Active phase changer (versions). RU patent 2510980.
 Stripline load / 2510901Invention relates to microwave equipment, particularly devices for summation (division) of microwave signals, and can be used to sum up (divide) microwave signals in feeder circuits of communication equipment, radar devices, television and measuring equipment. A microwave signal adder, having a symmetrical tee, having an output arm, two input quarter-wave arms situated on opposite sides of the output arm, includes parallel-connected switching diodes which are connected at a distance equal to a quarter of the wavelength from the branch point of the tee, and the output arm is in form of a quarter-wave section of a coupled line, for which switching electrodes are further connected in parallel at both ends of the secondary line. |
 Small-sized phase shifter of microwave range / 2510551Small-sized phase shifter of microwave range includes a microstrip line located on dielectric material and ferroelectric capacitors on a dielectric substrate, which are arranged between its current and earth conductors, and differs by the fact that dielectric material is represented with a diamond plate; the dielectric substrate is made from monocrystalline magnesium oxide with crystalline orientation (100), and as ferroelectric material there used is a film of barium-strontium titanate (Ba1-xSrxTiO3) with thickness of 20±5 nm, where x=0.2±0.01. |
 Phase changer / 2510106Phase changer, having a dielectric substrate on which is deposited a ferroelectric film and a four-slot line, having outer waveguide electrodes and inner control electrodes, is formed, wherein on the part of the dielectric substrate on which the ferroelectric film deposited, there are contact areas for applying voltage, areas for continuation of the waveguide electrodes and coplanar lines which connect the control electrodes of the slot line with the contact areas, wherein the centre control electrode is connected through a quarter-wave section to a first contact area, which is electrically connected to areas for continuation of the waveguide electrodes, and each control electrode neighbouring the centre electrode is connected to a second contact area through a series connection of two quarter-wave sections, parameters of the first of which are equal to parameters of the quarter-wave section connected to the centre control electrode, and parameters of the second quarter-wave section are selected based on the condition of maximum reflection of the operating signal. |
 Method of filtering background infrared radiation / 2510056Method of filtering background infrared radiation incident on a superconductor single-photon detector involves transmitting infrared radiation with wavelength of 0.4-1.8 mcm to the superconductor single-photon detector using a single-mode fibre which is partially at temperature of 4.0-4.4 K, wherein the length of the cooled section of the single-mode fibre is 0.2-3.5 m. |
 Contact microwave switch / 2509395Contact microwave switch comprises inlet and outlet slots, a central strip rigidly connected to central conductors of inlet and outlet slots, grounding plates, electrically connected with external conductors of inlet and outlet slots, and dielectric plates installed between the central strip and grounding plates, grounding plates jointly with dielectric plates may move. At the same time between the grounding plates and the external conductors of inlet and outlet slots there is a dielectric gasket, and dielectric plates installed between the central strip and grounding plates are made at least from two composite parts, having different dielectric constants. |
 Protective microwave device / 2504871Protective microwave device has a centre conductor, one end of which is meant for input of a microwave signal and the other for output, a transmission line section connected to said centre conductor, a semiconductor device in form of a Schottky-barrier field-effect transistor connected to the other end of the transmission line section, a resistor connected in parallel to the semiconductor device, a capacitor and an inductor; the transmission line section is in form of a section of a single transmission line whose length is equal to one eighth of the wavelength in the transmission line section at the centre frequency of the operating frequency band, and whose wave impedance is equal to twice the wave impedance of the centre conductor, wherein values of the capacitor C and inductor L and resistance of the resistor are selected in accordance with given relationships. |
 Broadband microstrip bandpass filter / 2504870Microstrip filter has a dielectric substrate on one side of which an earthed base is deposited and on the second side of which parallel straight strip conductors of resonators are deposited, said conductors being connected electromagnetically and inductively, and additional strip conductors whose lateral sides are connected to neighbouring resonators. Only conductors of external resonators are short-circuited by one end. The additional strip conductors are open-circuited. |
 Microwave switch based on pin diodes with filter properties / 2504869Device comprises: separating capacitors in series LC oscillatory decoupling circuits (C1, C4, C7); circuit capacitors in parallel LC oscillatory filter circuits (C2, C5, C8); circuit capacitors in parallel LC oscillatory decoupling circuits (C3, C6); blocking capacitors (C9, C10); inductors in series LC oscillatory decoupling circuits (L1, L4, L7); inductors in parallel LC oscillatory filter circuits (L2, L5, L8); inductors in parallel LC oscillatory decoupling circuits (L3, L6); limiting resistors (R1, R2, R3); PIN diodes (VD1, VD2, VD3, VD4); signal terminals of the device (11, 12, 13); control voltage sources (26, 27). |
