Induction heaters for heating underground formations. RU patent 2510601.

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: electrical conductor is placed between at least a first electrical contact and a second electrical contact. A ferromagnetic conductor at least partially surrounds the electrical conductor and is at least partially placed along its length. Upon feeding alternating electrical current, the electrical conductor induces an electrical current in the ferromagnetic conductor which is sufficient to heat the ferromagnetic conductor owing to resistance to temperature of at least about 300°C.

EFFECT: heating system according to the invention provides an improved heating method, which enables to extract hydrocarbons, hydrogen and/or other products from different formations containing hydrocarbons.

25 cl, 23 dwg

The technical field to which the invention relates

The present invention, in General, concerns the methods of heating and heating systems designed for production of hydrocarbons, hydrogen and/or other products from various underground formations such as layers, containing hydrocarbons. Certain variants of the invention, the concern of the systems of heating, which are intended for heating of underground reservoirs and which induce a current in ferromagnetic materials.

The level of technology

The hydrocarbons extracted from subsurface strata, often used as energy resources, raw materials and consumer goods. Concern about the depletion of hydrocarbon resources and deterioration in the overall quality of produced hydrocarbons has led to the development of more effective ways of production, handling and/or use of available hydrocarbon resources. For extraction of hydrocarbon materials from underground reservoirs can be used processes in situ. To make it easier to extract hydrocarbon material from an underground reservoir may need to modify the chemical and/or physical properties of hydrocarbon material. Modify the chemical and physical properties may include reactions in situ, which are obtained extracted fluids, changes composition, changes dilution capacity, density changes, phase transformations and/or changes in the viscosity of hydrocarbon material formation. The fluid can represent, among other things, gas, liquid, emulsion, suspension and/or the flow of solid particles whose characteristics are similar to the characteristics of the liquid flow.

In the layer can be made of the well bore. In some embodiments of the invention in the wellbore can be placed or shaped casing or another system of pipes. In some embodiments of the invention in the wellbore can be used expandable tubular element. In the trunks of wells can be located heaters designed to heat reservoir during the process of in situ.

The use of heat in the layers of shale oil is described in the patents US 2923535 (Ljungström) and US 4886118 (Van Meurs et al.). Heat can be applied to a layer of shale oil with the purpose of pyrolysis kerogen in the layer of shale oil. Also under the influence of heat in the layer can be formed cracks, what is being done to increase the permeability of the reservoir. Enhanced permeability can afford to Plast fluid to move to the producer, where the fluid is extracted from the reservoir oil shale. In some processes, described in the patent Ljungström, to start combustion in porous layer is entered, for example, gaseous medium, containing oxygen, while it is preferable that the specified gaseous environment was still hot after pre-heating.

For heating the underground reservoir can be used to the heat source. For heating the underground reservoir can be used electric heaters, heating by radiation heat transfer and/or thermal conductivity. Electric heater can heat element at the expense of resistance. In the US patents 2548360 (Germain), US 4716960 (Easthmd et al.), US 4716960 (Eastlund et al.) and US 5065818 (Van Egmond) described electric heating elements placed the borehole. In the US patent 6023554 (Vinegar et al.) describes the heating element, which is located in the casing pipe. Heating element produces radiated energy that heats the casing.

In the US patent 4570715 (Van Meurs et al.) describes the heating element. Heating element contains conductive rod surrounding layer of insulation material and the surrounding metal sheath. High temperature resistance of conductive rod a little. At high temperatures, electrical resistance, compression strength and thermal conductivity of the insulation material is relatively high. Insulation material can hinder the formation of arc between the shaft and metal shell. Load tensile and creep resistance of the metal shell can be relatively high at high temperatures. In the US patent 5060287 (Van Egmond) described the electric heating element with the rod of copper-Nickel alloy.

Heaters can be made from forged stainless steels. In the US patent 7153373 (Maziasz et al.) and the application for a US patent US 2004/0191109 (Maziasz et al.) described modified stainless steel 237, as sheets and foil with fine-grained structure of the material.

As noted above, significant effort is aimed at developing heaters, methods and systems economically viable production of hydrocarbons, hydrogen and/or other products from the layers containing hydrocarbons. However, currently there is still a large number of reservoirs containing hydrocarbons, of which it is impossible to produce hydrocarbons, hydrogen and/or other products economically feasible way. Thus, there is a need for improved methods and systems of heating, intended for production of hydrocarbons, hydrogen and/or other products from different strata, containing hydrocarbons.

Disclosure of the invention

Describes the different ways of carrying out the invention, in General, relate to the systems, methods and heaters, intended for processing of underground reservoir. Describes the different ways of carrying out the invention, in General, are heaters that contains new components. These heaters can be obtained using the described systems and methods.

In certain embodiments of the invention offered one or more systems, practices and/or heaters. In some embodiments of the invention systems, means and/or heaters are used for processing of underground reservoir.

In certain embodiments of the invention proposed the heating system of underground formation containing a: extended electrical conductor placed in the underground reservoir, with an electrical conductor is located between at least the first electric contact and second electric contact; and ferromagnetic Explorer, and ferromagnetic conductor at least partially surrounds and at least partly runs along the length of electric Explorer; electrical conductor, when he served time-varying electric current, induces an electrical current in ferromagnetic Explorer, sufficient for heating ferromagnetic Explorer due to resistance to a temperature of at least approximately 300 OC S.

In other variants of the invention signs of specific embodiments of the invention can be combined with signs of other embodiments of the invention. For example, signs of a variant of the invention, can be combined with signs of any other variant of the invention.

In other variants of the invention processing of underground reservoir are carried out using any of these methods, systems or heaters.

In other variants of the invention it is described specific variants of the invention may be added the additional features.

Brief description of drawings

Advantages of the present invention will be clear specialists in the area in question after reading the detailed the description with links to the attached drawings, in which:

figure 1 - schematic view of option exercise part of the system of heat treatment in situ intended for processing of formation containing hydrocarbons;

figure 2 - view showing an implementation option u-shaped heater, containing a tubular element to which energy is supplied by means of electromagnetic induction;

figure 3 - view showing an implementation option electrical conductor, located in the center in tubular element;

figure 4 - view showing an implementation option induction heater with casing of insulated conductor, which is in electrical contact with tubular element;

figure 5 - view showing an implementation option resistive heater with tubular element, the surface of which contain grooves located on radius;

6 - view showing an implementation option induction heater with tubular element, the surface of which contain grooves located on radius;

Fig.7 - view showing an implementation option heater, divided into tubular sections with the aim of ensuring the changing thermal power along the length of the heater.

Fig - view, showing an implementation option three electric conductors, included into the reservoir through the first General shaft in and out of the reservoir through the second common wellbore, with layer of electrical conductors is surrounded by three tubular element;

Fig.9 - view showing an implementation option three electric conductors and three tubular items are in a separate well holes in the reservoir and connected to the transformer;

figure 10 - view showing an implementation option multilayer induction tubular element;

11 - view showing a cross section variants of implementation of insulated conductor, which is used as an induction heater;

Fig - side view showing a cross section of a variant of the invention, shown on 11;

Fig - end view showing a cross section of option implementation of insulated conductor with two segments, which is used as an induction heater;

Fig - side view showing a cross section of a variant of the invention, shown in Fig;

Fig - end view showing a cross section of option exercise multi-layer insulated conductor, which is used as an induction heater;

Fig - end view showing an implementation option three insulated conductors that are flexible tubing pipe and used as induction heaters;

Fig - view showing the terminals insulated conductors, joined together at the ends;

Fig - end view showing an implementation option three isolated wires that are attached to a supporting element and which are used as induction heaters;

Fig - view showing an implementation option induction heater with rods and electric insulator, surrounded ferromagnetic layer;

Fig - view showing an implementation option insulated conductor surrounded ferromagnetic layer;

Fig - view showing an implementation option induction heater with two ferromagnetic layers that are coiled on the core and electric insulator;

Fig - view showing an implementation option installation ferromagnetic layer on the insulated wire;

Fig - view option the implementation of casing pipes with axial ribbed surface or surface containing grooves.

Although the invention does not exclude different modifications and alternative forms, next to the example shown on the drawings and details the specific embodiments of the invention. Drawings can be made not to scale. However, you must understand that the drawings and detailed description do not limit the invention specific described form, but on the contrary, the invention involves all modifications equivalents and alternatives are not beyond the scope of the present invention, which is defined in the attached claims.

Detailed description of the invention

The following description is, in General, refers to systems and methods of processing of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Such layers are treated with the purpose of extraction of hydrocarbon products, hydrogen, and other products.

"AC" is called time-varying current, the direction of which varies essentially a sinusoidal manner. During the flow of alternating current in ferromagnetic Explorer occurs the skin effect.

