Lubricant compositions for transmissions

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a lubricant composition for a gear box with kinematic viscosity at 100°C, making from 5.5 to 7 mm²/s, containing one or several phosphorus-containing, sulphur-containing or sulphur and phosphorus containing additives, which increase wear resistance, and/or additives for limit pressure, at least one methyl ether of fatty acid with formula RCOOCH₃, where R is paraffin or olefin group containing from 11 to 23 atoms of carbon, and either at least one compound selected from the group of heavy poly-alpha-olefins with kinematic viscosity at 100°C, measured in accordance with the standard ASTM D445, making from 300 to 1200 mm²/s, and with molecular weight from 4000 to 50000 Da, or at least one compound selected from the group of light poly-alpha-olegin with kinematic viscosity at 100°C, making from 1.5 to 3 mm²/s, with kinematic viscosity at 40°C, making from 4 to 6 mm²/s, and with molecular weight of less than 500 Da in combination with one or several compounds, such as polymethacrylates with molecular weight of less than 30000 Da, and where the ratio of mass percentage content of polymethacrylate (polymethacrylates) and mass percentage content of ether (ethers) of fatty acid makes from 0.8 to 1.2. Also this invention relates to application of a lubricant composition for gear boxes and to application of bases that are methyl ethers of fatty acid as a lubricant base.

EFFECT: production of compositions for transmissions making it possible to considerably save fuel.

22 cl, 9 tbl, 2 dwg, 8 ex

The technical field

The present invention relates to lubricating compositions for transmissions, in particular for transmission, and to their use in order to limit the consumption of fuel in motor vehicles. Compositions according to the present invention suitable for all types of vehicles, in particular passenger vehicles, and, in particular, adapted for vehicles with hybrid engine

Modern care about the environment, particularly in terms of reducing emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, imposes an urgent need to reduce fuel consumption passenger cars and commercial vehicles, construction and agricultural machinery. In particular, increasing the requirement to ensure that these nodes, such as the motor, transmission, gearboxes, compressors and hydraulic systems has contributed to the reduction of energy consumption.

Therefore, the lubricant used in these units should ensure the reduction of losses due to friction and splashing to the lowest possible level. Specialists know that the reduction of viscosity of lubricating oil is a means to improve fuel economy at the level of the transmission.

Research conducted on the test stand transmission, including the impact of the combination of engine and transmission, showed that the achieved saving of fuel is directly proportional to the viscosity of the transmission lubricant at the operating temperature, a component usually from 20 to 40°C when using vehicles on short runs. The best performance is obtained when using oils with a kinematic viscosity measured in accordance with standard ASRM D445, and approximately 20 mm²/s at the operating temperature.

On the other hand, specifications constructors require transmission oils for private cars, in particular, viscosity at 100°C (or 100 KB), measured according to ASTM D445 constituting from 5 to 15 mm²/, often from 6 to 9 mm²/s, preferably about 6.5 mm²/s

This restriction applies to mechanical considerations constructive nature in regards to gears, bearings, predac. In fact, when the threshold viscosity below about 5 mm²/s would change the dimensions of the parts to reduce the load per unit area, because this lubricant is made would not contribute enough to hold the load.

Characteristics viscosity oils largely depend on the presence in their composition of lubricating bases in an amount not less than 50 wt.% of the total composition of the oil.

Thus, the composition of transmiss the traditional oils, significantly contribute to fuel economy or with significant properties to save fuel, or the so-called properties "eco-fuel" (eco-fuel), preferably carries lubricating bases with very high viscosity (PV). The viscosity grade of the lubricating base, measured according to ASTM D2270, allows you to assess the ability to limit the change in viscosity depending on temperature based on the dimensions of kinematic viscosity at 40°C. (KV40) and 100°C. (KV100) in accordance with ASTM D445.

PV is well known conventional mineral foundations at most 200. Some synthetic oils are achieved very high levels of ROS, about 400, but such a high PV accompanied by any significant viscosity or limited solubility of additives that are not used to tell the oil properties protection gear, friction control, etc. expected by the manufacturer. Therefore, to make fuel-efficient gear oil, based mainly on these foundations, it is difficult. Their cost and their availability is also difficult for large-scale industrial application of lubricants, including a significant number.

Some esters of fatty acids of natural origin are inherent very high the th indicator PV, order 250 or even 300 and above in combination with a low viscosity. However, in no hurry to apply these esters in automotive lubricants, in particular in engines and transmissions, as the esters of this type, liquid at ambient temperature, have at least one double bond in the chain acid residue, resulting in poor stability towards oxidation, where there is a risk of their destruction during the service.

Such esters being used as bases, can not withstand, in particular, testing for oxidation at high temperature with a catalyst or without catalyst, which is included in the technical specifications for the car manufacturers.

In an unexpected way by the applicant found that there was a possibility of transmission oil with a very high PV, above 250 or even 280, preferably above 300, even in the order of 320 or more, based on the foundations of natural origin type of the methyl esters of fatty acids, with a service life comparable to the lifetime of commercially available products. Oil for gearboxes, in particular, should serve as a "whole life", that is, so that it was not necessary to change them in the course of the life of the vehicle.

Not to commit himself to any theory, we can assume that these esters, which form on the surfaces of moving parts of the film, the call is sufficient to maintain the hydrodynamic regime under heavy load, limiting the heating of the oil during operation. Thus, despite the mediocre results when standard tests on the oxidation performance are satisfactory.

Brief description of the invention.

The present invention relates to lubricating compositions for transmissions with a kinematic viscosity measured according to ASTM D445 at 100°C component from 5.5 to 7 mm²/s containing:

- one or more phosphorus-, sulfur-containing or sulfur-containing and phosphorus additives that prevent wear and/or additives, extreme pressure,

at least 30 wt.% at least one methyl ester of a fatty acid of formula SOON₃where R is a paraffinic or olefinic group containing from 11 to 23, preferably from 13 to 19 carbon atoms, and

or at least one compound selected from the group of heavy poly-alpha-olefins with a kinematic viscosity at 100°C, measured in accordance with ASTM D445 constituting from 40 to 3000 mm²/s, and with a molecular weight of more than 2500 daltons,

or at least one compound selected from the group of lung poly-alpha-olefins with a kinematic viscosity at 100°C, measured in accordance with ASTM D445, component from 1.5 to 6 mm²/s, and with molekulyarnoi weight less than 500 daltons in combination with one or more compounds of the type polymethacrylates with a molecular weight of less than 30,000 daltons.

In one of the embodiments, the lubricating composition comprises at least 20 wt.% at least one methyl ester of a fatty acid of formula R₁COOCH₃where R₁is one, two or trehstadiynoy olefinic group containing from 11 to 23, preferentially from 15 to 19, preferably 17 carbon atoms.

In another embodiment, the lubricating composition comprises at least 20 wt.%, at least one methyl ester of a fatty acid of formula R₂COOCH₃where R2 is odnostadiinoi olefinic group containing from 11 to 23, preferentially from 15 to 19, preferably 17 carbon atoms.

Preferably, the double bond in the olefin groups R1 and/or R2 are in the CIS-configuration.

