Device for generation of mechanical pulse of pressure by electric explosion of foil. RU patent 2511027.
 Method to test mechanical properties of structural materials under conditions of shock stress and device for its realisation / 2507498Flat shock wave is formed, which acts symmetrically and simultaneously in two opposite directions, in one of which there is a tested sample. Simultaneously they record kinematic parameters of a shock wave that spreads in the tested sample, and a shock wave that spreads in the direction opposite to the tested sample, afterwards using their difference they define mechanical properties of the tested structural material. |
 Device to record profiles of speed of free surface of samples under higher temperatures / 2497096Device comprises a base, on which there is a flat-shaped sample 2 of a material, a striker 3 to form an impact wave in the sample 2 in the form of an aluminium disc, which is installed at the distance above the base with the sample, a generator 5 of a flat impact wave to speed up the striker 3, comprising an explosive charge with a paraffin insert, initiated from a detonator, at the same time the device is equipped with a heater 7 with smooth adjustment of spiral heating temperature, enclosed into a ceramic vessel, and which via a metal plate 8 is pressed to the surface of the sample 2, and a thermocouple 9, located between them. The ceramic body of the heater 7 is made with a central hole for passage of a probing beam 10 of a laser in an interferometric speed meter. |
 Method of determining spallation strength of materials to tearing under impact conditions / 2491530Sample of the test material is impacted with oblique shock wave. The fact of spalling of finite thickness is recorded with a pulse penetrating radiation, as well as the shape of the front and rear boundaries of spalling and the shape of the shock wave front. From the unloaded side of the sample layer of material is placed on it, which acoustic impedance is less than the acoustic impedance of the test sample material, and the layer thickness is (1/4…1/2) the thickness of the sample material. A pair of corresponding to each other values of the value of spallation strength of the test material is obtained by the formula and the rate of deformation of the material in the area of tearing. In a series of experiments with different materials of layer the dependence of spallation strength on the rate of deformation of the test material is obtained. |
 Method and device for component mechanical tests / 2442122FIELD: impact tests. SUBSTANCE: dynamic impact is applied to a tested component and then the condition of the said component is evaluated. During the dynamic impact an additional load is applied to the tested component. This load imitates the inertial-elastic force of neighbouring components of the shell which comprises the tested component. The stand comprises a movable table with fastening elements for the tested component and the dynamic impact device. The table is fitted with an inertial-elastic force device made in the form of a flexible element installed between the movable table and the tested component, this element is fastened to the table. The flexible element hardness is equal to the hardness of neighbouring shell components through which the dynamic impact is applied to the tested component under normal conditions. The inertial mass applied to the flexible element is equal to the inertial mass applied to the neighbouring shell components through which the dynamic impact is applied to the tested component under normal conditions. EFFECT: making the test conditions as close as possible to normal working conditions, expanded functionality due to the increase of the reproduced acceleration amplitude. 2 cl, 2 dwg |
 Method of determining type and behaviour of failure of construction materials during impact-wave loading / 2394222Method of determining type and behaviour of failure of materials of target barriers during impact-wave loading involves determination of specific mechanical momentum per unit area of the target barrier; determination of parametres of the target barrier: thickness, density of the material and speed of sound in the material; determination of type and behaviour of failure from the integrated factor of the loading condition, which is calculated using the formula: , where JM is the specific mechanical momentum; ρ0 and C0 are density and sound speed, respectively, for the material of the target barrier in the initial state; H is thickness of the target barrier. If η<0.1, there is no failure, if 0.1<η<0.5 there is spallation destruction and if η>0.5 there is end-to-end penetration. |
 Device for generation of mechanical pulse of pressure by electric explosion of foil / 2377532Invention is related to loading devices for creation of short-term intense pressure pulses and may be used to detect mechanical properties of materials in extreme loading conditions (high pressures and speeds of deformation). Device consists of capacitance battery and loading unit, which represents direct and reverse current distributors. As reverse current distributor, current-conducting busbar is used, which consists of section arranged below level of exploded foil, and current in it flows in opposite direction to current of exploded foil, section, axis of symmetry of which passes through plane of exploded foil and direction of current in which coincides to direction of exploded foil current, and also sections, which join upper and lower sections of reverse current conductor. Distance to reverse current conductor, its height, depth of location of reverse current-conductor lower part and length of upper part of reverse current conductor are selected provided that magnetic field intensity value at foil border is equal to zero. |