Under the "open metal" or "unprotected metal" refers metals longest elements, not containing electrical insulation layer, such as inorganic isolation, which is designed to provide electrical isolation metal around the temperature range extended element. Open-metal and unprotected metal can be considered metal, containing corrosion inhibitor, such as naturally formed oxide layer, caused by a layer of oxide and/or film. Outdoor metal and non-metal include metals, polymer or other electrical insulation, which cannot store an electrical insulating properties when the model extended operating temperature of the element. Such material can be located on metal and when using the heater can deteriorate under the influence of temperature.

"Curie temperature" is the temperature above which a ferromagnetic material loses all its ferromagnetic properties. Besides the loss of all ferromagnetic properties at temperature above the Curie temperature ferromagnetic material begins to lose ferromagnetic properties when through it passed increasing the electric current.

"Fluid pressure" is the pressure of the fluid in the reservoir. "Lithostatic pressure" (sometimes called "lithostatic voltage represents the pressure in the reservoir, equal to the weight per unit area of the overlying rocks. "Hydrostatic pressure" represents the pressure in the reservoir, which causes the water column.

"Plast" includes one or more layers containing hydrocarbons, one or more non layers covering layer and/or underlayment. "Hydrocarbon layers are called layers of the reservoir, which contain hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbon layers can contain non materials and hydrocarbon materials. "The covering layer" and/or "underlying layer contain one or several different types of impervious material. For example, cover and/or underlying layers can be a rock, shale, elevatorsonly rock or heavy carbonate rock, not leaky. In some variants of the implementation processes of heat treatment in situ covering and/or underlying layers may include containing hydrocarbons layer or containing hydrocarbons layers that are relatively impermeable and will not be exposed to temperatures in the process of heat treatment in situ, which features containing hydrocarbons layers cover and/or the underlying layers vary considerably. For example, the underlying layer can contain shale or elevatorsonly breed, but in the implementation process of heat treatment in situ underlayment not heated to a temperature pyrolysis. In some cases, the covering layer and/or underlying layers can be somewhat permeable.

"Formation fluids are fluids that are present in the reservoir, and they may contain fluid obtained as a result of pyrolysis, synthesis gas, moveable hydrocarbons and water (steam). Formation fluids can contain hydrocarbon fluids, as well as non fluids. Under the "mobile fluids" understand the reservoir fluids containing hydrocarbons, which is able to flow in the heat of formation treatment. "It is extracted fluids" called the fluid extracted from strata.

"The heat source" is any system, heat supply, at least to a part of the reservoir, the heat is transmitted primarily as a result of conducted and/or radiation heat transfer. For example, the heat source may contain electric heaters such as the isolated conductor, the length of the item and/or Explorer, located in the pipe. Also the heat source can contain system, producing heat through combustion of fuel out of the reservoir or in it. These systems can be burners, located on the surface, bottom-hole gas burners, flameless distributed combustion chambers and natural distributed combustion chambers. In some embodiments of the invention heat, supplied to one or more sources of heat or produced in them, can be fed from other energy sources. Other sources of energy directly to heat the layer or energy can be communicated to the transmitting medium, which directly or indirectly heats the reservoir. It is clear that one or more sources of heat, which convey the warmth layer, use different energy sources. Thus, for example, for a given stratum some sources of heat can bring the warmth of the resistive heaters, some sources of heat can provide heating due to the combustion chamber, and other sources of heat can bring warmth from one or more sources of energy (for example, energy from chemical reactions, solar energy, wind energy, biomass or other renewable energy sources). A chemical reaction may include exothermic reaction (for example, the oxidation reaction). Also the heat source may include a heater that brings warmth to the area next to the heated place, such as heating wells, or the surrounding this place.

"Heater" is any system or heat source, intended for heat generation in the well or near the wellbore. The heaters include, inter alia, electric heaters, burners, combustion chamber, in which enters the reaction material of a seam or material extracted in the reservoir, and/or their combination.

Under the "hydrocarbons" is usually understood molecules, formed mainly by the atoms of carbon and hydrogen. Hydrocarbons may also contain other elements, such as, for example, Halogens, metal elements nitrogen, oxygen, and/or sulfur. Hydrocarbons are, for example, kerogen, bitumen, probatum, oil, natural mineral waxes and asfalteti. Hydrocarbons can be located in the natural host rocks in the earth or near them. Host rocks, among others, are sedimentary rocks, Sands, salicilata, carbonate rocks, diatomites and other porous medium. "Hydrocarbon fluids" is the fluids containing hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbon fluids can contain, to carry away with you or to be passionate about non fluids, such as hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, water and ammonia.

Under the "the recycling process in situ" means the heating process of formation containing hydrocarbon, from sources of heat, with the specified process aims to increase the temperature of at least part of the layer, the temperature pyrolysis, with the purpose of reception of formation fluid, which is the result of pyrolysis.

Under the "process of heat treatment in situ" means the heating process of formation containing hydrocarbons, using heat sources, aiming at the increase of temperature by at least part of the layer above the temperature, which turns out the moving fluid is easy cracking and/or pyrolysis of material containing hydrocarbons, so in the layer produced by the moving fluids, fluids, resulting easy cracking, and/or fluids that are the result of pyrolysis.

"Insulated wire" is any lengthy material, able to conduct electrical current and covered fully or partially insulating material.

"The temperature of phase transition" ferromagnetic material is called the temperature or the temperature range in which the material undergoes a phase change (for example, from ferrite in austenite), resulting in reduced magnetic permeability of ferromagnetic material. This decrease magnetic permeability is similar to reduce magnetic permeability resulting from the magnetic transition ferromagnetic material with the Curie temperature.

"Pyrolysis" is called the destruction of chemical bonds that occur because of the heat. For example, pyrolysis may include the transformation of connection to one or more other substances with only heat. To call pyrolysis, the site of a layer can be fed heat.

"Fluids, which is the result of pyrolysis" or "products of pyrolysis" called fluids obtained essentially during the process of pyrolysis of hydrocarbons. Fluid obtained by reactions of pyrolysis, can be mixed in the reservoir with other fluids. This mixture will be considered by the fluid, which is the result of pyrolysis or product of pyrolysis. Here, under "the pyrolysis zone" means the volume of the reservoir (for example, relatively permeable layer, such as a layer of tar Sands), in which there is or was a reaction aimed at the formation of fluid, which is the result of pyrolysis.

"The imposition of heat is called the heat input from two or more sources of heat in the selected area of the reservoir, so the heat sources affect the temperature of the reservoir at least in one place between the heat source.

Under the "heater with a limit of operating temperatures" in General refers to the heater, which is regulated by thermal power (for example, reduces the amount of heat capacity) above a certain temperature that occurs without the use of external controls, such as temperature controllers, power regulators, detectors, or other devices. Heaters with a limit of operating temperatures can be resistive AC or modulated (for example, "cut") DC.

Under the "time-varying current" means the electric current flow which in ferromagnetic Explorer happens to the skin effect and the value of which varies over time. Time-varying shocks can be both AC and modulated DC.

Under the "rate of change range for a heater with a limit of operating temperatures, in which current is applied directly to the heater, is the ratio of greatest resistance to the AC or modulated DC at temperatures below the Curie temperature, to the least resistance at temperatures higher than the Curie temperature for a given current. The rate of change range for induction heater is the ratio of the largest thermal power at temperatures below the Curie temperature, to the lowest thermal capacity at temperatures higher than the Curie temperature for a given voltage applied to the heater.

Under the "u-shaped wellbore" understand the wellbore, which starts from the first hole in the reservoir, is at least part of the reservoir and ends with the second hole in the reservoir. In this case, the form of the wellbore, which is considered a "u-shaped", can have the appearance resembling the letter "v" or "u", it is clear that the "legs" of the letter "u" does not necessarily parallel or perpendicular to "bottom" of the letter "u".

Under the "enrichment" understand improving the quality of hydrocarbons. For example, the enrichment of heavy hydrocarbons may lead to an increase in the density of heavy hydrocarbons in degrees American petroleum Institute (API).

The term "borehole" means the hole in the reservoir, made by drilling or the introduction of a pipe in the reservoir. The cross-section of the borehole can be essentially circular or any other. Here the terms "well" and "the hole"when speaking about the hole in the reservoir can be replaced with the term "borehole".

With the purpose of extraction of many different products, hydrocarbons in the reservoir can be treated in different ways. To process of formation during thermal treatment of in situ can be used in different stages or processes. In some embodiments, the invention, the production of one or more areas of the layer is carried out with the help of dissolution, to extract from areas soluble inorganic substances. The solution mining of inorganic substances may be carried out before thermal treatment in situ, during this process and/or after this process. In some embodiments, the invention, the average temperature of one or more areas involved in solution mining, can be maintained at less than approximately 120 C.