Preferably, the mass fraction of heavy poly-alpha-olefin(s) in the lubricant composition is at least 10%, and the mass fraction of methyl(s) ether(s) fatty acids is not less than 60%.

In one of the embodiments, the lubricating composition comprises at least 50 wt.%, preferably at least 55 wt.%, at least one methyl ester of a fatty acid of formula R₁COOCH₃where R₁is one, two or trehstadiynoy olefinic group containing from 11 to 23, preferentially from 15 to 19, preferably 17 carbon atoms.

In another embodiment, Khujand the exercise of the lubricating composition comprises at least 45 wt.%, preferably at least 50 wt.%, at least one methyl ester of a fatty acid of formula R₂COOCH₃where R₂is odnostadiinoi olefinic group containing from 11 to 23, preferentially from 15 to 19, preferably 17 carbon atoms.

Preferably, the mass fraction of lung poly-alpha-olefin(s) in the lubricant composition is at least 10%, and the mass fraction of the mixture of polymethacrylate(s) methyl(s) ether(s) fatty acids is not less than 60%.

Preferably, the ratio of the mass fraction of polymethacrylate(s) and the mass fraction of methyl(s) ester(s) of fatty acid is from 0.8 to 1.2.

In one of the embodiments, the lubricating composition comprises at least 85 wt.%, preferably at least 90 wt.%, even more preferably, at least 95 wt.% one or more methyl esters of fatty acids of the formula RCOOCH₃where R is a paraffinic or olefinic group containing from 11 to 23, preferably from 13 to 19 carbon atoms, relative to the total weight of the fatty acid esters present in the said lubricant composition.

In another embodiment, the lubricating composition comprises at least 75 wt.%, preferably at least 80 wt.%, at least one methyl ester of a fatty acid of formula R₁COOCH₃where R₁is about the but, two or trehstadiynoy olefinic group containing from 11 to 23, preferentially from 15 to 19, preferably 17 carbon atoms, relative to the total weight of the fatty acid esters present in the said lubricant composition.

In another embodiment, the lubricating composition comprises at least 65 wt.%, preferably at least 70 wt.%, at least one methyl ester of a fatty acid of formula R₂COOCH₃where R₂is odnostadiinoi olefinic group containing from 11 to 23, preferentially from 15 to 19, preferably 17 carbon atoms, relative to the total weight of the fatty acid esters present in the said lubricant composition.

Preferably, the double bond in the olefin groups R1 and/or R2 are in the CIS-configuration.

In one of the embodiments, the lubricating composition contains not more than 15 wt.%, preferably not more than 10 wt.%, esters of saturated fatty acids relative to the total weight of the fatty acid esters present in the specified lubricant composition.

In another embodiment, the ratio S/P between the mass content of the element sulfur, measured according to ASTM D2622, and mass content of the element phosphorus, measured according to ASTM D5185, in the above-mentioned lubricating composition is from 3 to 60, predpochtitel is but less than 30, preferably less than 20, even more preferably less than 10 or 5 to 10.

In another embodiment, the lubricating composition has an index of ROS, measured according to ASTM D2270, above 250, preferably above 280, more preferably above 300.

Another aspect of the present invention concerns the application of the above-described lubricant compositions for transmissions for the implementation of fuel economy more than 1%, preferably more than 2.5%, which is measured according to standard test conditions NEDC (New European Driving Cycle) in accordance with the Directive of EEC 90/C81/01 setting for each country ceiling of emissions of certain pollutants to the atmosphere ("Emission test cycles for the certification of light duty vehicles in Europe ", Brussels, 2001), in vehicles equipped with manual or automatic transmission or automated manual transmission.

Preferably, the fuel savings is in the engines in passenger cars, preferably hybrid cars.

The preferred use on vehicles equipped with manual or automatic transmission or automated manual transmission.

Finally, the present invention relates to the use of lubricating bases representing the methyl esters of fatty acids containing not less than 85 wt.%, before occhialino at least 90%, even more preferably at least 95% of the methyl esters of fatty acids of the formula RCOOCH₃where R is a paraffinic or olefinic group containing from 11 to 23, preferably from 13 to 19 carbon atoms, with PV above 250, and a kinematic viscosity at 100°C. of less than 7 mm²/s as lubricating basis for preparation of oils for gearboxes, giving fuel savings of more than 1%, preferably more than 2.5%, which is measured according to standard test conditions NEDC in accordance with the Directive of EEC 90/C81/01 setting for each country ceiling of emissions of certain pollutants to the atmosphere (" Emission test cycles for the certification of light duty vehicles in Europe ", Brussels, 2001).

Preferred are compositions that contain at least 75 wt.%, preferably at least 80 wt.% at least one methyl ester of a fatty acid of formula R₁COOCH₃where R₁is one, two or trehstadiynoy olefinic group containing from 11 to 23, preferentially from 15 to 19, preferably 17 carbon atoms.

Preferred are compositions that contain at least 65 wt.%, preferably at least 70 wt.% at least one methyl ester of a fatty acid of formula R₂SOON₃where R₂is odnostadiinoi olefinic group containing from 11 to 23, preferably the t 15 to 19, preferable to 17 carbon atoms.

Preferably applied composition, where the double bonds of olefinic groups R₁and/or R₂are in the CIS-configuration.

Detailed description of the invention

Lubricating compositions according to the present invention are compositions for transmissions, more precisely for gearboxes that allow significant fuel savings in vehicles, in particular passenger cars, in particular in vehicles with hybrid drive.

Fuel savings measure by exposure to transmission bench testing or testing of the real car in the model cycle NEDC (also called ECE /EUDC (Extra Urban Driving Cycle) in accordance with the Indication of the EEC 90/C81/01 01 setting for each country ceiling of release of substances polluting the atmosphere ("Emission test cycles for the certification of light duty vehicles in Europe ", Brussels, 2001).

These indicators lubricating compositions to a large extent related to their low kinematic viscosity, in particular, with their kinematic viscosity at 40°C (characterizing the operating temperature in the short run), which is about 20-25 mm²/s, when measured according to ASTM D445.

For the protection of mechanical parts, oils according to the present invention have a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of from 5.5 to 7 mm²/s before occhialino from 6 to 7 mm ²/s, even more preferably from 6 to 6.7 mm²/s, when measured according to ASTM D445.

Thus, the oil according to the present invention to perform its role as mechanical protection details, providing fuel savings, should have an increased rate of ROS (ASTM 2270), above 250, preferably above 280, more preferably above 300, or about 320 and more.

To this end, the oil according to the present invention are prepared on the basis of lubricating bases type of methyl esters of fatty acids with high PV (above 250) and with a kinematic viscosity at 100°C. of less than 7 mm²/s, such as described hereinafter, in combination with heavy poly-alpha-olefins or with light poly-alpha-olefins in a mixture with polymethylacrylate and/or, if necessary, with some other compounds known in the art as additives thickeners.

In particular, the oils according to the present invention contain at least 30 wt.% at least one methyl ester of the fatty acid of the formula RCOOCH₃where R is a paraffinic or olefinic group containing from 11 to 23, preferably from 13 to 19 carbon atoms. This minimum content makes it possible to achieve high PV and low working viscosity, which gives the effect of fuel economy.