 Stand for testing high-intensity impact effects on devices and equipment / 2354951Present invention pertains to test engineering and can be used in testing high-intensity impact effects on various devices. The device consists of a honeycomb panel for fitting in the test device and impact effect sources, made in form of multi-layered shock-absorbing bars with pyrotechnic devices. The layers are made from materials with different acoustic compliance. The shock-absorbing bars with pyrotechnic devices are joined to the honeycomb panel by an adapter. The set of layers-inserts of the shock-absorbing bar comprises at least one washer, made from a honeycomb panel, the outer and inner diametres of casings of which coincide with the outer and inner diametres of adjoining inserts. The impact strength of the washer is less than the impact strength of adjoining inserts. Total cross-sectional area of the honeycombs of the washer is calculated using a formula. |
 Method of testing impact effects on spacecraft / 2354950Present invention relates to testing techniques and can be used for testing high-intensity impact effects on rocket and space systems. The method involves obtaining a shock pulse from flight pyro-devices and pyro-device equivalents before carrying out impact tests on the spacecraft. An acceleration shock spectrum is obtained at the test point of the shock table, after which, from the pyro-device equivalents, a pyro-device is chosen, with minimum difference of the shock pulse and the acceleration shock spectrum from the shock pulse and acceleration shock spectrum of the flight pyro-device. Using the chosen pyro-device equivalent, impact tests are carried out on the spacecraft. |
 Electroexplosive device for shock wave generation / 2343449Invention refers to impulse technology, specifically to generation of pulse pressure with conductor electric explosion to generate short shock wave with high pressure amplitude, and can be used for bulk sample testing for pulse surface action resistance, blank deformations, synthesis of ultra-hard material, etc. The technical result is reached by that comparing to the common device containing dielectric case, foil electrically exploded conductor, dielectric layer and sample, the declared device includes the case which is at least two-layered. Layer external for the sample is monolithic, while inside layer is made of porous material of different thickness, and the sample is gapped with dielectric layer. |
 Method of high-intensity shock testing of devices and equipment / 2335748Method consists in shock loading of tested object using pyrotechnic devices with preset shock acceleration spectra followed by acceleration recording in control points. Originally pyrotechnic devices are exploded in immediate proximity from attachment point, thus shock is transferred to tested object only through air environment. Then accelerations generated by air shock waves are recorded, and shock acceleration spectra from air shock waves are received in control points. Thereafter tested object is connected to pyrotechnic device and shock loading is applied. Then shock acceleration spectra are received in control points generated by net effect of strain wave and air shock waves. Net effect shock acceleration spectra are isolated from air shock waves spectra. It allows for conclusion as to size of shock acceleration spectrum generated by strain waves propagating along the tested object. |
 Method of testing devices and equipment for high-intensive shock / 2262679Method is based upon shock loading of tested object. Shock is created by means of special pyrotechnic devices with predetermined shock spectrum of accelerations, which cover over required shock spectrum of accelerations. Then distance from pyrotechnic devices to tested object is measured at which distance registered shock spectrum of acceleration is narrower than required one. Number of points of application off shock is determined afterwards and shock is created in those points. Achieved shock spectra of accelerations in all the inspection points are compared with required shock spectrum of accelerations and number of pyrotechnic devices and areas of their installation are corrected if needed. Procedure is repeated until required shock spectrum of accelerations is provided in all the inspection points. |
 Test-bench for testing devices and equipment on highly intensive striking effects / 2269105The test-bench for testing has a vibrating table and arrangements for fastening of the apparatus hanged out on flexible cables. As an arrangement a honeycomb panel with insertions is used for installation of the tested equipment and the sources of striking effects fulfilled in the shape of multi layer cushioning rods with pyrotechnic arrangements. The cushioning rod is connected with the honeycomb panel through an adapter fulfilled in the shape of a cup on a cylindrical leg entering as a bushing into the cylindrical opening of the insertion. The inner walls of the cup are mated with the mating part of the cushioning rod with the help of a screwed joining. |
 Device for experimental development of separating jet projectiles / 2285892The device has a mock-up of the nose cone with the separation compartment and a mock-up of the rocket section which are positioned on a tray-type rigid base. The base is made in the form of inner and outer channel-type support guides symmetrically fastened to one another by the bases and engageable by side shelves with the surfaces of the mock-ups of the nose cone and rocket section of the projectile in the vertical and horizontal directions. The device is provided with brake blocks positioned on the base before the mock-ups of the separating parts at distances corresponding to the acceleration paths of the separating parts in the trajectory. The brake blocks are made in the form of cylinders, whose end face surfaces are provided with axisymmetric inner and outer cone-shaped fixing surfaces. The mass of the brake blocks is selected from the condition of provision of axial g-loads not exceeding the allowable values, and the quantity of the brake blocks is selected from a definite relation. |