In some embodiments of the invention, one or more areas of a layer is heated to extract the areas of water and/or methane and other volatile hydrocarbons. In some embodiments of the invention when removing water and volatile hydrocarbons average temperature can be increased from ambient temperature to temperatures below approximately 220°N

In some embodiments of the invention, one or more areas of a layer is heated to temperatures make mobility and/or light cracking of hydrocarbons in the reservoir. In some embodiments, the invention, the average temperature of one or more areas of the reservoir was raised to the temperature of making the hydrocarbons mobility in the reservoir (for example, to the temperatures are in the range of 100 C to 250 C, 120 C to 240 degrees or from 150 C to 230).

The heat of formation containing hydrocarbons, several heat sources can set the temperature changes around the heat sources, which increases the temperature of hydrocarbons in the reservoir up to the desired temperature with the desired speed heating. The rate of temperature rise in the temperature range make mobility and/or the temperature range of holding pyrolysis for the right products can affect the quantity and quality of reservoir fluids, which is extracted from the reservoir containing hydrocarbons. Slow increase of the temperature of the reservoir in the temperature range make mobility and/or the temperature range of holding pyrolysis can afford to get out of the formation of high-quality hydrocarbons, high-density, measured in degrees ANI. Slow increase of the temperature of the reservoir in the temperature range make mobility and/or the temperature range of holding pyrolysis can allow to remove a large number of hydrocarbons present in the reservoir, as hydrocarbon product.

In some embodiments, the implementation of heat treatment in situ, instead of slowly heat up in a certain range of temperatures, up to the desired temperature is heated part of the reservoir. In some embodiments of the invention desired temperature of 300 C, 325 degrees or 350 degrees C. as the desired temperature can be selected other value temperature.

The imposition of heat from heat sources makes it relatively quickly and effectively to install in the reservoir desired temperature. You can adjust the energy in the reservoir from heat sources with the objective of maintaining essentially the proper temperatures in the reservoir.

Products obtained as a result of making mobility and/or execution of pyrolysis can be extracted from the reservoir through production wells. In some embodiments, the invention, the average temperature of one or more areas of a layer can be raised to temperatures make the hydrocarbons mobility and hydrocarbons extracted through production wells. The average temperature in one or more areas of a layer can be increased up to temperatures of implementation of pyrolysis after the extraction is carried out by giving the hydrocarbons mobility decreases below the specified value. In some embodiments, the invention, the average temperature of one or more areas of the reservoir may be raised to the temperature of the implementation of pyrolysis without essential hydrocarbon production to achieve temperatures of implementation of pyrolysis. Reservoir fluids, including products of pyrolysis, can be obtained through production wells.

In some embodiments of the invention after giving mobility and/or implementation of pyrolysis average temperature of one or more areas of a layer can be raised to a temperature sufficient to produce synthesis gas. In some embodiments of the invention temperature of hydrocarbons can be raised to the level that is sufficient to produce synthesis gas, without holding significant hydrocarbon production to achieve temperatures sufficient to produce synthesis gas. For example, synthesis gas can be obtained in the temperature range from approximately 400 C to 1200 C, approximately from 500 C to approximately 1100 degrees or about 550 C to approximately 1,000 OC C. the Fluid to produce synthesis gas (for example, steam and/or water) can be introduced in areas with the purpose of synthesis gas production. The synthesis gas can be extracted from the reservoir through production wells.

The solution mining, extraction of volatile hydrocarbons and water, making mobility hydrocarbons, holding pyrolysis of hydrocarbons, production of synthesis gas and/or other processes can be implement in the course of thermal treatment in situ. In some embodiments of the invention some processes can be carried out after the curing process in situ. Such processes, inter alia, include the recuperation of heat from treated areas, storage of fluids (such as water and/or hydrocarbons) in previously treated plots and/or isolate carbon dioxide in previously treated plots.

Sources 202 heat are, at least in parts of the reservoir. Sources 202 heat can be heaters, such as isolated conductors of the heating device with a guide in a pipe, burners located on the surface, flameless distributed combustion chamber and/or natural distributed combustion chamber. Sources 202 heat can also be the heaters of other types. Sources 202 heat down the heat, at least in part of the reservoir for heat hydrocarbons in the reservoir. Energy can be submitted to the source 202 heat on line 204 power. Line 204 power can constructively vary depending on the type of heat source or heat sources used for heating of the reservoir. Line 204 power to heat sources can transmit electricity for electric heaters, can transport the fuel to the combustion chambers or can move the heat-transfer fluid circulating in the reservoir. In some embodiments of the invention electricity for heat-treatment process in situ can be supplied nuclear power plant or nuclear power plants. The use of nuclear energy may allow to reduce or eliminate emissions of carbon dioxide in the course of thermal treatment in situ.

Producing wells 206 used for the extraction of reservoir fluid from the reservoir. In some embodiments of the invention producing well 206 can contain a heat source. The heat source, located in the producer can warm one or more parts of the reservoir from the production well or near it. In some variants of realization of process of heat treatment in situ the amount of heat input into the reservoir from the production well, a meter production well is less than the amount of heat input into the reservoir from the heat source that heats the reservoir, a meter heat source.

In some embodiments of the invention a source of heat in the producer 206 allows you to extract from the reservoir vapour phase of reservoir fluids. The supply of heat to the producer or through production well may: (1) prevent condensation and/or reverse the flow of the produced fluid when this produced fluid moves towards producing wells close to covering layer, (2) increase the supply of heat in the reservoir, (3) increase the rate of extraction for the production well compared with extractive well without heat source, (4) prevent condensation of compounds with a large number of carbon atoms (C6 and more) in the producer and/or (5) to increase the permeability of the reservoir from the production well or near it.

Underground pressure in the reservoir might correspond to the pressure of the fluid in the reservoir. When the temperature in the heated part of the layer increases, the pressure in the heated part may increase as a result of thermal expansion of fluids, increased receiving fluids and water evaporation. Speed control extract fluid from the reservoir can allow to control the pressure in the reservoir. The pressure in the reservoir can be defined in several different places, such as the extractive wells or near heat sources, or in them or at monitoring wells.

In some containing hydrocarbons reservoirs production of hydrocarbons from the reservoir is restrained until such time as, at least some amount of hydrocarbon reservoir was not moving and/or has not been subjected to pyrolysis. Plast fluid can be extracted from the reservoir when the quality of formation fluid corresponds to the selected level. In some embodiments of the invention of the selected level of quality is the density in degrees of ANI, which is at least about 15°, 20°, 25°, 30° or 40 degrees. The ban on production up until at least part of hydrocarbons has not become mobile and/or has not been subjected to pyrolysis, can increase processing of heavy hydrocarbons into lighter hydrocarbons. The banning of hunting in early may minimize the production of heavy hydrocarbons from the reservoir. Extraction of significant volumes of heavy hydrocarbons may require expensive equipment and/or reduction of term of operation of production equipment.

After reaching temperatures make mobility or temperature implementation of pyrolysis and permissions production from the reservoir, the pressure in the reservoir can be modified to change and/or control the composition of produced fluids to regulate percent condensed fluid relative to non-condensable fluid reservoir fluid and/or with the purpose of regulation density in degrees ANI produced formation fluid. For example, reducing the pressure can lead to the production of a greater share of condensable component fluids. Condensable component fluids can contain a higher percentage of olefins.

It is surprising, but maintain high pressure in the heated part of the layer can afford to produce large quantities of hydrocarbons superior quality and with relatively low molecular weight. The pressure can be maintained so that produced the layer fluid contains the minimum number of connections that carbon number exceeds the specified carbon number. Selected carbon number can be at most 25, the more 20 at most 12 or at most 8. Some connections with a large carbon number can be captured layer steam and can be extracted from the reservoir with steam. Maintain high pressure in the reservoir can prevent capture ferry connections with large carbon number and/or polycyclic hydrocarbon compounds. Connection with a large carbon number and/or polycyclic hydrocarbon compounds may remain in the reservoir in the liquid phase during significant periods of time. These significant periods of time can provide sufficient time for pyrolysis of connections for the purpose of obtaining the compounds with less carbon number.

Plast fluid extracted from wells 206, can be pumped by the collector pipeline 208 to processing facilities 210. Also reservoir fluids can be obtained from sources 202 heat. For example, the fluid can be obtained from sources 202 heat to regulate pressure in the reservoir near sources of heat. Fluid obtained from sources 202 heat can be pumped through a pipe or pipe to the collector pipeline 208 or extracted fluid can be pumped through a pipe or pipe directly to processing plants 210. Manufacturing 210 installation may contain blocks of separation, blocks of carrying out of reactions, concentration units, fuel cells, turbines, containers for storage and/or other systems and units, intended for processing of reservoir fluids. In manufacturing plants, at least part of hydrocarbons produced from the reservoir, you can get a transport fuel. In some embodiments of the invention transport fuels can be a jet fuel.