Oil according to the present invention can contain not less than 35, not less than 50, or at least 60, 70 or 80% of such methyl esters of fatty acids. It should be noted that a very high content of such esters, more than 70 wt.% or more than 80 wt.%, may have adverse effects on the level of insoluble substances formed during aging oils.

So usually their content should be between 30 to 80% or from 30 to 70%. In variants containing light Pow combination with PMA, their content usually will be from 30 to 50% or from 30 to 40%.

Preferably, the prevailing methyl esters of fatty acids correspond to the formula R₁SOON₃where R₁is one, two or trehstadiynoy olefinic group containing from 11 to 23, preferentially from 15 to 19, preferably 17 carbon atoms. Lubricant composition for transmission according to the present invention preferably contain at least 20 wt.%, preferably at least 25 wt.% such esters.

Even more preferably, the prevailing methyl esters of fatty acids correspond to the formula R₂SOON₃where R₂is odnostadiinoi olefinic group containing from 11 to 23, preferentially from 15 to 19, preferably 17 carbon atoms. Lubricant composition for transmission according to the present invention preferably contain at least 20 wt.% such esters.

The basic system of the lubricants according to the present invention can also be supplemented with other foundations, so that the RO received the lubricating compositions was higher than 250, preferably above 280, more preferably above 300, or about 320 and above, and a kinematic viscosity at 100°C referred to lubricating compositions ranged from 5.5 to 7 mm²/s, preferably from 6 to 6.5 mm²/s

Referred to other bases can be the basics of mineral, synthetic or natural origin. Still preferably will not apply any Foundation containing esters of fatty acids, in addition to the basics, containing methyl esters of fatty acids, as described below.

Bases containing methyl esters of fatty acids

The basics of the type of fatty acid esters used in the preparation of greases according to the present invention, referred to here as "bases containing methyl esters of fatty acids" are actually mixtures of esters of fatty acids containing not less than 85 wt.%, preferably at least 90 wt.% or at least 92 wt.%, preferably at least 95 wt.%, even more preferably at least 98 wt.% or at least 99 wt.% methyl esters of fatty acids corresponding to the formula of SOON ₃where R represents a paraffinic or olefinic group containing from 11 to 23, preferably from 13 to 19 carbon atoms.

Bases containing methyl esters of fatty acids used in the lubricants according to the present invention, also preferably virtually devoid of impurities of the type of ethyl esters or generally esters of alcohols containing 2 carbon atoms or more.

They also almost no mono-, di - and triglycerides, as well as connections type Sterol or a tocopherol (vitamin E).

Indeed, such impurities can affect the level of viscosity or PV ester bases, which leads, in particular, to the values of the PV below desirable (PV less than 250).

Thus, the total content of such impurities should be less than 15 wt.%, preferably less than 10 wt.%, or 8 wt.% or 5 wt.% in ester bases, used for preparation of greases according to the present invention, even more preferably less than 2%, or less than 1 wt.%.

Such bases containing methyl esters of fatty acids preferably contain at least 70 wt.%, preferably at least 75 wt.%, even more preferably at least 80 wt.% at least one methyl ester of a fatty acid of formula R₁COOCH₃where R₁is one, two or trehstadiynoy olefinic gr is POI, containing from 11 to 23, preferentially from 15 to 19, preferably 17 carbon atoms,

Preferably, these bases containing methyl esters of fatty acids, contain not less than 65 wt.%, preferably at least 70 wt.% at least one methyl ester of a fatty acid of formula R₂COOCH₃where R₂is odnostadiinoi olefinic group containing from 11 to 23, preferentially from 15 to 19, preferably 17 carbon atoms. Preferably, the length of the medium-chain fatty acids constituting the esters of the above mentioned bases, ranges from 17 to 19.

In such framework, containing methyl esters of fatty acids, the double bond in groups of R₁and/or R₂preferably are in the CIS-configuration.

"CIS"configuration refers to a form of "bath", where both hydrogen are one and the same side of the double bond C=C, "TRANS"configuration refers to a form of "chair".

The configuration is CIS - or TRANS - mentioned methyl esters odnominutnyh fatty acids affect the technical characteristics of the latter. The double bond CIS - creates a bend in the carbon chain, whereas the double bond in the TRANS has a relatively elongated structure.

Unsaturated fatty acid in natural form are presented mainly in CIS-form. The TRANS-form is presented in natural form with a frequency of approximately is 2 to 8 wt.% in milk fat, approximately 4.5 wt.% fat cattle and small ruminants. However, the last form is obtained in vast numbers during the industrial process of hydrogenation of fatty chains of some vegetable oils.

Preferably, these bases containing methyl esters of fatty acids contain less than 5 wt.% methyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids bearing at least one double bond in their olefinic chain in the form TRANS ("methyl esters of TRANS-unsaturated fatty acids").

Esters of fatty acids can be obtained from the fatty acids obtained from natural sources or from synthetic fatty acids obtained, for example, petroleum fractions.

Under fatty acids understand monocellate with a linear hydrocarbon chain containing from 8 to 24 carbon atoms. They can be saturated, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated. Fatty acids from natural sources contain an even number of carbon atoms.

Such, for example, methyl esters of palmitoleic (16-1), oleic (18-1), linoleic (18-2), linolenic (18-3), Aksenova (20-1), erucic (22-1) or Neronova acid (24-1). Especially preferred is the methyl ester of oleic acid (18-1).

Among the methyl esters of the above fatty acids are preferred, in particular, as probed the subsequent connection methyl esters of palmitoleic (16-1), oleic (18-1), linoleic (18-2) acids. Especially preferred is the methyl ester of oleic acid.

They are represented, for example, in vegetable oils in the form of triglycerides or Trifonov glycerin. Hydrolysis of triglycerides leads to the corresponding fatty acids and glycerol. Methyl esters obtained by the esterification of fatty acids or directly by interesterification of oils with methanol.

As a natural oils and can lead coconut, palm, olive, peanut, rapeseed and sunflower oils, derived from plants unmodified or genetically modified to increase the content of oleic acid (oleic rapeseed and sunflower), soy, cottonseed oil, and pork and beef fat.

Preferably, the foundations, containing methyl esters of fatty acids used in the present invention are of natural origin, in particular vegetable, and are obtained, for example, from palm, olive, and peanut oils or conventional or oleic rapeseed or sunflower oil.

For the basics of the type of the methyl esters of fatty acids used in the present invention, a typical kinematic viscosity at 100°C, measured according to ASTM D445, ranging from 1.5 to 10 mm²/s, preferably from 1.5 to 7 mm²/s, and PV (ASTM 2270) of the order of 250-400.

The PV of these principles in the typical case above 250, preferably above 280 or above 300, or about 320 and more.

They are used as lubricating base in the compositions according to the present invention and comprises by weight at least 30 wt.% the ultimate lubricant, preferably at least 35 wt.%. They can be submitted until the content of the order of at least 50 wt.% or 60 wt.%, or 70 wt.%, even at least 80 wt.% in relation to the total weight of the grease.

