer is acryl monomer emulsion МБМ-5C; used as acryl copolymer hardening agent is lime; used as micro-filler is micro-silica at average diameter of granules of 0.3-3.0 mcm; used as reinforcing fibers are glass fibers at addition of 10-15% of fine asbestos fibers of Grade 4-5 or fluffed-up cellulose. For realization of this method, use is made of molds with flexible pans. |
FIELD: construction.
SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction, namely, to methods of manufacturing of dispersed-reinforced products. The method for dispersed-reinforced concrete products includes laying of a concrete mixture with layer thickness and filling of the layers with fibres, so that its longitudinal axis is perpendicular to the cross section of the product. The outer layers are filled with large amount of the fibres, compared to the inner ones, and the central layer is not filled with the fibres.
EFFECT: invention will make it possible to increase strength of concrete products when bent under action of vertical load.
1 dwg, 1 tbl
The invention relates to the construction industry and can be used at the enterprises for production of concrete products.
Known method of preparation of polystyrene concrete mix (RU 2309134, SW 8/10, publ. 21.10.2007), including preliminary mixing of foam polystyrene, basalt fiber and additives together with a part of tempering water, then add the Portland cement and water, mixing and molding volume vibropressing. At low density reinforced mixture rather high durability of products under compression. The disadvantage of this method is the chaotic nature of the fiber distribution over the thickness of the product and as a consequence of the formation of a chaotic mass. This leads to low durability of products in bending.
Known method of preparing the modified concrete mix (EN 2397069, VS 5/40, publ. 20.08.2010), including mixing Portland cement mixer, steel fibre, filler, plasticizing additives and mixing water. Due to mixing in the mixer and all components together, fiber distributed throughout the volume of the product chaotic, which leads to low durability of products in bending.
Closest to the claimed is the way (SU 876431, WV 1/52, publ. 30.10.1981), in which the supply of concrete mixture and fibre is performed sequentially, with fibre in the process of filing cut and laid out by moving points cut their relation to each other in the direction perpendicular section of a product. When molding products on its thickness layout fibre constant, Flexural strength for the outer layers of the product, intermediate layers and neutral cross-section is constant as well.
However, when bending products, such as reinforced concrete beams under external vertical load, the voltage on the thickness of the beam vary linearly
σ = 0,2 + 23 Z 0,5 h ,where s is the change in strength as the thickness of the product,
Z is the vertical coordinate,
h - thickness of the product.
The upper layers of the beam are experiencing compression, and the lower strength.
Maximum voltage occur in areas that are most remote from the neutral line, i.e. in the upper and lower layers thickness of the beam.
Flexural strength is also not constant thickness of the product.
The invention solves the problem of increase of durability of concrete products bending under the vertical load.
This is achieved by the manufacturer dispersion-reinforced concrete products is carried out by layer in the thickness laying of concrete mixture and fill layers of fiber so that the longitudinal axis is perpendicular to the cross-section of the product, and the outer layers fill a large number of fibre, than internal, and the Central layer fibre does not contain.
Filling the outer layers of the product by the number of fibres greater than in the interior, allows to strengthen these layers as exposed to great stresses tension or compression than the inner layers, and thus to increase strength in bending of a beam under the action of external vertical load.
Lack of fibre in the Central layer is because when bending products under external vertical load of the Central layer is neutral, voltage in it practically absent, and this layer hardening is not required.
The invention is illustrated by drawings, where it is shown multi-layer concrete beam bending under the vertical load. Here R - vertical load, h is the thickness of the product.
Concrete beam consists of the external bottom layer 1, the internal intermediate layer 2, innermost layer 3, the internal intermediate layer 4, external upper layer 5.
The method is as follows.
For the formation of the external bottom layer 1 in the formwork beams fall asleep about 30-40% of the total number of fibre so that the longitudinal axis is perpendicular transverse section of a product, and then in the casing serves a concrete mix. After shvatyvanija the bottom layer of concrete formwork raise and form a layer 2: fall asleep fibre approximately 10-20% of the total number of fibre, then pour the concrete mix. Curing of concrete longitudinal axis of the fiber cross section perpendicular to the product. The Central layer 3 only form of concrete mixture, fibre its not fill. Internal intermediate layer 4 form similar to the layer 2. External upper layer 5 form similar to layer 1. Depending on the geometric dimensions of the product and the brand of concrete mix the number of layers can be 5 or more. As Balka operates on compression and tension about the same, it is advisable layers to do the same thickness.
Example.Manufactured concrete beams in length 5950 mm, width 200 mm, thickness of 570 mm
Used steel fibre length of 20-30 mm in diameter 5-12 mm
The product was tested for strength, tensile and compression when bending.
The results are given in the table.
TableThe distribution layer thickness products
The number of fibre of its total volume, %
ProductPrototype
Tensile strength in bending, MPa
Compressive strength in bending, MPa
Tensile strength in bending, MPa
Compressive strength in bending, MPa
5 - external top
30 - 23,1 - 11,34 - internal intermediate
20 - 11 - 11,33 - internal Central
0 0,2 0,2 - -2 - internal intermediate
20 11,3 - 11,31 - external bottom
30 23,2 - 11,3Tests showed that the bending of the product under the vertical load the strength in the zone of compression is 23-30 MPa, elongation zone - 23-25 MPa. The table shows that during forming of the product by the present method the tensile strength in bending the top layer is increased by 52.1 per cent for the lower layer - by 50.4%.
Method of manufacture of dispersion-reinforced concrete products by layer in the thickness laying of concrete mixture and fill layers of fiber so that the longitudinal axis is perpendicular transverse section of a product, wherein the outer layers fill a large number of fibre, than internal, and the Central layer fibre not fill.