Figure 2 schematically shows an implementation option u-shaped heater, containing a tubular element to which energy is supplied by induction. Heater 212 contains electrical conductor 214 and tubular element 216 in the hole, which is located between the trunk 218a Centralnaya street wells and barrel V well. In certain embodiments of the invention electrical conductor 214 and/or under current portion of an electrical conductor is electrically isolated from tubular element 216. Electrical conductor 214 and/or under current portion of an electrical conductor is electrically isolated from tubular element 216 in such a way that the electric current does not flow from electrical conductor to tubular element, and Vice versa (e.g., tubular element electrically not directly connected to an electric conductor).

In some embodiments of the invention electrical conductor 214 centered inside the tubular element 216 (for example, using devices 220 for the alignment or other support structures that shown in figure 3). Fixtures 220 for the alignment of electrically isolate electrical conductor 214 of tubular element 216. In some embodiments of the invention tubular element 216 contact with an electrical conductor 214. For example, tubular element 216 can be mounted to an electric conductor 214, reaching down with him or any other way to contact the electrical conductor 214. In some embodiments of the invention electrical conductor 214 contains the electrical isolation (e.g., magnesium oxide or porcelain enamel), which isolates under the current portion of the electrical conductor from tubular element 216. Electrical insulation prevents the flow of current between under current part of the electrical conductor 214 and tubular element 216 when an electrical conductor 214 and tubular element 216 physically in contact with each other.

In some embodiments of the invention shell or shell insulated conductor physically in contact with tubular element 216 (e.g. tubular element physically in contact with the casing along the length of tubular element) or shell electrically connected to a tubular element. In such scenarios, the invention, the electric insulation of insulated conductor electrically isolates the core insulated conductor from shell and tube element. Figure 4 shows an implementation option induction heater with casing of insulated conductor, which is in electrical contact with tubular element 216. Electrical conductor 214 is a stand-alone Windows Explorer. Shell electrically insulated conductor is in contact with tubular element 216 using electric contact elements 222. In some embodiments of the invention of the electric contact elements are 222 sliding contact elements. In certain embodiments of the invention of the electric contact elements 222 electrically connect the membrane insulated conductor with tubular element 216 at all tubular element or near to these ends. Electrical connection at all tubular element 216 or near to these ends, in essence, aligns the tension along the tubular element with tension along the membrane insulated conductor. Alignment stresses along the tubular element 216 and along the shell may interfere with the formation of the arc between tubular element and the shell.

Tubular element 216, such as tubular element, shown in figure 2, 3 and 4, can be made of ferromagnetic material or contain ferromagnetic materials. The thickness of the tube element 216 can be such that an electrical conductor 214 induces an electric current on the surface of the tubular element 216, when an electrical conductor served time-dependent current. Electrical conductor induces an electric current through the ferromagnetic properties of the tubular element. Current is induced by both internal and external surfaces of tubular element 216. Tubular element 216 can work as a heater, based on skin-effect when the current is induced in the depth of the skin layer one or more surfaces of tubular element. In certain embodiments of the invention the induced current circulates axis (longitudinal direction) on the inner and/or outer surfaces of tubular element 216. Longitudinal component aimed current flowing in electrical conductor 214, induces mainly longitudinal current in tubular element 216 (most of the induced current focus in the longitudinal direction tubular element). Mainly longitudinal current in tubular element 216 can provide a higher resistance to ft compared with the case when the induced current is the current which is aimed mainly at an angle.

In certain embodiments of the invention current to the tubular element 216 induced by low-frequency electric current conductor 214 (for example, from 50 Hz or 60 Hz to about 1000 Hz). In some embodiments of the invention currents induced on internal and external surfaces of tubular element 216 essentially equal.

In certain embodiments of the invention thickness tubular element 216 more depth the skin layer of ferromagnetic material in tubular element in the Curie temperature ferromagnetic material or close to it, or at temperatures of phase transformations of ferromagnetic material or close to it. For example, the thickness of the tube element 216 can be at least 2.1 times at least 2.5 times at least 3 times or at least 4 times the depth of the skin layer of ferromagnetic material in tubular element at a temperature close to the Curie temperature or the temperature of phase transformation of ferromagnetic material. In certain embodiments of the invention thickness tubular element 216 can be at least 2.1 times at least 2.5 times at least 3 times or at least 4 times the depth of the skin layer of ferromagnetic material in tubular element at the temperature of about 50 C less than the Curie temperature or the temperature of phase transformation of ferromagnetic material.

In certain embodiments of the invention tubular element 216 made of carbon steel. In some embodiments of the invention tubular element contains 216 corrosion-resistant coating (for example, porcelain or ceramic floor) and/or electrically insulating coating. In some embodiments of the invention electrical conductor 214 contains an electrically insulating coating. Examples insulation coating of tubular element 216 and/or electrical conductor 214 are, among other things, floor porcelain enamel coating of aluminium oxide or floor made of aluminum oxide and titanium.

In some embodiments of the invention tubular element 216 and/or electrical conductor 214 contain such coverage, as coverage of polyethylene or other suitable surface with a low coefficient of friction, which may melt or decompose when applying power to the heater. The coating can facilitate the arrangement of the tube element and/or electrical conductor in the reservoir.

In some embodiments of the invention tubular element contains 216 corrosion resistant ferromagnetic material such as, inter alia, 410 stainless steel, stainless steel 446, stainless steel T/R, stainless steel T/ - R92, alloy 52, alloy 42 and Invar 36. In some embodiments of the invention tubular element 216 made of stainless steel with the addition of cobalt (for example, cobalt add approximately 3% by weight to about 10% by weight) and/or molybdenum (for example, about 0.5% of molybdenum by weight).

When the Curie temperature or at temperatures close to it, or at temperatures of phase transformations of ferromagnetic material tubular element 216 magnetic permeability of ferromagnetic material decreases rapidly. When the magnetic permeability tubular element 216 reduced when the Curie temperature or at temperatures close to it, or at temperatures of phase transformations in tubular element 216 is the small current or no, because at these temperatures tubular element, in essence, is a non-ferromagnetic and electrical conductor 214 not able to induce a current in a tubular element. At a weak shock or its absence, in a tubular element 216 temperature tubular element will fall to a lower until, until you grow magnetic permeability and tubular element will not become ferromagnetic. Thus, tubular element 216 itself restricts its temperature at the Curie temperature or temperatures close to it, or the temperature of phase transformation and functions as a heater with a limit of operating temperatures due to the ferromagnetic properties of ferromagnetic material tubular element. Since the current is induced in tubular element 216, the index of the range may be higher and the current drop more acute for tubular elements in comparison with heaters with a limit of operating temperatures, in which the current acts directly on ferromagnetic material. For example, the rate of change range for heaters with electric current, which induce in tubular element 216, may make, at least, about 5, at least about 10 or, at least, about 20, and rates of change range for heaters that talk directly affects ferromagnetic material, can be at most about 5.

When the current is induced in tubular element 216, tubular element brings the heat in hydrocarbon layer 224 and defines the area of heating in hydrocarbon layer. In certain embodiments of the invention tubular element 216 heated to temperatures that make up at least approximately 300 C, at least, about 500 degrees or, at least, about 700°C. since the current is induced by both internal and external surfaces of tubular element 216, heat generation tubular element increased compared with heaters with a limit of operating temperatures, in which the current directly affects ferromagnetic material and the flow of current is limited to one surface. Thus, in an electric conductor 214 can be provided less current to produce the same amount of heat as the heaters in which current directly affects ferromagnetic material. Use less electric current in the conductor 214 reduces energy consumption and reduce energy losses in the covering layer of the reservoir.

In certain embodiments of the invention diameter tubular element 216 have great value. Large diameters can be used to align or almost alignment high pressure in tubular element acting as inside tubular element, and outside tubular element. In some embodiments of the invention diameter tubular element 216 is in the range from about 1.5 inches (about 3.8 cm) up to about 6 inches (about 15.2 cm). In some embodiments of the invention diameter tubular element 216 is in the range of approximately 3 cm to about 13 cm, from approximately 4 cm to about 12 cm or 5 cm to about 11 see an increase in the diameter of the tubular element 216 may provide greater heat dissipation in the reservoir due to increased surface area of the heat tube element.

In certain embodiments of the invention shaped surfaces of tubular element 216 such that increase the resistance of tubular element. Figure 5 shows an implementation option heater with tubular element 216, which contains surface located on the radius grooves. Heater 212 may contain electrical conductors O, IN, United with tubular element 216. Electric conductors A, can be isolated wires. Electric contact elements can electrically and physically connect electric conductors A, with tubular element 216. In certain embodiments of the invention of the electric contact elements attached to the ends of the conductors A, Century Form of electric contact elements is such that, when the ends of the conductors A, is pushed into the ends of the tube element 216, electric contact elements physically and electrically connected to electric conductors and tubular element. For example, the form of electric contact elements can be tapered. Heater 212 generates heat when the current is directly attached to tubular element 216. Current occurs in tubular element 216 using electric conductors A, B. Grooves 226 can increase the surface area of the heat tube item 216.