 Combined stand for high-intensity shock testing / 2335747Invention can be used for high-intensity shock testing of various systems consisting of functionally connected devices. The device consists of shaker, shock sources, equipment holding fixture put up on flexible cables, with attached equipment and recording detectors, adapter for multilayer break rods joining with equipment holding fixture. Shock sources are multilayer break rods equipped with pyrotechnic devices. Equipment holding fixture, break rods and shaker are represented with truncated flanged conic casing. Thus multilayer break rods equipped with pyrotechnic devices are fastened to flange at equipment holding points within greater base area, and shaker is fastened to flange within smaller base of truncated cone. |
| Method of high-intensity shock testing of devices and equipment / 2335748 Method consists in shock loading of tested object using pyrotechnic devices with preset shock acceleration spectra followed by acceleration recording in control points. Originally pyrotechnic devices are exploded in immediate proximity from attachment point, thus shock is transferred to tested object only through air environment. Then accelerations generated by air shock waves are recorded, and shock acceleration spectra from air shock waves are received in control points. Thereafter tested object is connected to pyrotechnic device and shock loading is applied. Then shock acceleration spectra are received in control points generated by net effect of strain wave and air shock waves. Net effect shock acceleration spectra are isolated from air shock waves spectra. It allows for conclusion as to size of shock acceleration spectrum generated by strain waves propagating along the tested object. |
| Electroexplosive device for shock wave generation / 2343449 Invention refers to impulse technology, specifically to generation of pulse pressure with conductor electric explosion to generate short shock wave with high pressure amplitude, and can be used for bulk sample testing for pulse surface action resistance, blank deformations, synthesis of ultra-hard material, etc. The technical result is reached by that comparing to the common device containing dielectric case, foil electrically exploded conductor, dielectric layer and sample, the declared device includes the case which is at least two-layered. Layer external for the sample is monolithic, while inside layer is made of porous material of different thickness, and the sample is gapped with dielectric layer. |
| Method of testing impact effects on spacecraft / 2354950 Present invention relates to testing techniques and can be used for testing high-intensity impact effects on rocket and space systems. The method involves obtaining a shock pulse from flight pyro-devices and pyro-device equivalents before carrying out impact tests on the spacecraft. An acceleration shock spectrum is obtained at the test point of the shock table, after which, from the pyro-device equivalents, a pyro-device is chosen, with minimum difference of the shock pulse and the acceleration shock spectrum from the shock pulse and acceleration shock spectrum of the flight pyro-device. Using the chosen pyro-device equivalent, impact tests are carried out on the spacecraft. |
| Stand for testing high-intensity impact effects on devices and equipment / 2354951 Present invention pertains to test engineering and can be used in testing high-intensity impact effects on various devices. The device consists of a honeycomb panel for fitting in the test device and impact effect sources, made in form of multi-layered shock-absorbing bars with pyrotechnic devices. The layers are made from materials with different acoustic compliance. The shock-absorbing bars with pyrotechnic devices are joined to the honeycomb panel by an adapter. The set of layers-inserts of the shock-absorbing bar comprises at least one washer, made from a honeycomb panel, the outer and inner diametres of casings of which coincide with the outer and inner diametres of adjoining inserts. The impact strength of the washer is less than the impact strength of adjoining inserts. Total cross-sectional area of the honeycombs of the washer is calculated using a formula. |
| Device for generation of mechanical pulse of pressure by electric explosion of foil / 2377532 Invention is related to loading devices for creation of short-term intense pressure pulses and may be used to detect mechanical properties of materials in extreme loading conditions (high pressures and speeds of deformation). Device consists of capacitance battery and loading unit, which represents direct and reverse current distributors. As reverse current distributor, current-conducting busbar is used, which consists of section arranged below level of exploded foil, and current in it flows in opposite direction to current of exploded foil, section, axis of symmetry of which passes through plane of exploded foil and direction of current in which coincides to direction of exploded foil current, and also sections, which join upper and lower sections of reverse current conductor. Distance to reverse current conductor, its height, depth of location of reverse current-conductor lower part and length of upper part of reverse current conductor are selected provided that magnetic field intensity value at foil border is equal to zero. |
| Method of determining type and behaviour of failure of construction materials during impact-wave loading / 2394222 Method of determining type and behaviour of failure of materials of target barriers during impact-wave loading involves determination of specific mechanical momentum per unit area of the target barrier; determination of parametres of the target barrier: thickness, density of the material and speed of sound in the material; determination of type and behaviour of failure from the integrated factor of the loading condition, which is calculated using the formula: , where JM is the specific mechanical momentum; ρ0 and C0 are density and sound speed, respectively, for the material of the target barrier in the initial state; H is thickness of the target barrier. If η<0.1, there is no failure, if 0.1<η<0.5 there is spallation destruction and if η>0.5 there is end-to-end penetration. |
FIELD: test equipment.