 Band-rejection filter / 2498464Band-rejection filter consists of high-Q ceramic resonators and contains the main current-carrying conductor located at one side of dielectric substrate while at its other side there are sections of strip conductors having connection through the face with the main current-carrying conductor and galvanic coupling with ceramic resonators. At that location of spurious rejection band depends on thickness of dielectric substrate. |
 Multistrip device for connection and separation of transfer and reception with wide frequency band of ocd type for ultra-high frequency telecommunication antenna / 2497242Invention refers to a multistrip connection device of emission and reception with very wide frequency bandpass of orthomode connection device (OCD) type, which is intended for ultra-high frequency telecommunication antenna. Connection device includes port (P1) of propagation of the whole complex of frequencies, a housing and port (P2) of propagation of frequency bands of high frequency. With that, those three parts are coaxial, and communication slots (24A) intended for propagation of low frequency bands are made in the above housing, and each of those slots is connected to the waveguide, and the same device differs by the fact that its housing (24) combining two of the above ports represents the shape of a rotation body, the profile of which varies in compliance with a polynomial law and constantly reduces from port (P1) having maximum cross-section to port (P2) having minimum cross-section. |
 Microwave diode shunt-fed antenna polyplexer / 2244989Proposed polyplexer designed for alternate connection of receiver and transmitter to multielement transceiving antenna such as phased array has its pin-diodes connected in series-parallel circuit of transmission line incorporating quarter-wavelength sections for on-off operation in transmit-receive mode without feeding control currents; switching section of transmission line such as that of microstrip feeder line of phased array is connected in composite four-channel circuit where transmitter output is connected through quarter-wavelength matching transformer and common microwave power distribution point to four antenna radiators, respectively, using diode shorted out by compensating inductance coil and series-connected between common point of microwave power distribution and antenna radiator, one diode per radiator; each antenna radiator is connected, in its turn, to respective input of receiver through two quarter-wavelength microstrip sections provided with grounded diodes parallel-connected at boundary of each section, one diode per radiator, two microstrip components such as those in the form of feeder line sections of wave impedance higher by 20 - 30% than that of main feeder line being separated symmetrically with respect to point of connection of each diode to boundary of quarter-wavelength section of two microstrip components. |
 Differential microwave phase shifter / 2246780Proposed differential microwave phase shifter has phase-shifting channel on single stub-supported transmission line and communication line; single transmission line is made in the form of odd number of alternating sections of homogeneous transmission lines interconnected in symmetrical cascade with wave impedances p and p0; lengths of sections having wave impedance p are monotonously increasing and those of sections whose wave impedance is p0 are monotonously reducing toward center of single line, stub being inserted in middle of central section and its length being shorter than that of central section; p0 equals wave impedance of inlet lines. |
 Radio transmission device / 2246782Proposed device has part free to turn about fixed part and provided with metering means incorporating antennas radially directed to fixed antenna. The latter has two pairs of circuits running over two concentric circumferences with circuit leads being in spaced relation to each another so as to endure that signals radiated by antenna always arrived at one of circuit pairs to ensure reception of well discernible signal. |
 Diode phase shifter / 2247447Proposed heavy-power pin diode phase shifter designed for use in phased antenna arrays with its phase adjusted in the course of its manufacture has transmitting line section with stubs connected thereto on one end and on other end, to first electrodes of diodes through contacting flat springs. Second electrodes of diodes are connected to ground; current-carrying conductor of each stub has hole accommodating adjustment member. These adjustment members are made in the form of metal inserts built in insulating rod mounted for reciprocating perpendicular to stubs. |
 Bandpass filter / 2248074Proposed filter has dielectric block in the form of rectangular parallelepiped whose five of six faces carry external metallization layer. Provided between sixth face and that disposed in opposition are n holes, where n is number of filter sections. Internal metallization layer is disposed on surfaces of n holes which is connected with external one. Sixth face of block carries m conducting pads disposed above holes and connected to internal metallization layer. Number of conducting pads m equals that of sections n. Pads are isolated from each other and from metallization layer by means of insulating gaps. Contact conductors are disposed on sixth face of block and isolated from conducting pads and from external metallization layer by insulating gaps. One of m conducting pads may have single insulating slit one of whose ends is aligned either with gap between pads and metallization layer or with gap between conducting pads. Energy input and output is effected in filter-transfer-line system upon connection of conductors to microwave mode propagating circuit. Filter constitutes resonance-tuned sections formed by holes in dielectric block, by metallization layer on five of six faces of block, and by metallization layer on surfaces of holes, as well as by pads on block face. Energy is effectively transferred from filter input to its output only in frequency band close to center frequency due to electromagnetic coupling between resonance-tunes sections of filter. |