In some embodiments of the invention, one or more surfaces of tubular induction heater element can contain rough edges to increase resistance of the heater and increase the square surface of the tubular heat exchange element. Figure 6 shows the heater 212, which is the induction heater. Electrical conductor 214 passes through the tube element 216.

Tubular element 216 can contain grooves 226. In some embodiments of the invention grooves 226 carved in tubular element 216. In some embodiments of the invention to tubular element attached plate with the purpose of formation of ridges and grooves 226. Plates can be welded or otherwise attached to tubular element. In one embodiment, the invention of the plate attached to the shell tubular element, which is located on top of a tubular element. With the purpose of formation of tubular element 216 shell physically and electrically connected to a tubular element.

In certain embodiments of the invention grooves 226 are located on the exterior surface of the tubular element 216. In some embodiments of the invention grooves are located inside the tubular element. In some embodiments of the invention grooves are located on both external and internal surfaces of tubular element.

In certain embodiments of the invention grooves 226 are located along the radius (grooves that are wrapped around the circumference of the tube element 216). In certain embodiments of the invention grooves 226 represent direct and oblique or spiral grooves or ridges. In some embodiments of the invention grooves 226 are located at the same distance from each other along the surface of the tubular element 216. In some embodiments of the invention grooves 226 are part threaded surface of tubular element 216 (grooves made in the form of winding on the surface of the thread). Shaped grooves 226 can be varied. For example, grooves 226 may contain square edges, rectangular region, the v-shaped edges, u-shaped edges or rounded edges.

Groove 226 increase the effective resistance of tubular element 216 by increasing the length of the path of the induced current on the surface of the tubular element. Groove 226 increase the effective resistance of tubular element 216 compared with tubular element with the same internal and external diameters with smooth surfaces. Because the induced current moves along the axis, then he should move up and down the grooves along the surface of the tubular element. Thus, the depth of the main grooves 226 can be changed with the purpose of getting selected resistance in tubular element 216. For example, increasing the depth of grooves increases the length of the path and resistance.

Increase resistance of tubular element 216 with grooves 226 increases production of tubular heat compared with tubular element with smooth surfaces. Thus, the same electric current in an electric conductor 214 will provide for greater heat dissipation in tubular element, on which surface radius are grooves, compared with tubular element with a smooth surface. Therefore, to ensure the same heat transfer in a tubular element, on which surface radius are grooves, compared with tubular element with a smooth surface required less current in an electric conductor 214 with tubular element, the surface of which the radius is located grooves.

7 shows an implementation option heater 212, divided into sections of tubular element that is made to ensure changing teplootdachu along the length of the heater. Heater 212 may contain areas A, B, C, 216D tubular element with different properties, what is being done to ensure different teplootdachu in every part of tubular element. Heat tubular sections 216D may be less than the heat transfer equipped with grooves areas A, B, C. Examples of properties that can be modified include, inter alia, thickness, diameter cross-sectional area, resistance, materials, number of grooves, depth of grooves. Various properties of the tubular elements A, B and C can provide different maximum temperature (for example, different Curie temperature or the temperature of phase transformation) along the length of the heater 212. Different maximum temperature tubular sections provide different heat transfer tube stations. Sites, such as equipped with grooves plot A may be separate areas, which are placed at the bottom of the wellbore during a separate installation procedures. Some sites, such as equipped with grooves areas V and C, can be connected to each other not containing grooves plot 216D and can be lowered into the borehole together.

Providing various teplootdachu along heater 212 can provide a variety heating in one or more of hydrocarbon layers. For example, heater 212 can be divided into two or more sections of heating to ensure different teplootdachu in different areas of hydrocarbon layer and/or various hydrocarbon layers.

In one embodiment, the invention of the first part of the heater 212 can provide heat for the first section of hydrocarbon layer, and the second part of the heater can provide heat for the second section of hydrocarbon layer. Hydrocarbons first section may be moving through heat, summed up the first part of the heater. Hydrocarbons second section can be heated second part of the heater to higher temperatures in comparison with the first sector. The higher temperature in the second segment may engage in enrichment of hydrocarbons of the second leg in comparison with the first sector. For example, hydrocarbons can be movable, go easy cracking and/or undergo pyrolysis in the second plot. Hydrocarbons from the first section can be moved to the second plot is through, for example, the working fluid, filed in the first section. In another example, the heater 212 may contain the ends, which provide large heat transfer with the aim of balancing the heat losses in the ends of the heater, you need to maintain a more constant temperature in the heated part of the layer.

In certain embodiments of the invention, three or a multiple of three, the number of electrical conductors is included into the reservoir and out of it through General trunks well, with tubular elements surrounded by electric conductors in parts of the reservoir, which will be heated. On Fig shows an implementation option electric conductors O, IN, WITH, which are included into the reservoir through the first General barrel 218a Centralnaya street of the well and which go from the reservoir through the second common trunk S well, with three tubular element A, WITH surrounded by electric conductors in hydrocarbon layer 224. In some embodiments of the invention electric conductors A IN, eat WITH one three-phase transformer windings connection type star. Tubular elements A, b, C and parts of electrical conductors A, b, C can be located in three separate trunks wells in hydrocarbon layer 224. Three separate wellbore can be done by drilling boreholes from the first common trunk 218a Centralnaya street well before the second common trunk V well and Vice versa or drilling both General trunks well and connection drilled holes in hydrocarbon layer.

The location of several induction heaters between only two trunks wells in hydrocarbon layer 224 reduces need for wells area on the surface, used for heating of the reservoir. The number of all wells drilled in the covering layers of the reservoir decreases, which reduces the capital cost of one heater in the reservoir. Energy losses in the covering layer can be a small part of the total number of announced in the reservoir of energy, because it reduced the number of wells located in the covering layer and is used to process of formation. In addition, the loss of energy in the covering layer can be less, as the three phases in the overall well holes essentially offset each other and prevent the formation induced currents in the well casing or other structures of all wells.

In some embodiments of the invention three or a multiple of three, the number of electrical conductors and tubular located in a separate well holes in the reservoir. Figure 9 shows a variant of implementation of the three conductors A, b, C and three tubular A, WITH in a separate well holes in the reservoir. Electric conductors A, b, C can be powered from a single-phase transformer 230 connection of windings on the type of star, with each electrical conductor is connected with one phase transformer. In some embodiments of the invention, one three-phase transformer windings connection type star is used to supply 6, 9, 12, and another three times the number of electrical conductors. Connection three times the number of electrical conductors with one three-phase transformer windings connection type star can reduce the cost of the equipment while ensuring power induction heaters.

In some embodiments of the invention two or multiple to two the number of electrical conductors is included into the reservoir through the first General wellbore and released from the reservoir through the second common wellbore, hydrocarbon layer, each electrical conductor surrounds tubular element. Fold two electrical conductors can be powered from a single two-phase transformer. In such scenarios, the invention, the electric conductors can be a homogeneous electric conductors (for example, isolated wires are made entirely of the same material), located in covering stations and heating stations insulated conductor. Reverse current in covering areas can reduce energy loss in covering areas trunks well as these currents reduce or suppress inductive effects in covering areas.

In certain embodiments of the invention tubular elements 216 shown in figure 2-8, contain several layers of ferromagnetic materials, separated electrical insulators. Figure 10 shows an implementation option multilayer induction tubular element. Tubular element contains 216 ferromagnetic layers A, b, C, separated electrical insulators A, C. figure 10 shows three ferromagnetic layer and two-layer electrical insulators. If desired, tubular element 216 may contain additional ferromagnetic layers and/or electrical insulators. For example, the number of layers can be selected to provide the necessary heat transfer tubular element.

Ferromagnetic layers A, WITH electrically isolated from the electrical conductor 214, for example, an air gap. Ferromagnetic layers A, WITH electrically isolated from each other electrical insulators A and B. Thus, it is not permitted to direct the flow of current between the ferromagnetic layers A, IN, and WITH an electrical conductor 214. When the current is served on electrical conductor 214, in ferromagnetic layers A, WITH electrical current is induced due to the ferromagnetic properties of the layers. Providing two or more electrically isolated ferromagnetic layers and provide a few turns to the induced current. A few turns to induced current can effectively perform the role of electrical loads connected in series to the power supply electrical conductor 214. A few turns to induced current can increase heat generation per unit length tubular element 216 compared with tubular element that contains only one round for the induced current. For the same tubular heat transfer element with multiple layers can have more stress and less power compared with tubular element containing a single layer.