The lubricant according to the present invention composed of the above bases containing methyl esters of fatty acids with high PV, show excellent results in fuel savings when they are used, for example, as oil for gearboxes.

They also have very good thermal stability, which is measured in type tests GFCT-021-A-90, when the blowing air is replaced by blowing with nitrogen.

To avoid ambiguity, clarify that the minimum content of methyl esters of fatty acids in the compositions according to the present invention, constituting 30%, and the minimum content of methyl esters of fatty acids in the above framework, containing methyl esters of fatty acids of 85%, does not imply esters in the form of sulfur-containing, phosphorus-containing and serovodorodsoderzhashchij compounds that can present the work as additives against wear and additives extreme pressure.

In addition, these values do not imply borate esters which may be present as friction modifiers.

Poly-alpha-olefins and ACA

Heavy poly-alpha-olefins

Poly-alpha-olefins used in the lubricating compositions according to the present invention are so-called heavy or viscous poly-alpha-olefins. In mixture with the above-described esters and, where appropriate, with the ACA they can achieve in the lubricating compositions according to the present invention the desired viscosity (from 5.5 to 7 mm²/s, preferably from 6 to 7 mm²/s, even more preferably from 6 to 6.7 mm²/s at 100°C), without reducing the PV, which remains above 250.

Connection type heavy poly-alpha-olefins (PAO), or "viscous" PJSC included in the composition according to the present invention, choose among PSC with a kinematic viscosity at 100°C, measured according to ASTM D445, component and from 40 to 3000 mm²/s, preferably from 150 to 1500, preferably from 300 to 1200 mm²/s

Their molecular mass Mw is more than 2500 daltons, typically about 4000-50000.

Their average molecular weight MP is more than 2500 daltons, usually from 3,000 to 20,000, preferably from 3000 to 10000, preferably from 3000 to 7000.

The index of their polydispersity Mw/Mn is in the order of 1.1 to 5, and more.

The decree is installed poly-alpha-olefins can be in particular, derived from monomers, such as octene, the mission dodecen, tetradecene, hexadecene etc., taken individually or in a mixture with other olefins.

They can be used by themselves or in a mixture in the form of a composition according to the present invention and represent not less than 10 wt.% these compositions. Their mass fraction in these compositions is preferably less than 30%, which allows to avoid the limited solubility of additives or too high viscosity. In other words, the mass fraction of heavy PJSC should be high enough to give the composition the desired viscosity, but must remain within certain limits, so that the composition is not too viscous or to not have any difficulties with the solubility of additives.

Their typical content in lubricants for gearboxes according to the present invention is from 10 to 25 wt.%, or from 10 to 20 wt.%, or from 15 to 25 wt.%, or from 10 to 18 wt.%, preferably from 15 to 18 wt.%.

Preferably, when the lubricant composition for transmission according to the present invention contain heavy PJSC described above, the mass content of methyl esters of fatty acids of the formula RCOOCH₃where R represents a paraffinic or olefinic group containing from 11 to 23, preferably from 13 to 19 carbon atoms, in these to the positions exceeds 60%.

In this case, preferably, they contain at least 50 wt.%, preferably at least 55 wt.% at least one methyl ester of a fatty acid of formula R₁COOCH₃where R₁is one, two or trehstadiynoy olefinic group containing from 11 to 23, preferentially from 15 to 19, preferably 17 carbon atoms.

Even more preferably, they contain in this case, at least 45 wt.%, preferably at least 50 wt.%, at least one methyl ester of fatty acid of formula R₂SOON₃where R₂is odnostadiinoi olefinic group containing from 11 to 23, preferentially from 15 to 19, preferably 17 carbon atoms.

ACA and light poly-alpha-olefins

Compositions according to the present invention can be prepared with a high content of bases containing methyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids (50 wt.% basis, even 60, 70% or more, which corresponds respectively to the mass content of methyl ester of unsaturated fatty acids (C₁₂-C₂₄preferably C₁₆-C₂₄preferably C₁₈, 35%, 45% or 50% or more relative to the total mass of the grease).

In addition, these compositions have the disadvantage that not compatible with all paired elastomers, in particular acrylate and fluorinated elastomers

To this end, in one embodiment of the present invention useable ester bases is replaced with one or more compounds of the type polymethacrylates (PMA), which compounds are well known to the specialists and are usually used as polymeric thickeners in the preparation of greases.

ACA according to the present invention have a kinematic viscosity at 100°C, measured according to ASTM D445, preferably less than 500 mm²/s or less than 250 mm²/s, or about 200 mm²/s

Preferably, the mass fraction of PMA is selected so that a mixture of methyl ester of fatty acid and PMA in the lubricant according to the present invention was not less than 60 wt.%.

Preferably, the mass fraction of PMA is approximately equal to the mass fraction of methyl esters of fatty acids, i.e. the ratio between the mass Dalia PMA and mass fraction of methyl esters of fatty acids is from 0.8 to 1.2.

Adding such PSE PV compounds according to the present invention is how-ever not significantly reduced.

To facilitate their mixing with the lubricating composition, marketed ACA presents in the form of a stock solution of polymer in oil. Mass fraction of PMA (active substance) in the mother solution is from 30 to 60%, often 50%.

The mass fraction of the ACA, see the s in the present description, it should be understood as the proportion of polymer mixture (active ingredient) plus the oil is thinner.

ACA used in the compositions according to the present invention have a relatively low molecular weight less than 30,000 daltons. However, their inclusion in the composition also requires the introduction of a co-solvent, which would also provide a kinematic viscosity at 100°C in the range from 5.5 to 7 mm²/s and to improve the compatibility of the lubricants according to the present invention with elastomers.

Such a co-solvent should not contribute to the reduction of ROS songs.

Thus, in embodiments of the present invention, including ACA, as a co-solvent called ACA are light PJSC.

Such PMA, as described above, are additives-thickeners, well known to specialists, whose role is to increase the viscosity both at high and at low temperatures.

In one embodiment of the present invention as an alternative to the ACA uses one or more other additives-thickeners, also familiar to specialists, in combination with the light PJSC, described later, as a co-solvent. Other additives thickeners can be used by themselves or in mixtures, in particular in a mixture with PMA, exactly in the same conditions as PMA.

These other thickeners you yaytsa on the principle of high PV (above 200, preferably above 250 or above 280 or 300, preferably about 320 or more) and on the basis of their resistance to tangential voltage, suitable for use in the composition of lubricants for gearboxes.

For replacement parts ester bases used in the compositions according to the present invention, it is possible to use copolymers of PJSC/ethylene, such as LUCANTO (Mitsui), or dimers of ethylene-propylene (EPDM)such as TRILENE CF 80 (LYON Copolymers, or styrene-acrylate copolymers, or derivatives thereof, or copolymers ACA. Polyisobutene not bring sufficient PV and OCR or terpolymer sensitive to tangential stress.

Some of these compounds, such as EPDM, presented in the form of liquids, consisting almost exclusively of current polymeric beginning (that is, for example, Trilin consists almost exclusively of EPDM).