 Liquid load / 2249279Proposed liquid load characterized in reduced dependence of load matching on permissible power level at coolant temperature varying between -60 and +110 oC has rectangular waveguide section and insulating insert passed through its inner cavity filled with flowing absorbing liquid. Insulating insert is disposed inside case connected to rectangular waveguide section provided with coupling window. Inner cavity of insulating insert accommodates metal tube with hole and reflector secured in immediate proximity of hole. Piston is mounted downstream of insulating insert inside rectangular waveguide section. |
 Phased-array antenna element / 2249281Proposed antenna element that can be used for microwave antenna systems incorporating ferrite phase shifters to control selection of desired polarization in any desired sequence has integrated phase shifter and polarization selector switch, its base being one common metallized ferrite rod of similar or different round section through its length. It is provided with circular polarization phase shifter with control coil and ferrite magnetic cores symmetrically installed on round-section length of metallized ferrite rod forming round-section waveguide connected through adapter, minimum λ/8 long, to controlled polarization selector switch that includes other length of round-section metallized ferrite rod; it also mounts magnetic cores in the form of ring sections (two semi-rings or four quarter-rings) provided with slots for locking control coil of polarization selector switch. Among characteristic features of antenna element design is that it has no choke slits in metallized layer of ferrite rod which greatly facilitates its manufacture and reduces its cost. Antenna element is compact in design and easy to operate. It can operate with controlled polarization switch in any desired sequence which makes it suited to operate efficiently in modern radars. |
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Phased-array antenna element / 2249281 Proposed antenna element that can be used for microwave antenna systems incorporating ferrite phase shifters to control selection of desired polarization in any desired sequence has integrated phase shifter and polarization selector switch, its base being one common metallized ferrite rod of similar or different round section through its length. It is provided with circular polarization phase shifter with control coil and ferrite magnetic cores symmetrically installed on round-section length of metallized ferrite rod forming round-section waveguide connected through adapter, minimum λ/8 long, to controlled polarization selector switch that includes other length of round-section metallized ferrite rod; it also mounts magnetic cores in the form of ring sections (two semi-rings or four quarter-rings) provided with slots for locking control coil of polarization selector switch. Among characteristic features of antenna element design is that it has no choke slits in metallized layer of ferrite rod which greatly facilitates its manufacture and reduces its cost. Antenna element is compact in design and easy to operate. It can operate with controlled polarization switch in any desired sequence which makes it suited to operate efficiently in modern radars. |
 Differential microwave phase shifter / 2251765Proposed microwave phase shifter has phase-shifting channel on single transmission life with stub and compensating line. Single transmission line is made in the form of odd number of symmetrical cascaded sections of uniform transmission lines whose lengths equal λm/4; length of central section equals λm/2. Wave impedances of these sections are monotonously reducing toward center of single line; stub is inserted in the middle of central section. |
 Method for microwave signal polarization conversion / 2254645Proposed method for microwave signal polarization conversion involves passage of right- and left-hand circularly polarized microwave signals and linearly polarized microwave signal having arbitrary position of polarization plane through waveguide ferrite section with double-pole cross control magnetic field. This field is built up by two-phase winding carrying dc currents in each coil, spatial axis of coils of one phase winding being perpendicular to that of coils of other phase winding. Then right- and left-hand circularly polarized microwave signals and linearly polarized microwave signal with arbitrary position of polarization plane are converted into linearly polarized microwave signal with desired position of polarization plane. Proposed method is characterized in that current value is varied during conversion of microwave signal polarization in one phase winding in proportion to sine of angle between 0 and 180 deg. simultaneously with variation of current value in other phase winding in proportion to cosine of same angle at similar maximal values of these currents and, irrespective of this fact, currents through both phase windings are relatively changed by same value in changing type of polarization of right- and left-hand circularly polarized microwave signals and linearly polarized microwave signal. |
FIELD: physics.