In certain embodiments of the invention ferromagnetic layers A, b, C have the same ferromagnetic material. In some embodiments of the invention ferromagnetic layers A, b, C contain different ferromagnetic materials. The properties of the ferromagnetic layers A, b, C can be changed with the aim of providing various teplootdachu from different layers. Examples of the properties of the ferromagnetic layers A, b, C that can be changed are, inter alia, ferromagnetic material and thickness of the layers.

Electrical insulators A and 236 In can be made of magnesium oxide, porcelain enamel and/or other appropriate electrical insulator. The thickness and/or materials electrical insulators A and B can be modified with the purpose of reception of various operating parameters tubular element 216.

In some embodiments of the invention insulated conductors function as induction heaters. Figure 11 shows end view illustrating the cross-section of option implementation of insulated conductor 240, which is used as an induction heater. On Fig shows a side view containing the cross-section of a variant of the invention, shown figure 11. Insulated conductor contains 240 pin 234, electric insulator 236 and casing 238. Rod 234 may be copper electrical wire or electric conductor made of other non-ferromagnetic material with a small resistance, which prevents heat loss at all or heat dissipation from which small. In some embodiments of the invention rod can be covered with a thin layer of Nickel, which prevents you from moving parts of the rod in electric insulator 236. Electric insulator 236 can be made of magnesium oxide or may be other appropriate electrical insulator, which prevents an arc fault at high voltages.

Casing 238 contains at least one of ferromagnetic material. In certain embodiments of the invention, the casing 238 contains carbon steel or other ferromagnetic steel (for example, 410 stainless steel, stainless steel 446, stainless steel T/R, stainless steel T/ - R92, alloy 52, alloy 42 and Invar 36). In some embodiments, the invention, the casing 238 contains the outer layer corrosion-resistant materials (e.g. stainless steel, such as stainless steel N or stainless steel 304). The outer layer can be coated with a ferromagnetic material is or may be otherwise connected with ferromagnetic material using known in the art methods.

In certain embodiments of the invention, the casing thickness 238 is at least approximately 2 the depth of the skin layer of ferromagnetic material casing. In some embodiments, the invention, the casing thickness 238 is at least approximately 3 the depth of the skin layer, at least approximately 4 the depth of the skin layer, or, at least, about 5 depths of the skin layer. Increasing the thickness of a casing 238 can increase the heat insulated conductor 240.

In one embodiment, the invention rod 234 made from copper and its diameter is about 0.5 inch (1.27 cm), electric insulator 236 made of magnesium oxide and its thickness is about 0.20 inches (0.5 cm) (external diameter equal to about 0.9 inches (2.3 cm)and casing 238 made of carbon steel and its outer diameter is about 1.6 inches (4.1 cm) (thickness approximately equal to 0.35 inches (0,88 cm)). Outside casing 238 can be covered with a thin layer (thickness is approximately 0.1 inches (0.25 cm) (outer diameter is about 1.7 in (4.3 cm))) corrosion-resistant material, which is the stainless steel N.

In another embodiment, the invention, the rod 234 made from copper and its diameter is about 0,338 inches (0,86 cm), electric insulator 236 made of magnesium oxide and its thickness is about 0,096 inches (0,24 cm) (external diameter equal to approximately 0.53 inch (1.3 cm)and casing 238 made of carbon steel and its outer diameter is approximately 1.13 " (2.9 cm) (thickness approximately 0.3 inch (0,76 cm)). Outside casing 238 can be covered with a thin layer (thickness is about 0.065 inch (0,17 cm) (outer diameter is approximately 1.26 inches (3.2 cm))) corrosion-resistant material, which is the stainless steel N.

In another embodiment, the invention, the rod 234 made of copper, electric insulator 236 made of magnesium oxide and casing 238 is a thin layer of copper, surrounded carbon steel. Rod 234, electric insulator 236 and a thin layer casing 238 can be produced in one part of insulated conductor. Such isolated conductors can be made in the form of long parts insulated conductors (e.g., pieces of approximately 500 feet (150 m) or more.) Layer carbon steel casing 238 can be added by stretching out over the long carbon steel insulated conductor. Such an insulated conductor can generate heat only from the outside casing 238, as thin copper layer in the casing shorted on the inner surface of the shell.

In some embodiments, the invention, the casing 238 is made of several layers of ferromagnetic material. Multiple layers can be performed from the same ferromagnetic material or of different ferromagnetic materials. For example, in one embodiment, the invention, the casing 238 is a cover of carbon steel, the thickness of which is equal to 0.35 inches (0,88 cm) and which consists of three layers of carbon steel. The thickness of the first and second layers is 0.10 inches (0.25 cm), and the third layer thickness of 0.15 inches (0,38 cm). In another embodiment, the invention, the casing 238 is a cover of carbon steel, the thickness of which is equal to 0.3 inch (0,76 cm) and which consists of three layers of carbon steel, the thickness of each layer is equal to 0.10 (0,25 cm).

When the rod 234 served time-dependent current, rod induces an electric current on the surface casing 238 (as shown by arrows on Fig) thanks to the ferromagnetic properties of ferromagnetic material casing. In certain embodiments of the invention current is induced by both internal and on the external surface of the casing 238. In these cases the implementation of the induction heater casing 238 functions as a heating element insulated conductor 240.

When the Curie temperature or at temperatures close to it, or at temperatures of phase transformations of ferromagnetic material casing 238 magnetic permeability of ferromagnetic material decreases rapidly. When the magnetic permeability of the casing 238 is reduced when the Curie temperature or at temperatures close to it, or at temperatures of phase transformations in housing is weak current or no, because at these temperatures casing, essentially a non-ferromagnetic and rod 234 not able to induce a current in the casing. At a weak shock or its absence in the casing 238 temperature shroud will fall to a lower until, until you increase the magnetic permeability and the housing will not be a ferromagnetic. Thus, the housing 238 itself restricts its temperature at the Curie temperature or temperatures close to it, or the temperature of phase transformation and isolated conductor 240 functions as a heater with a limit of operating temperatures due to the ferromagnetic properties of the casing. Since the current is induced in the shell 238, the index of the range may be higher and the current drop more acute for casing as compared with the case where the current is directly attached to the casing.

In certain embodiments of the invention of the computer cover 238 located in the covering layer of the reservoir, do not contain ferromagnetic material (for example, are non-ferromagnetic). The situation, when the covering of the housing 238 made of non-ferromagnetic material, prevent the induction of a current in covering parts of the casing. Thanks to prevent the induction of a current in covering parts are prevented or reduced energy losses in covering parts.

On Fig shows a cross-section of option implementation of insulated conductor 240 with two segments, which is used as an induction heater. On Fig shows a longitudinal cross section of a variant of the invention, with Fig. Insulated conductor is 240 insulated wire with two segments, which contains two rods 234A, two electrical insulator A, and two casing A, Century Two segments of the insulated conductor 240 can physically interact with each other, so that the casing A contact with the casing V along their lengths. Rods 234A, IN, electrical insulators A, and covers A, IN may contain materials that are used in the embodiment of insulated conductor 240 shown on 11 and 12.

As shown in Fig, rod 234A and rod 234 attached to the transformer 230 and terminal block 242. Thus, the rod 234A and rod V electrically connected in series so that the current terminal 234A flows in the opposite direction relative to the DC in terminal B, as is shown by arrows on Fig. Current rods 234A, induces a current in the housings A, respectively, as shown by the arrows on Fig.

In certain embodiments of the invention of the computer cover 23 8A and/or casing W contain electrically insulating coating (for example, coverage of porcelain enamel coating of aluminium oxide and/or floor made of aluminum oxide and titanium). Electrically insulating coating can prevent a situation where the currents in one casing affect current in another shell or Vice versa (for example, the current in one shell will neutralize the current in the other shell). Electric insulating enclosures from each other can prevent the decrease rate of change range heater due to the interaction of currents induced in housings.

As rods 234A and V consistently electrically connected with one transformer (transformer 230), isolated conductor 240 can be located in the wellbore, which ends in the reservoir (for example, the wellbore with a hole, leading to the surface, such as L-shaped or J-shaped borehole). Insulated conductor 240 shown in Fig, can function as an underground terminal induction heater, with electrical connections between the heater and supply voltage (transformer) are located in the same hole, leading to the surface.

Part covers A, in covering layer and/or near the reservoir sections, which are not heated up significantly (for example, thick clay interlayers between the two hydrocarbon layers)can be non-ferromagnetic order to prevent the induction of currents in these parts. The cover may contain one or more sections, which are electrically isolated to prevent the flow induced current in parts heater insulated conductor. Preventing currents induced in covering part covers prevents induction heating and/or loss of energy in covering part. Inducing other structures in the covering layer, which surrounds the insulated wire 240 (for example, in the well casing covering layer) can be prevented because the current terminal 234A flows in the opposite direction compared to the current terminal W.