Other presents in the form of a stock solution of polymer compounds (effectors) in oil-based. This is, for example, refers to copolymers of PJSC/ethylene, which consist of 30 to 60 wt.%, often 50 wt.%, of the polymer (the beginning of the current) in the oil-solvent.

In the latter case, the mass fraction of thickeners described in the present description, should be understood as the proportion of the polymer mixture (applicable beginning) plus the oil-solvent.

Preferably, the mass is the share of such thickeners, by themselves or in a mixture, or, in particular in a mixture with the above ACA, is selected so that the mixture of methyl esters of fatty acids with a thickener(s) and, if necessary, with the ACA by weight not less than 60% of the lubricants according to the present invention.

Preferably, the mass fraction of one or more thickeners or mixtures of thickeners and ACA is almost equal to that of methyl esters of fatty acids. That is, the ratio between the mass fractions of one or more thickeners or mixtures of thickeners and ACA and the mass fraction of methyl esters of fatty acids is from 0.8 to 1.2.

Light PAIRS

As heavy PJSC and light PJSC, for example, be obtained from such monomers as octene, the mission dodecen, tetradecene, hexadecene etc., taken by themselves or in mixture with other olefins. You can also use them by themselves or as mixtures in the compositions according to the present invention.

PAO, called light, have a kinematic viscosity at 100°C, measured according to ASTM D445, from 1.5 to 6 mm²/s, preferably less than 3 mm²/s, about 2 mm²/s, kinematic viscosity at 40°C, measured according to ASTM D445, from 4 to 32 mm²/s, preferably less than 6 mm²/s, about 5 mm²/s, and the molecular weight is less than 500, preferably less than 300, in a typical case, about 90 or 285 Dalton.

They are by mass, preferably not less than 10% of lubricants for gearboxes according to the present invention. Their mass fraction is preferably less than 30% of these lubricants in order to avoid ponizhennoi solubility of additives. In other words, the mass fraction of lung PAO should be high enough to promote the solubility of the ACA (and/or other thickeners, as described above)required to give the composition the desired viscosity, but must remain within certain limits to avoid difficulties with the dissolution of the additives. In a typical case, the mass percentage is from 10 to 25%, preferably from 15 to 25% of the compositions according to the present invention.

Preferably, the mass fraction of lung PAO is not less than 10%and the mass fraction of the ACA (or other thickeners, as described above) is selected so that the mixture of methyl esters of fatty acids with PMA and/or other of the above thickeners made not less than 60% of the lubricating compositions for transmissions according to the present invention.

Even more preferably, the mass fraction of PMA and/or other(s) of the above thickener(s) is almost equal to the mass fraction of methyl esters of fatty acids, i.e. the ratio between the mass fraction of PMA and mass fractions of methyl(s) ether(s), fatty(s) of CIS is the notes (acid) is from 0.8 to 1.2.

Compositions according to the present invention, implemented as specified with the basics, containing methyl esters of fatty acids, PMA and easy PJSC, in dynamic tests with different mating connections are less aggressive than variants containing only methyl ether and heavy PJSC. In particular, there is a smaller change in the volume and to a lesser extent deteriorate the mechanical properties of conjugated fluorinated elastomers.

In addition, when tested for oxidation GFCT-021-A-90 at 160°C is detected by the almost complete absence of insoluble fraction in the oils according to the present invention, containing PMA and light PJSC, which is a significant advantage compared to the other option.

In tests on thermal ageing in accordance with the terms GFCT-021-A-90 at 160°C, and when replacing the blowing air by blowing nitrogen, notes the primary thickening, possibly connected with the phenomenon of interesterification between ACA and methyl ether, and the product remains stable.

Other oil-basics

Lubricating compositions according to the present invention, in addition to the above methyl esters of fatty acids in combination with heavy PJSC or light PJSC and ACA, as lubricant bases may contain lubricating bases of any type known in the art, so th is would be the PV of the obtained lubricating compositions was above 250, preferably above 280, more preferably above 300, or about 320 or more and a kinematic viscosity at 100°C such lubricating compositions would be from 5.5 to 7 mm²/s Such oil bases can be of mineral, synthetic or natural origin.

Mineral oil bases can represent all types of foundations, obtained by regular or vacuum distillation of crude oil with further refinement, for example, by extraction with a solvent, neasfaltirovanyj, deparaffinize in the solvent, hydrogenation, hydrogen cracking, hydroisomerization, hydrogen finishing etc.

Synthetic oil bases may contain oil from the groups IV, V and PV classification API, poly-alpha-olefins, polyolefins with internal double bonds, aromatic alkali, alkylbenzene, alkylnaphthalene, esters, complex diesters, esters of polyhydric alcohols, for example, esters of pentaerythritol, oligomers of alpha-olefins and esters, polyalkylene glycols.

Preferably, should not be used as bases containing esters of fatty acids, with the exception of the above basics types of methyl esters of fatty acids.

The viscosity and the PV of oils according to the present invention.

Oil according to the present invention have a very high rate RO. Their PV measured the output according to the standard ASTM 2270, is above 250, preferably above 280 or above 300, or about 320 and more.

They are also distinguished by a low viscosity at the operating temperature and kinematic viscosity at 100°C. (KV100), measured according to ASTM D445, component between 5.5 and 7 mm²/s, preferably from 6 to 6.5 mm²/s

Viscosity characteristics of the lubricant is determined by the bases and additives-thickeners and modifiers PV included in their composition.

In particular, to achieve very high values of PV oils according to the present invention it is important that used methyl esters odnominutnyh fatty acids themselves would have a very high PV.

However, the PV of these methyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids largely depends on the presence of impurities, in particular from the presence of esters of unsaturated fatty acids and alcohols, other than methyl, such as ethyl alcohol. Marketed methyl esters of fatty acids are therefore an indicator of ROS, which can vary in a very wide range, as can be seen from the following values PV commercially available oleates (catalog data Unichema).

Additives for wear resistance and extreme pressure

Lubricating compositions according to the present invention contain at least one gray, fosforo or fosforosoderzhashchih additives for wear or extreme pressure, mass fraction which is preferably from 0.01 to 12%, preferably from 0.01 to 5% by weight of the total grease.

Compositions according to the present invention preferably contain both the element sulfur and the element phosphorus. Preferably, they contain either no less than one fosforsoderzhashchie additive and at least one sulfur-containing additives, or not less than one fosforo - and sulfur-containing additives.

Mass fraction of the element sulfur is typically of the order of 1-3% (depending on the recipe and specific objectives), and mass fraction of the element phosphorus is about 500-3000 ppm (hung is on the formulation and specific goals).

Fosforsoderzhashchie additives for wear resistance and extreme pressure

Fosforsoderzhashchie additives for wear resistance and extreme pressure used in the present invention, as a non-limiting example, represent tiofosfornoy acid, thiophosphoric acid, esters of these acids, their salts and dithiophosphate, in particular dithiophosphate zinc.