SUBSTANCE: invention relates to loading devices for creation of short-term intense pressure pulses and may be used for determination of mechanical properties of materials under extreme conditions of loading (high pressures and speeds of deformation). In the proposed device the reverse current conductors have configuration and location, which provide for compensation of impact of a compressing magnetic field, generated by current, flowing in ruptured sectors of foil, with a magnetic field, generated by current, flowing along reverse current conductors, at the same time the foil electrically ruptured conductor is made in the form of a loaded surface in the form of sectors for development of a mechanical pressure pulse distributed according to a cosine law.
EFFECT: creation of an electric rupture device, which removes limitations on the shape of a tested sample and expands area of its use with the possibility of profiling a pressure pulse along loading surface for reproduction of pulse loads distributed along amplitude.
2 dwg
The invention relates to the technique of creation of pulse pressure by electric explosion of a conductor for the formation of a short-term shock wave with a high amplitude of pressure and can be used for testing samples of complex shape (cylinder, cone and others) the strength of pulsed surface effects.
A device for creation of low-intensity pulsed loads short duration using electric explosion of conductors (PCI) [1], consisting of a capacitor Bank capacity and load node representing direct and reverse connectors (FROM)separated film insulator made of lavsan, as a direct current conducting wire is used, the exploding conductor and as a reverse - copper foil placed under the direct current conducting wire. The disadvantage of this device is that the return conductors affect the parameters of the generated mechanical pulse pressure and creates reflected by electric explosion of a second shock wave on the tested specimen.
It is also known device for electrical explosion of foils, consisting of capacitor Bank capacity combined with explosive magnetic generator, and node load representing the supply and return ducts located in the same plane, as a direct current conducting wire is used, the exploding conductor and as a reverse - two copper busbar located equidistant from the sides of exploding foil, and the current in the forward and reverse flows parallel conductors and in opposite directions [2]. A disadvantage of this scheme is that it does not allow for profiled distribution pulse loads on the surface of the loaded sample.
A device for mechanical pressure pulse by electroexplosion foil under the patent №2377532 from 25.07.2008, in which special design of reverse current conducting wire allowed to compensate the deformation (twist) elektroprijenos foil when passing through her current pulse. Reverse conductors is located equidistant from the sides of foil, and the current in it flows parallel to and in the same direction with the current in foil. Distance to reverse current conducting wire choose, proceeding from the condition of equality to zero values of magnetic field on the border foil order to obtain uniform distribution of mechanical pulse on the surface of the loaded sample electroexplosion foil. The disadvantage of this device is that loading the element can only be flat sample, although the main structural elements of technical objects are cylindrical shell (shell, cut etc).
Closest to the proposed device (prototype) is electroexplosive the device for creation of a shock wave on patent №2343449 from 21.11.2007, on samples cylindrical form, a containing the purpose of profiling (changes) of the amplitude of the pulse pressure on the sample surface of the difficult form of a dielectric body, foil electric exploding conductor, missile dielectric layer of polyethylene sheet and sample, while the body is made of at least two layers, the outer layer of monolithic and internal diametrically layer is made of different thickness of porous material and mounted with clearance to the tested sample. The disadvantages of this explosive device are the complexity of its implementation, due to the difficulty of acceleration plots polyethylene layers of different thickness and ensure the simultaneity of load application on the test sample.
The invention is aimed at getting profiled in the amplitude distribution of the generated mechanical pulse on the surface of the loaded sample.
The technical result is the creation of electroexplosive devices, removing restrictions on the form of the test sample and expanding the scope of its use, with the possibility of profiling pressure pulse on the surface of loading to play distributed by amplitude pulse loads.
The technical result is achieved in that the proposed device, the reverse current distributors have a configuration and location providing compensation for the impact compression of a magnetic field generated by the current flowing through the shattered sectors foil, magnetic field generated by the current flowing in the opposite conductors, with foil electrically exploding conductor is made in the form of loaded the surface in the form of sectors for mechanical pressure pulse, distributed according to the cosine law.