On Fig shows a cross-section of the case for multi-layer insulated conductor that is used as induction Explorer. Insulated conductor contains 240 pin 234, surrounded by an electric insulator A, and the casing A. Electric insulator A and casing A contain the first layer insulated conductor 240. The first layer is surrounded by a second layer that contains an electric insulator V and casing W. Two layers of electrical insulators and shrouds shown Fig. If desired isolated conductor may contain additional layers. For example, the number of layers can be selected to ensure the required heat insulated conductor.

Covers A and B electrically isolated from the terminal 234 and from each other electrical insulator A and electrical insulator W. Thus, it is not permitted to direct the flow of current between jackets A and B and rod 234. When the current is served on the rod 234, in the casing A and housing V electrical current is induced due to the ferromagnetic properties of the covers. Providing two or more electric insulators and casings to ensure the presence of a few turns to the induced current. A few turns to induced current can effectively perform the role of electrical loads connected in series to the power supply of insulated conductor 240. A few turns to induced current can increase heat generation per unit length of insulated conductor 240 compared with insulated wire, containing only one round for the induced current. For the same heat insulated conductor with several layers can have more stress and less power compared with insulated wire that contain one layer.

In certain embodiments of the invention covers A and B contain the same ferromagnetic material. In some embodiments of the invention covers A and B contain different ferromagnetic materials. The property covers A and B may change with the aim of providing various teplootdachu from different layers. Examples of the properties of coverings A and B that can be changed are, inter alia, ferromagnetic material and thickness of the layers.

Electrical insulators A and B can be made of magnesium oxide, porcelain enamel and/or other appropriate electrical insulator. The thickness and/or materials electrical insulators A and B can be modified with the purpose of reception of various operating parameters insulated conductor 240.

On Fig shows end view of option implementation of the three isolated conductors 240, which are located in the flexible tubing pipe and used as induction heaters. Each isolated conductor 240 can be, for example, insulated wire, shown on 11, 12 and 15. The terminals insulated conductors 240 can be connected to each other so that the insulated conductors are electrically connected to three-phase star-shaped configuration. On Fig shown rods 234 insulated conductors 240 connected together by their ends.

As shown in Fig, insulated conductors 240 are tubular element 216. Tubular element 216 can be flexible tubing pipe or other flexible pump and compressor tubular element or casing pipe. Insulated conductors are 240 can be located spiral inside the tubular element 216 to reduce stress on isolated conductors, when they reeled, for example, on drums for winding of flexible tubing. Tubular element 216 enables you to install insulated conductors in reservoir using devices for flexible alluvial-compressor pipes and protects insulated conductors during installation in the reservoir.

As shown in Fig, insulated conductors 240 attached to a supporting element, 244. Supporting element 244 provides support for insulated conductors 240. Insulated conductors are 240 can be placed on supporting element 244 in the form of a spiral. In some embodiments of the invention supporting element contains 244 ferromagnetic material. The current can be induced in a ferromagnetic material support element 244. Thus, a basic element 244 can produce a certain amount of heat in addition to the heat produced in the guards isolated conductors 240.

In certain embodiments of the invention insulated conductors 240 held together on the support element, 244 using rim 246. Rim 246 can be made of stainless steel or other corrosion-resistant material. In some embodiments of the invention rim 246 contains several rims that hold together insulated conductors 240. The rims can be located periodically around isolated conductors 240 doing that to hold the wires together.

In some embodiments of the invention covers 238 shown on 11 and 12, or covers A, shown in Fig contain grooves or other details on the outer surface and/or the surface of the shell that is made with the purpose of increasing the effective resistance of the enclosure. Increase resistance casing 238 and/or covers A, groove increases the heat generation of coverings in comparison with cover with smooth surfaces. Thus, the same electric current in terminal 234 and terminals 234A, provides greater heat transfer in housings with surfaces with grooves, compared with cover with smooth surfaces.

In some embodiments, the invention, the casing 238 (such as covers 238 shown on 11 and 12, or covers A, shown in Fig) divided into sections with the aim of providing various teplootdachu along the lengths of the heaters. For example, the housing 238 and/or covers A, can be divided into sections similarly tubular elements A, B and C shown in Fig.7. Properties plots covers 238 shown on 11, 12 and 14 may be different with the purpose of providing various teplootdachu in each area. Examples of properties that can be modified include, inter alia, thickness, diameter, resistance, materials, number of grooves, depth of grooves. Various properties of sites can provide different maximum temperature (for example, different Curie temperature or the temperature of phase transformation) along the length of insulated conductor 240. Different maximum temperature of sites provide different heat transfer stations.

In certain embodiments of the invention induction heaters contain insulated electric conductors, surrounded coiled ferromagnetic materials. For example, coiled ferromagnetic materials can work as induction heating elements, similar tubular items 216, shown in figure 2-8. On Fig shows an implementation option induction heater with pivot 234 and electrical insulator 236, surrounded ferromagnetic layer 232. Rod 234 can be made of copper or an electrical conductor made of other non-ferromagnetic material with a small resistance, which prevents heat loss at all or heat dissipation from which small. Electric insulator 236 can be a polymeric electric insulator, such as teflonž, cross-linked polyethylene and ethylene-propylene Montana. In some embodiments of the invention rod 234 and electric insulator 236 performed together in the form of cable, polymer coated (insulator). In some embodiments, the invention, the electric insulator 236 made of magnesium oxide or is in any other appropriate electrical insulator, which prevents the arcing at high voltages and/or high temperatures.

In certain embodiments of the invention ferromagnetic layer 232 coiled on the rod 234 and electric insulator 236. Ferromagnetic layer 232 can contain carbon steel or other ferromagnetic steel (410 stainless steel, stainless steel 446, stainless steel T/R, stainless steel T/ - R92, alloy 52, alloy 42 and Invar 36).

Spiral wrap ferromagnetic layer 232 on the heater can improve the management of the thickness of the ferromagnetic layer in comparison with other ways of manufacture of induction heaters. For example, to change the heating heater can be wound more than one ferromagnetic layer 232. The number of ferromagnetic layers 232 can be selected so as to ensure the required heat output of heater. On Fig shows an implementation option induction heater with two ferromagnetic layers A, which are coiled on the rod 234 and electric insulator 236. In some embodiments of the invention ferromagnetic layer A wound in the opposite direction compared to the ferromagnetic layer V that is made to ensure there is no torque applied to the heater. Zero torque can be useful when the heater is suspended in the hole in the reservoir or dangle in this hole.

The number spiral turns (such as the number of ferromagnetic layers) can be changed to change heat transfer induction heater. In addition, with the aim of changing the heat transfer induction heater can change other parameters. Other examples of changing parameters may include, among other things, apply current applied frequency, geometry, ferromagnetic materials and thickness and/or the number of spiral turns.

The use of coiled ferromagnetic layers can afford to produce induction heaters in the form of continuous long segments by the spiral winding of ferromagnetic material in long sections normal or easy manufactured insulated cable. Thus, induction heaters with a spiral winding of may differ reduced cost of production compared to other induction heaters. Coiled ferromagnetic layers can increase the mechanical flexibility induction heater compared with induction heaters containing solid ferromagnetic tubular element. Increased flexibility can allow to bend induction heaters with a spiral winding of a relatively projections of surfaces such as places of connection to the device hanging.

On Fig shows an implementation option installation ferromagnetic layer 232 on the insulated wire 240. Insulated conductor 240 can be the cable from insulated wire (for example, cable conductor and inorganic insulation or cable with conductor and polymer insulation) or an other suitable conductive rod, covered with insulation.

In certain embodiments of the invention ferromagnetic layer 232 made of ferromagnetic material 254 supplied with drum 252 and spooled on the insulated wire 240. Drum 252 can be a drum for flexible tubing or other rotating drum, intended for giving of material. Drum 252 can rotate insulated conductor 240 on winding ferromagnetic material 254 on the insulated wire that make for the formation of ferromagnetic layer 232. Insulated conductor 240 can be served with drum or rolls when you spin around 252 insulated conductor.

In some embodiments of the invention ferromagnetic material 254 heated to its winding on the insulated wire 240. For example, ferromagnetic material 254 can be heated using induction heater 256. Preliminary heating of ferromagnetic material 254 to its winding may allow the ferromagnetic material to be compressed and secured on a stand-alone guide 240 cooling ferromagnetic material.