SUBSTANCE: invention relates to electronic engineering and specifically to microwave phase changers on semiconductor devices. The active phase changer, made on SiGe semiconductor devices and including wide-band quadrature polyphase filter, consists of series-connected sections built on RC passive circuits, and facilitating generation of two orthogonally phase-shifted quadrature signals, an analogue differential adder having Gilbert cells, an amplifier and an adder, a digital signal unit configured to control each Gilbert cell, a matching link and a converter unit for converting the differential signal into a unipolar signal; also, at the output of the quadrature polyphase filter there are four emitter followers which facilitate matching with the circuit of the analogue differential adder.
EFFECT: high reliability of the device.
2 cl, 5 dwg
A group of inventions refers to electronic engineering, namely to the phasers microwave semiconductor devices. These devices can be widely used in radar systems of different frequency ranges active phased antenna arrays.
Phasers microwave, made on the basis of semiconductor devices, widely used in the technique of microwave.
Known broadband Phaser managed the phase angle of the containing broadband differential quadrature filter, two proportional gain with adjustable gain and adder. One of the outputs of quadrature filter connected to the input of the first, and the other to the input of the second providing a corresponding change quadrature amplitude of the signal that is proportional to link the outputs are connected to the inputs of the adder (see RF patent №2303326, publ. 10.09.06).
The disadvantage of the device is the low reliability of the device due to the possibility of distortion of the output signal.
In addition, the prior art the microwave phase shifter contains two transmission lines with the same wave resistance. One is to enter the microwave signal, the other for exit. He also has two field-effect transistor with a barrier of Schottky, inductance of equal size and capacity either different or the same size. The source of the first field-effect transistor with a barrier of Schottky connected to the transmission line at the entrance and from one end of the first inductance, and a flow - through the first tank is connected to the transmission line at the exit and with one end of the second inductance. The flow of the second field-effect transistor with a barrier of Schottky connected to other ends of both inductances and with one end of the second capacity, as the source and the other end of the second vessel grounded. Gates field transistors barrier of Schottky are interconnected and connected to the same DC control voltage (see RF Patent №2321106, publ. 27.03.2008).
The disadvantages of the device is the presence of a temperature instabilities semiconductor elements and a high level of phase noise.
Also the prior art Phaser microwave semiconductor devices containing two transmission lines with the same wave resistance, one for the entrance of microwave signals, the other for output, field-effect transistor with a barrier of Schottky, two two-pole reactive element, or different, or the same size. The flow field-effect transistor with a barrier of Schottky connected to one end of one of bipolar reactive elements, and the other end with a transmission line in the output, the source field-effect transistor with a barrier of Schottky grounded, and its gate is served DC control voltage. In Phaser microwave additionally introduced two segments of the transmission lines, the first length is equal to half of the wavelength and less, and the second in length, equal to a quarter of the wavelength, with this wavelength corresponds to the average frequency operating frequency band (see RF Patent №2367066, publ. 10.09.2009).
The disadvantages devices are low reliability, availability temperature instabilities semiconductor elements and a high level of phase noise.
The task of this group of inventions is the elimination of the above shortcomings.
The technical result consists in increasing the reliability of the device due to an increase in the stability of the contours of the output signal, with the exception of the presence of distortions and reducing the impact of temporary and thermal instabilities semiconductor elements and control signals for phase response.
The technical result provided by the fact that the active phase shifter on the first version, performed on semiconductor devices on the basis of SiGe, includes broadband quadrature polyphase filter consists of a series-connected sections, built on passive RC circuits and enabling formation of two orthogonal shifted in phase quadrature signals, analog differential adder containing cells Hilbert, power and the adder, the block of the digital signal, made with the possibility to control each cell Hilbert, matching the link and the transducer block differential signal into a unipolar. In addition, the output of quadrature polyphase filter has 4 emitter follower to ensure harmonization with the scheme analog differential adder.