As a direct current conducting wire is used exploding foil sector, and as a reverse - conductive bus, consisting of plots located above the level exploding foil, current, which flows in the opposite direction of the current exploding foil, and sites linking exploding foil and reverse conductors.
The device is the simultaneous explosion of several parallel partitioned foil plots due to the structure of the inverse of the conductors in the chain of discharge to prevent the appearance of reflected from the electrical explosion of shock waves and to hold simultaneous explosion separate sectors (sections) of the foil.
The scheme of realization of the device is presented in figure 1, which shows: generator, consisting of cumulative capacity C, inductance L, managed discharger P and load unit, including 1 - loaded sample, 2 - exploding foil, 3 - a direct current conducting wire, 4 - reverse conductors.
Reverse conductors in electroexplosive device forms a surface, equidistant (equidistant) of loaded constructions, and made in the form of thin rods to prevent the emergence of the reflected shock waves. The distance between the terminals is selected from the calculation so that the component of the magnetic field in exploding foil was equal to zero.
The site of loading of samples by electric explosion of a foil provides a rigid fixation of the test item by using disks, accommodation foil on the surface and the use of reverse current conducting wire in the form of rods to avoid re-loading of the sample reflected shock wave and twisting foil before electroexplosion.
Special design of reverse current conducting wire site loading allows to compensate twisting elektroprijenos foil when passing through her current pulse. Reverse conductors is located equidistant from direct current conducting wire and current in it flows in parallel or in the opposite direction of the current in foil, which ensures the uniformity of the current on the foil.
Operation is as follows.
First, establish and fix exploding foil 2 in the load, carry out the charge of the cumulative capacity of the generator voltage source, then perform the triggered managed discharger P and discharge capacity, creating at the load current I flowing consistently direct current conducting wire, 3, exploding foil 2 and rods reverse current conducting wire 4, leading to the electric explosion of foils and generate mechanical pressure pulse.
By electroexplosion foil of different thickness at different sectors created a variety of impulse effects on the test sample in different parts of its surface. It allows you to play the mechanical action on one side loading the sample. The electrical explosion sectors creates nested layout pressure on the sample surface, you can use perforated foil to ensure a smooth decline of the pulse on the angular coordinate.
Management of electrical explosion is the selection of the power electric discharge installation, application of solid and perforated foil of different thickness, increase of pressure in the Central sector by limiting the amount of around foil plastic film (selection of scattering), reducing pressure in extreme sectors using foam wedge (damper). The set of methods allows you to adjust the amplitude distribution of the values of the pulse on the surface of the loaded sample in a wide range. Thus, direct conductors (exploding foil) can be run from a single sheet of foil, having sectors with different coefficients of perforation (Figo) or of several bonded layers of foil with perforation in the extreme parts (FIVB), while the number of layers and the size of the perforation holes estimated in the design of electroexplosive devices.
The use of reverse current conducting wire, this configuration provides the minimum value of magnetic field on the external border of exploding foil, and therefore, the uniformity of the distribution of current in foil, thereby eliminating the effect of compression of current in the conductor. Distance to reverse conductors, number of terminals in it, their sizes are selected proceeding from a condition of equality to zero values of the magnetic field in foil.
Implementation of the declared device are conducted using installation 12 TSNII MO RF Zenit-To" with the following parameters:
- maximum charging voltage of 50 kV;
- capacity - 288 international film festival;
- inductance discharge circuit - 5,5 mH;
- resistance discharge circuit - 0,023 Ohms.
Advantage of the suggested device is receiving shock waves electrically exploding foil placed in direct contact with the test sample. This allows to study the character of deformation of materials under conditions of their work in actual structures.
Sources of information
1. Pavlovsky A.I, Calincov V., Pospelov B.L., Novikov S. A. Generation of mechanical impulse electric explosion of conductors. // Physics of combustion and explosion. 1983. T. №3. S.124-126.
2. Anderjanov E.K., Deunov I.I., Zotov NI, Khristoforov D. The dependence of the parameters of electrical explosion of foils and subsequent discharge in the air from the supplied power. // Journal of technical physics. 1989. Vol. 59. Q.8 P.17-23.
Devices for generation of mechanical pressure pulse electric explosion of foils, consisting of a capacitor Bank and node load representing the supply and return ducts, wherein as a direct current conducting wire is used foil electrically exploding conductor, made in the form of loaded the sample surface in the form of sectors to create profiled in the amplitude of the pulse pressure, as a return of conductors is used conductive bus, consisting of thin rods spaced equidistant over exploding foil and current which flows in the opposite direction of the current exploding foil.