As an example postrestructuring additives for wear resistance and extreme pressure can result in such molecules include from 1 to 3 sulfur atoms, in particular monobutylether, monooctyltin, mononeuritis, dibutylthiourea, delaurentiis, tributylphosphate, trioctylphosphine, triphenylphosphine, trilobitomorpha, monobutylether, monooctyltin, mononeuritis, dibutylthiourea, delaurentiis, tributylphosphite, trioctyldodecyl, triphenylphosphite, trilobitomorpha and their salts.

As examples of salts of esters tiofosfornoy and thiophosphoric acids can lead salts obtained by reaction with nitrogen-containing compound such as ammonia, or any amine, or zinc oxide, or zinc chloride.

Phosphorus-containing additives for wear resistance and extreme pressure

Lubricating compositions according to the present invention may also contain asparaginase additives for wear resistance and extreme pressure such as alkylphosphate or alkylphosphonate, phosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, mono-, di - and treatery phosphoric and phosphorous acid and their salts.

Sulfur-containing additives for wear resistance and extreme pressure

As an example, sulfur-containing additives for wear resistance and extreme pressure - dithiocarbamate, thiadiazole and benzothiazole, and sulfur-containing olefins.

The most widely used sulfur-containing olefins, also known as SIB (SIB) - sulfonated isobutylene. These sulfur-containing olefins are commonly receive during the reaction of sulfonation of olefins, sulfur, hydrogen sulfide or hydrated sulfides of alkali metals, for example sodium sulfur.

Some special sulfur-containing olefins can be obtained by the catalytic method, for example in the reaction of hydrogen sulfide with isobutylene in the presence of a catalyst. This way, cleaner products, with a more defined structure, with a higher sulphur content (ASTM D2622) and usually with a lower content of the active sulfur (ASTM D-1662), rather than the usual NIB.

The ratio S/P

In lubricating compositions for transmissions sulfur content in oil-based, as well as the respective number fosfodiesterasa, phosphorus-containing and sulfur-containing additives, extreme pressure, in particular terasteras the x olefins, ordinarily selected so that the above composition had a ratio between the content of the element sulfur, measured according to standard ASTM D2622, and the content of the element phosphorus, as measured by ASTM D5185, i.e. S/P of 3 to 60.

Gear lubrication with a ratio of S/P is above 30 typically represent products "economy class" with a very low content of additives and low phosphorus content.

Products of mixed use for gearboxes and axles are usually different value S/P from 20 to 30, preferably close to 20, which meets the requirement of minimizing the sulfur content to improve compatibility with synchronizers.

Products with a ratio of less than 20 more intended for transmission than for bridges.

Lubricating compositions according to the present invention differ in the ratio of S/P as defined above, from 3 to 60, or from 5 to 60, more preferably less than 30, preferably less than 20, even more preferably less than 15 or 10.

Other additives

Lubricating compositions according to the present invention may also contain additives of any type known in the art, which can be used in the composition of oils for transmission, for example one or more additives selected among additive-friction modifiers, additives-Antioch is idento (for example, antioxidants-amines), corrosion inhibitors, include in their quantities dictated by the specific application.

Friction modifiers

Additive-friction modifiers allow you to limit friction in a limited or mixed lubrication regime, forming monolayers, adsorbed on the metal surfaces. Methyl esters of fatty acids, used as the basis for the lubricating compositions according to the present invention possess this property. However, when they are used as additive-friction modifiers in lubricating compositions, their mass percentage is less than 10%, usually from 0.01 to 5% by mass of the lubricant composition.

These lubricants according to the present invention as friction modifiers may also contain substances such as fatty alcohols, ethoxylated or methoxylamine fatty amines, fatty acid amides derived from fatty acids and fatty amines; suktinimidov obtained during the reaction of aliphatic primary amines; imidazoles, tertiary amines, aliphatic phosphonates, phosphates, thiophosphonates, aliphatic thiophosphate, organic derivatives of molybdenum.

Aliphatic chains of these compounds typically contain at least 8 carbon atoms.

Other additives-friction modifiers may include a combination of Digi is doxylamine, N-substituted aliphatic group containing about 14 to 20 carbon atoms in possible combination with trimethylenediamine having at least one aliphatic N-substituent, or imidazoles, N-substituted aliphatic hydroxyalkyl.

The mass content of these compounds in the lubricants according to the present invention may range from 0.01 to 10%.

Additives, reducing the point Oceania

Compositions according to the present invention may contain one or more additives that lower point Oceania. Speech, for example, may be polyacrylates, ethylvinylacetate, copolymers of ethylene, derivatives of the condensation of naphthalene.

Typical mass fraction of these additives is from 0.1 to 2%.

Anti-corrosion agents and passivator copper

These are, for example, compounds as polyisobutenylsuccinic, thiadiazolidine, mercaptobenzothiazoles. Typical mass content in the lubricating compositions according to the present invention is from 0.01 to 1%.

Oil according to the present invention may also contain additives of any type suitable to different conditions of use of oils, in particular:

- surfactants such as sulfonates, reaction, salicylates calcium, sodium, magnesium, barium, the content of which ranges from 0 to 5 wt.%;

- dispersers, still is how polyisobutenylsuccinic with a content of from 0 to 5%;

- antioxidants, such as amino compounds antioxidants (activeelement, phenyl-alpha-naphtylamine and the like), phenolic antioxidants (BHT and derivatives), sulphur (sulfonated reaction).

The present invention also concerns the application of the above-described lubricating compositions for transmissions to save fuel more than 1%, preferably more than 2.5%, measured at standard test conditions according to the NEDC Indicating EEC 90/C81/01 and sets the highest national importance of the release of a number of pollutants in the atmosphere ("emission test cycles for the certification of light duty vehicles in Europe ", Brussels, 2001) for motor vehicles.

Compounds according to the present invention is particularly adapted to provide fuel economy in passenger cars with petrol or diesel engine, or with a hybrid electric motor.

In fact, during operation of the hybrid motor during braking, kinetic energy is captured and stored for later use. Oil for the gearbox plays a greater role in saving fuel in this vehicle that the transmission is involved in the phase speed reduction.

Another aspect of the present invention also concerns the application of the basics of the type of the methyl esters of fatty acids, as described above, as a lubricant OS is s for making oils for gearboxes, giving fuel savings of more than 1%, preferably more than 2.5%, measured at standard test conditions according to the NEDC Indicating EEC 90/C81/01 and sets the highest national importance of the release of a number of pollutants in the atmosphere ("emission test cycles for the certification of light duty vehicles in Europe ", Brussels, 2001). Mass fraction of these foundations is preferably not less than 30% of the final lubricant, preferably not less than 35%. Their mass content may even be at least 50% or 60%, or 70%, even at least 80% by weight of the total grease.

Of course, the present invention is not limited to the described examples and presents the embodiment, but includes many options available to specialists.

Example 1: preparation of lubricating compositions

Are lubricating compositions according to the present invention (oil A et B)containing at least 35 wt.% lubrication fundamentals, consisting mainly of methyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids, whose characteristics are summarized in table 1. Mass content of substances presents in mass percent by weight of the total grease.

Heavy PJSC, used oil A, commercially available as ExxonMobil Chemicals, Spectracyn 1000 and has a kinematic viscosity at 100°C, equal to 1000 mm²/s, and the average weight molecular weight measured by gel chromatography with a polystyrene standard, equal 18910 Dalton.