In some embodiments of the invention part of the surface casing pipes in covering the areas of barrels of heating wells are made so as to increase the effective diameter of the casing. Casing pipes in covering the areas of barrels of heating wells may be, among other things, casing cover of the parcel, heating casing pipe, tubular heating elements and/or covers insulated conductors. The increase of the effective diameter of the casing can reduce induction action in a pipe, when the current is used to power the heater or heaters under the covering layer is a casing pipe (for example, when one phase of the power transmitted on covering the area). When the current is transmitted in only one direction through the covering layer, the current can induce other currents in the ferromagnetic or other conductive materials so that these currents are present in the well casing cover layer. These induced currents can cause unwanted loss of energy and/or undesirable heating in covering layer formation.

On Fig shows an implementation option casing 248 with ribbed surface or the surface of which contains grooves. In certain variants of the invention, the casing pipe 248 contains grooves 250. In some embodiments of the invention grooves are 250 grooves or contain grooves. Groove 250 can be made as a part of the surface casing 248 (for example, casing pipe formed by surfaces containing groove or groove can be done by adding material to the surface casing or extraction (for example, milling) of the material. For example, grooves 250 can be located on a long stretch of tubular element, which is welded to the casing pipe 248.

In certain embodiments of the invention grooves 250 located on the external surface of the casing 248. In some embodiments of the invention grooves 250 located on the inner surface of the casing 248. In some embodiments of the invention grooves 250 are both external and internal surfaces of the casing 248.

In certain embodiments of the invention grooves are 250 axial grooves (grooves are longitudinally along the length of the casing 248). In certain embodiments of the invention grooves 250 are direct, sloping or spiral in the longitudinal direction. In some embodiments of the invention grooves 250 are essentially axial grooves or helical grooves with significant longitudinal component (i.e. the spiral angle is less than 10°, less than 5 degrees or less than 1 degree). In some embodiments of the invention grooves 250 are essentially axis along the length of the casing 248. In some embodiments of the invention grooves 250 evenly distributed over the surface casing 248. If desired shape grooves 250 can be varied. For example, grooves can contain 250 square edges, the v-shaped edges, u-shaped edges or rounded edges.

Groove 250 increase effective perimeter casing 248. Groove 250 increase effective perimeter casing 248 compared with the perimeter casing pipes with the same inner and outer diameters and smooth surfaces. The depth of the main grooves 250 may change with the purpose of obtaining effective perimeter casing 248. For example, axial grooves, the width of which is equal to 1 / 4 inch (0,63 cm), and the depth equal to 1 / 4 inch (0,63 cm) and its distance from each other at a distance of 1 / 4 inch (0,63 cm), can increase the effective perimeter of pipes in diameter of 6 inches (15.24 cm) with 18,84 inches (47,85 cm) to 37,68 inches (95,71 cm) (or to the pipe diameter, the diameter of which is 12 inches (30.48 cm))

In certain embodiments of the invention grooves 250 increase effective perimeter casing 248, at least in 2 times in comparison with the casing pipe such as inner and outer diameters and smooth surfaces. In some embodiments of the invention grooves 250 increase effective perimeter casing 248 at least 3 times at least 4 times, or at least 6 times in comparison with the casing pipe such as inner and outer diameters and smooth surfaces.

The increase in the effective perimeter casing 248 with grooves 250 increases the surface area of the casing. The increase in surface area of casing pipes 248 reduces the induced current in the casing pipe for a given flow of current. Energy losses associated with induction heating of the casing pipe 248, reduced compared to the casing pipe with a smooth surface, because of the reduced induced current. Thus, the same electric current is less heat loss from induction heating in the casing pipe surfaces containing axial grooves, compared with a case of casing pipes with smooth surface. Decrease of heat loss in covering the area of the heater increases the efficiency of the heater and reduces the costs associated with the operation of the heater. The increase in the effective perimeter casing 248 and reduction of the effects caused by the induced current in the casing pipe provide manufacturing of casing pipes of cheaper materials such as carbon steel.

In some embodiments of the invention electrically insulating coating (for example, coverage of porcelain enamel) is located on one or more surfaces of the casing 248, what is done to prevent loss of current and/or energy losses in the casing pipe. In some embodiments, the invention, the casing pipe 248 made of two or more longitudinal sections casing pipes (for example, longitudinal sections, welded to each other or screwed to each other ends). Longitudinal sections can be aligned so as to align the groove of these sites. Alignment stations can afford to flow through grooves cement or other materials.

In the light of the present description of specialists in this field can be clear additional modifications and alternative options for implementing the various aspects of the present invention. Accordingly, this description is considered illustrative point of view and with the aim of training specialists in this field General way of realization of this invention. It is clear that shown and described here form of the invention should be considered as the preferred currently embodiments of the invention. Shown and described here, elements and materials can be replaced parts and methods can be changed and some features of the invention can be used independently, which is clearly a specialist in this field after understanding the description of the present invention. In the described items may be amended, which are within the scope and nature of the invention described in the accompanying claims. In addition, it is clear that described here independent characteristics can be combined in some embodiments of the invention.

1. Heating system underground formation containing essentially u-shaped extended electrical conductor placed in the underground reservoir, with an electrical conductor is located between at least the first electric contact in the first place on the surface of the reservoir and the second electric contact in the second place on the surface of the reservoir; and ferromagnetic Explorer, and ferromagnetic Explorer, at least partially surrounds electrical conductor, and at least partly runs along the electrical conductor in hydrocarbon layer in the underground reservoir, with ferromagnetic the guide is electrically isolated from electrical conductor in such a way as to prevent the flow of current between the ferromagnetic guide and an electrical conductor, with an electrical conductor, when he served time-varying electric current, induces an electrical current in ferromagnetic Explorer, sufficient to ferromagnetic conductor heated by resistance to a temperature of at least approximately 300 OC S.

2. The system of claim 1 in which the ferromagnetic Explorer is configured to provide heat, at least for part of the underground reservoir.

3. The system of claim 1 in which the ferromagnetic conductor is made with the possibility to become warm due to resistance to a temperature of at least approximately 500°N

4. The system of claim 1 in which the ferromagnetic conductor is made with the possibility to become warm due to resistance to a temperature of at least approximately 700°N

5. The system of claim 1 in which the ferromagnetic conductor at least the length of about 10 m, made with the possibility to become warm due to resistance to a temperature of at least approximately 300 OC S.

6. The system of claim 1 in which the ferromagnetic Explorer contains carbon steel.

7. The system of claim 1 in which an electrical conductor is at the heart of insulated conductor.

8. The system of claim 1 in which the thickness of the ferromagnetic Explorer at least 2.1 times more depth the skin layer of ferromagnetic material in ferromagnetic conductor at temperature 50 C less Curie temperature ferromagnetic material.

9. The system of claim 1 in which the ferromagnetic Explorer and electrical conductor configured to eliminate the possibility of occurrence of an electric current from an electrical conductor in ferromagnetic Explorer and Vice versa.

10. The system of claim 1 in which the ferromagnetic conductor is made with the possibility of separation of the various heat power along at least the length of the ferromagnetic conductors.

11. The system of claim 1 in which the ferromagnetic guide contains various materials along at least part of its length, allowing various thermal power along at least the length of the ferromagnetic conductors.

12. The system of claim 1 in which the ferromagnetic conductor performed with different sizes along at least the length of the ferromagnetic Explorer, in order to provide various thermal power along at least the length of the ferromagnetic conductors.

13. The system of claim 1, characterized in that it additionally contains a coating of corrosion-resistant material for at least part of ferromagnetic conductors.

14. The system of claim 1 in which the ferromagnetic Explorer, essentially, is cylindrical and its diameter leaves from about 3 cm to about 13 see

15. The system of claim 1 in which at least about 10 m length ferromagnetic Explorer is located in containing hydrocarbons layer underground reservoir.

16. The system of claim 1 in which an electrical conductor made with the possibility of passing an electric current in one direction from the first electrical contact to the second electric contact.

17. The system of claim 1 in which the ferromagnetic Explorer is ferromagnetic tubular element.

21. The method according to claim 20, characterized by the fact that provide heat transfer from ferromagnetic Explorer, at least to a part of the underground reservoir.

22. The method according to claim 20, characterized by the fact that serves the electrical current in an electrical conductor in one direction from the first electrical contact to the second electric contact.

23. The method according to claim 20, characterized by the fact that provide heat transfer from ferromagnetic Explorer, at least to a part of the underground reservoir so that the hydrocarbons in the reservoir began moving.

24. The method according to claim 20, characterized by the fact that provide heat transfer from ferromagnetic Explorer, at least to a part of the underground reservoir so that the hydrocarbons in the reservoir began moving, and are mined at least some amount of movable hydrocarbons from the reservoir.

25. The method according to claim 20, characterized by the fact that heat resistance due to at least one more ferromagnetic Explorer, located in the reservoir, and provide a supply of heat from one or more ferromagnetic conductors so that was the imposition of heat in the reservoir from at least two of these ferromagnetic conductors and this heat caused the mobility of hydrocarbons in the reservoir.