The technical result is also provided by the fact that the active phase shifter on the second version, performed on semiconductor devices based on GaN, includes broadband quadrature polyphase filter consists of a series-connected sections, built on RC passive circuits supplying the possibility of formation of two orthogonal shifted in phase quadrature signals, analog differential adder containing cells Hilbert, power and the adder, the block of the digital signal, made with the possibility to control each cell Hilbert problem matching the link and the transducer block differential signal into a unipolar. In addition, the output of quadrature polyphase filter has 4 emitter follower to ensure harmonization with the scheme adder.
The essence of this group of inventions is illustrated by the following illustrations:
figure 1 displays a schematic view of this device;
figure 2 - scheme of the barrier;
figure 3 diagram of polyphase filter;
figure 4 - the scheme of the mixer signals;
figure 5 - circuit of the output stage of the barrier.
Device includes the following structural elements: broadband quadrature polyphase filter 1; analog differential adder 2; cell Hilbert 3; amplifier with adjustable gain 4; adder 5; block digital signal for digital control 6; matching element 7; the transducer block differential signal into a unipolar.
This device operates as follows.
The differential input signal is split into I and Q quadrature signals using a broadband quadrature filter 1. Execution quadrature filter 1 can be based on various passive circuits: RC, RLC. This device polyphase filter 1 is made with the use of RC circuits (Fig 3). Using multiple series-connected RC sections expands the bandwidth of the signal, in which phase is the same in each of the 4 90 degree quadrant formed by the filter 1. Filter output 1 4 provides an emitter follower to negotiate with the scheme analog differential adder 2. At the outputs of repeaters signals are formed of + / -1 and ±Q shifted 90 degrees.
Differential I and Q signals are analog differential adder 2 containing 4 amplifier with adjustable gain, cell Hilbert 3 and the adder 5. Block digital signal controls the gain of each cell Hilbert 3. Output summarize converted (weight) of the I and Q signals (amplitude), forming synthesized the phase and amplitude of the signal. Different weights amplitude is formed by changing the gain by using a unit of digital signal 6.
Phaser works on the principle of addition of vectors current, shifted under 90 degrees. Regulation of the phase shift in one quadrant at the expense of changes in the magnitude of the currents in each of the orthogonal vectors. To output amplitude was unchanged, are current, modified by law, sinus, and current, modified by the law of cosine. The Quad switch by connecting the appropriate combinations of signal with polyphase filter 1.
Analog differential adder 2 allows choosing the vectors and the amplitude of two current signals, to obtain the result vector in the correct quadrant. First stages, which receives signals after polyphase filter 1, transform voltage current, allowing "linearize" input signals and expanded dynamic range of the device. These cascades control two mixers (scheme mixer figure 4), which are implemented (and the whole adder 2) bipolar transistors manufactured on the basis of GaN or SiGe. Changing using the digital signal 6 currents in 4 differential pair of transistors mixers, the signal is created with the necessary phase of the result vector. From the output of the mixer signal is sent to the 3-stage differential amplifier, performing the functions of the attenuator, the gain is determined by the bias currents of the differential pairs. The magnitude of displacement currents are specified using the digital signal 6. Output differential signal attenuator consists of two emitter repeaters.
The output stage of the barrier converts the differential signal into a unipolar (figure 5). The output signal is generated in the unipolar resistor under the influence of two signals from the emitter and collector output transistors. Thus the selection of the value of the resistor matching the level of 7 reconciliations of the load.
This principle of execution of the barrier leads to minimization of the spectral density of phase noise (SPFS) by lowering SPFS structural elements, and provides a minimum distortion of the output amplifier cascade.
The use of semiconductor materials, such as SiGe, GaN, allows to solve a complex of tasks on improvement of operational characteristics of microwave devices: reduction phase noise, the extension of the operating range of temperatures, more acceptable microwave power, the extension of the frequency range, etc.
2. The active phase shifter, made on semiconductor devices based on GaN and including broadband quadrature polyphase filter consists of a series-connected sections, built on passive RC circuits, and provides for the formation of two orthogonal shifted in phase quadrature signals, analog differential adder containing cells Hilbert, power and the adder, the block of the digital signal, made with the possibility to control each cell Hilbert, matching the link and the transducer block differential signal unipolar, in addition, the output of quadrature polyphase filter has 4 emitter follower to ensure harmonization with the scheme analog differential adder.