Easy PJSC, used in oil B, commercially available as echop Mobil Chemicals SHF-23 and has a kinematic viscosity at 100°C, 1.8 mm²/s averaged over the mass of the molecular weight, measured by gel chromatography with a polystyrene standard, is equal to 322 daltons, and a kinematic viscosity at 40°C, measured according to the standard D445, 5.8 mm²/s

ACA, used oils A and B, represents PAS 501 (Sanyo Chemical) and has an average weight molecular weight measured by gel chromatography with a polystyrene standard, equal 13830 Dalton.

Prisuzhdenie compositions according to the present invention, thus prepared, is normal prisuzhdenie lubricants for gearboxes. These compositions contain a 9.5% by weight set for gears Lubrizol OS 215497, which content is t:

- phosphorus-containing agent for wear,

- sulfur-containing agent of ultimate pressure

the corrosion inhibitor of the type dimercaptopropanol,

- aminecontaining antioxidant.

Table 2 summarizes the characteristics of oils A and B according to the present invention. Data in percentage terms represent weight percents of the total weight of the grease.

Example 2: test NEDC (New Europaen Driving Circle)

Work measurement heating oils and fuel consumption was carried out with the test motor test stand or real motor car model cycle NEDC (also known as ECE EUDC) according to the Indication of the EEC 90/C81/01 01 set maximum national value release some agressively in the atmosphere (" emission test cycles for the certification of light duty vehicles in Europe ", Brussels, 2001). The characteristics of this motor cycle is summarized in Figure 1, which describes the speed (in km/h) depending on time (in seconds), respectively, in cycles ECE 15 and EUDC.

The NEDC cycle corresponds to 4 cycles ECE and one EUDC cycle: NEDC=4XECE15+EUDC.

Below in the table 3 summarizes the overall characteristics of this cycle, reflecting average daily mileage in Europe.

This cycle NEDC carried out on the test bench for engine, gasoline engine power 88 kW, manual transmission and robot gear Clemessy.

Control ("reference") oil (REF) is a commercial oil qualification 75W80 for manual transmissions used in passenger cars tourist class with a kinematic viscosity of 8 mm²/s at 100°C and RO 150, in accordance with the normal paraffin bases of group I (mostly type Solvent Neutral 150).

Example 3: measurement of working heating oils

The initial temperature of the oils was 22°C. the Final temperature of the oils for gearboxes at the end of the tests are shown below in table 4.

You notice that the oil according to the present invention, in which at least 35 wt.% is the basis of containing methyl esters of fatty acids, are heated much less than the commercial control. You also notice that during tests simulating the behavior on relatively short runs, reflecting average daily mileage, operating temperature oils for gearboxes ranging from 40 to 50°C.

Example 4: measurement of fuel economy

The fuel consumption was calculated in accordance with the Directive of EEC 90/S/01 establish the maximum national value release some agressively in the atmosphere ("emission test cycles for the certification of light duty vehicles in Europe", Brussels, 2001). Measured amount of exhaust gas and hence the expected mass flow rate of fuel. The results obtained are summarized in the following table 5.

You may notice that the use of oils a and b according to the present invention leads to a considerable saving of fuel. Decreases and warming up (at least 5-6 degrees compared with control).

In addition, during the NEDC test described above, but carried out on hybrid cars more power, equipped with automatic transmissions, these oils give fuel savings of the order of 3%.

Used hybrid car contained automated manual gearbox for the implementation of the strategy for the specific transition to the optimization of the hybrid operation.

It should be noted that the automatic transmission indication EEC 90/C81/01, unlike manual boxes, does not establish the point of gear. Optimized the way they are managed by the calculator. Thus, it is difficult to compare recent test results with the previous.

However, when operating a hybrid motor for braking has to slow down (with the return of energy). Thus, it is logical to assume that the oil in the gearbox is in these cars even greater impact on fuel savings.

Example 5: correlation between fuel savings and a kinematic viscosity at 40°C.

Whereas temperature is enhanced by the via during operation, for different oils for gearboxes was measured fuel savings in the conditions described above in example 4, and the correlation values of savings with a kinematic viscosity at 40°C.

The results are summarized in the following table 6.

Table 6: correlation between fuel savings and a kinematic viscosity at 40°C.

Oils a and b are the oils according to the present invention, the characteristics of which are presented in table 2, and is a reference to trainee oil for estimating fuel consumption, above.

Oil is oil for gearboxes with the same additives as oil and drawn on mineral basics of groups I and III with PV=160.

Oil G is the oil for the gearbox, compiled on the basis of group I, KV 100=8 mm²/s, RO 150.

Oil N similar to butter, with RO=200.

You may notice that the fuel savings is achieved in more than lower kinematic viscosity at 40°C with an almost linear correlation.

Example 6: the content of insoluble fraction in the oils according to the present invention

The test oils according to the present invention for the oxidation was carried out according to the standard GFCT-021-A-90, at 140°C. Oil a and b are the same, whose characteristics are shown in table 2. The results are summarized in the following table 7.

Table 7: oxidation test at 140°C, GFCT-021-A-90

It is no surprise to note that oil according to the present invention unstable to oxidation at high temperature, which is accompanied by a significant increase of kinematic viscosity. However, the proportion of insoluble fraction in low. In particular, oil composed of methyl esters of fatty acids in combination with PMA and light PJSC have a very low content of insoluble impurities.

Example 7: the stability of the oils according to the present invention

Oils a and b according to the present invention were subjected to the aging test under temperature. This test was conducted under the conditions defined GFCT-021-A-90, at 160°C, but the blowing air was replaced by nitrogen purge. To create a non-oxidizing conditions. Lack of oxygen is typical environment in which the oil in the box PE is EDAC during operation. The change in kinematic viscosity at 100°C oils a and b according to the present invention during the test are shown in the following table 8.

Table 8: change in kinematic viscosity at 100°C from the time the test thermal ageing at 160°C.

The table shows that oil And very stable. Regarding the oil In a sustained fashion can notice a significant initial increase in viscosity, then the product remains very stable over time. The proportion of insoluble impurities in both oils are very low and are respectively 0.01 and 0,065 after 200 hours of testing.

Thus, the oil has the advantage that the proportion of insoluble impurities in it after the test for oxidation is very small, but the disadvantage that during the test on aging under the influence of temperature in it is initial solidification.

As for oil, it is very stable, but there is a lot of insoluble impurities in the oxidation test.

The acid number of the oil And ranges from 3.5 to 6.5, which indicates a very weak destruction of its ester basis.

The acid number of the oil is from 3.7 to 2.1, which is not surprising if we take into account that the phenomenon of the initial thickening occurs due to the reaction of transesterification of the methyl esters of fatty acids with heavy alcohols ACA.

Example 8: measurement of the lifetime of the oils according to the present invention during the operation

Implemented a real test of the Peugeot 307, manual transmission, which smeared butter Century

Measured the viscosity of the oil, reflecting the aging, the content of some metals, reflecting the wear of mechanical parts, as well as the content of some elements (cast the STI, CA, Zn, P, Mg, Mo, Na), which allows to judge about what additives in the oil are not destroyed.

The results are summarized in the following table 9.

It can be noted in particular that the viscosity at 100 and at 40°C, at a given measurement accuracy remained constant.

In fact, noticeably slight decrease KV 100: we are talking about tangential fracture during the operation.

Not observed, in particular, no increase of viscosity due to oxidation of the oil. PV remains within, allowing you to expect the effect of fuel economy.

These excellent results are a priori associated with a moderate work-heating, which is exposed to the oil, and surrounded by oil in the gearbox, which limits the contact with oxygen.

The content of the elements present in the main additive for gearboxes (P, CA, Zn,), also remains constant for a given measurement accuracy.

There is a slight "increase" their content: it is possible, due to evaporation, but is more likely due to natural inaccurate measurements on SR in the observation conditions, as well as the representativeness of the sampling. The observed levels of wear are very low and do not allow to identify any anomalies in the protection of the gearbox parts with lubricating oil.

Low acid number, measured in oil after 30000 km COI the test mileage also allows to make a conclusion about the absence of destruction of esters, used as lubricant bases.

Table 9: change of physico-chemical parameters and element content in the oil during operation.

1. Lubricant composition for transmission with a kinematic viscosity at 100°C, measured according to ASTM D445, component from 5.5 to 7 mm²/s containing:
from 0.01 to 5 wt.% one or more phosphorus-containing, sulfur-containing or sulfur-containing and phosphorus additives that increase the wear resistance, and/or additives for extreme pressure,
at least 30 wt.% at least one methyl ester of the fatty acid of the formula R₃where R is a paraffinic or olefinic group containing from 11 to 23 carbon atoms,
and
anything from 10 to 20 wt.% n is less than one connection, selected from the group of heavy poly-alpha-olefins with a kinematic viscosity at 100°C, measured in accordance with ASTM D445, component from 300 to 1200 mm²/s, and with a molecular weight of from 4000 to 50000 daltons,
or from 15 to 25 wt.% at least one compound selected from the group of lung poly-alpha-olefins with a kinematic viscosity at 100°C, measured in accordance with ASTM D445 factor of 1.5 to 3 mm²/s, kinematic viscosity at 40°C, measured in accordance with ASTM D445, component 4 to 6 mm²/s, and with a molecular weight less than 500 daltons in combination with one or more compounds of the type polymethacrylates with a molecular weight of less than 30,000 daltons,
and where the ratio of the mass percentage of polymethacrylate(s) and the mass percentage of ether(s) of fatty acid is from 0.8 to 1.2.

2. The lubricating composition according to claim 1, containing at least 20 wt.% at least one methyl ester of a fatty acid of formula R₁COOCH₃where R₁is one, two or trehstadiynoy olefinic group containing from 11 to 23 carbon atoms.

3. The lubricating composition according to claim 1, containing at least 20 wt.%, at least one methyl ester of a fatty acid of formula R₂SOON₃where R₂is odnostadiinoi GRU is sing, containing from 11 to 23 carbon atoms.

4. The lubricating composition according to claim 2 or 3, where the double bonds of olefinic groups R₁and/or R₂are in the CIS-configuration.

5. The lubricating composition according to claim 1, where the mass percentage of heavy(s) poly-alpha-olefin(s) is not less than 10%and the mass percentage of methyl(s) ether(s) fatty acids is not less than 60%.

6. The lubricating composition according to claim 5, containing not less than 50 wt.% at least one methyl ester of a fatty acid of formula R₁COOCH₃where R₁is one, two or trehstadiynoy olefinic group containing from 11 to 23 carbon atoms.

7. The lubricating composition according to claim 5 or 6, containing at least 45 wt.% at least one methyl ester of a fatty acid of formula R₂SOON₃where R₂is odnostadiinoi group containing from 11 to 23 carbon atoms.

8. The lubricating composition according to claim 1, where the mass percentage of the lung(their) poly-alpha-olefin(s) is not less than 10%and the mass percentage of a mixture of polymethacrylate(s) and methyl(s) ether(s) fatty acids is not less than 60%.

9. The lubricating composition according to claim 1, containing at least 85 wt.% one or more of methyl(s) ether(s) fatty acids of the formula R₃where R represents samoupravleniya or olefinic group, containing from 11 to 23 carbon atoms, relative to the total weight of esters of fatty acids present in the specified lubricant composition.

10. The lubricating composition according to claim 9, containing at least 75 wt.% at least one methyl ester of a fatty acid of formula R₁COOCH₃where R₁is one, two or trehstadiynoy olefinic group containing from 11 to 23 carbon atoms, relative to the total weight of esters of fatty acids present in the specified lubricant composition.

11. The lubricating composition according to claim 9, containing at least 65 wt.% at least one methyl ester of a fatty acid of formula R₂SOON₃where R₂is odnostadiinoi group containing from 11 to 23 carbon atoms, relative to the total weight of esters of fatty acids present in the specified lubricant composition.

12. The lubricating composition according PP or 11, where the double bonds of olefinic groups R₁and/or R₂are in the CIS-configuration.

13. The lubricating composition according to claim 9, containing not more than 15 wt.% esters of saturated fatty acids relative to the total weight of esters of fatty acids present in the specified lubricant composition.

14. The lubricating composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio S/P between the mass content of the element sulfur, measured according to ASTM D2622, the mass content of the element phosphorus, measured according to ASTM D5185, in said lubricating composition is from 3 to 60.

15. The lubricating composition according to claim 1, having a viscosity index, measured according to ASTM D2270 above 250.

16. Application of the lubricant composition for transmission according to any one of claims 1 to 15 for the implementation of fuel economy more than 1%, measured according to standard test conditions NEDC (new European Driving Cycle new European driving cycle) in accordance with the Directive of EEC 90/C81/01, for hire.

17. The application of article 16, where fuel economy is in the engines of cars.

18. The application of item 16 or 17, where the cars are equipped with manual or automatic or automated manual transmissions.

19. The application of the framework represents methyl esters of fatty acids containing not less than 85 wt.% methyl esters of fatty acids of the formula RCOOCH₃where R represents a paraffinic or olefinic group containing from 11 to 23 carbon atoms, with the index viscosity, measured according to ASTM D2270, above 250, and a kinematic viscosity at 100°C, measured in accordance with ASTM D445, less than 7 mm²/s as lubricating basis for preparation of oils for gearboxes, giving fuel savings of more than 1%, measured according to standard test conditions NEDC in the accordance with the indication of the EEC 90/C81/01.

20. The application of claim 19, where the compositions contain at least 75 wt.% at least one methyl ester of a fatty acid of formula R₁COOCH₃where R₁is one, two or trehstadiynoy olefinic group containing from 11 to 23 carbon atoms.

21. The application of claim 20, where the compositions contain at least 65 wt.% at least one methyl ester of a fatty acid of formula R₂SOON₃where R₂is odnostadiinoi group containing from 11 to 23 carbon atoms.

22. The application of claim 19 or 20, where the double bonds of olefinic groups R₁and/or R₂are in the CIS-configuration.