Method to determine non-radial projection of target speed vector. RU patent 2506607.
| Locator for traffic police / 2501034 Result is achieved by making locators using a low-frequency signal emitted by a radar unit and measuring the approach speed of a vehicle at a shorter and known distance. The locator for traffic police has a radar unit for measuring the initial speed of a projectile, a receiving-transmitting antenna which is optionally mounted on the traffic police car and which emits a continuous chirp signal and has a traffic police car speed converter, the outputs of which, like outputs of a radar unit speed calculator, are connected to the first and second inputs of a subtraction unit, respectively. |
| Projectile muzzle velocity radar mounted at gun barrel / 2501033 Measured base is displaced to minor distance to gun barrel section. Proposed radar comprises transceiving antenna arranged at gun barrel with transmitting input connected via delay element to high-power output of the source of continuous signal frequency-modulated by unilateral saw-like linearly negative-going law and receiving input is connected to first input of mixer with its second input connected to low-power transmitter output and its output connected via difference frequency filter to second mixer second input, as well as first continuous frequency generator, broadband filter, limiting amplifier, narrowband filter, amplitude detector, comparator, pulse generator, time interval meter, projectile muzzle velocity computer and, if required, second continuous frequency generator, analog switch and trigger. |
 Method of determining non-radial projection of target velocity vector / 2492504Target is simultaneously irradiated by two spaced-apart antennae with probing signals at two different frequencies; signals reflected from the target are received; frequency difference of the received signals is determined, and said difference is used to determine the non-radial projection of the velocity vector of the target; the target is further irradiated with two auxiliary monochromatic signals at different frequencies. The auxiliary signal at higher frequency is emitted by the same antenna which emits a probing signal at lower frequency and the auxiliary signal at lower frequency is emitted by the same antenna which emits the probing signal at higher frequency. Signals reflected from the target are received and the formula V D = c ( F 3 − F 4 ) − ( F 1 − F 2 ) + ( f 1 − f 2 ) − ( f 3 − f 4 ) | ( f 1 + f 4 ) r 1 0 − ( f 3 + f 2 ) r 2 0 + [ ( f 1 − f 2 ) − ( f 3 − f 4 ) ] r r e s 0 | is used to determine the projection of the velocity of the target on the direction of vector D, determined using the formula D = ( f 1 + f 4 ) r 1 0 − ( f 3 + f 2 ) r 2 0 + [ ( f 1 − f 2 ) − ( f 3 − f 4 ) ] r r e s 0 , where c is the speed of light; f1 and f2 are the frequency of the first and second probing signals; f3 and f4 are the frequency of the first and second auxiliary signals; F1 and F2 are the frequency of the first and second received signals shifted from f1 and f2; F3 and F4 are the frequencies of the received monochromatic signals shifted from f3 and f4; r1 0 and r2 0 are unit vectors directed towards the target from points of location of the first and second transmitting antennae, respectively, rres 0 is a unit vector directed towards the target from the point of location of the receiving antenna. |
 Method of determining non-radial target velocity vector projection / 2486542Invention can be used in both radar and police car speed measuring devices. Determining non-radial velocity vector projections enables to unambiguously determine both the value and the direction of the velocity vector. |
 Method to detect non-radial projection of target speed vector / 2485543Detection of non-radial projections of a speed vector makes it possible to unambiguously detect both a value and a direction of a speed vector. |
 Method to detect non-radial projection of target speed vector / 2485542Detection of non-radial projections of a speed vector makes it possible to unambiguously detect both a value and a direction of a speed vector. The invention may be used both in radars and police vehicle speed metres. |
 Instantaneous bullet speed measuring radar / 2474843According to the first version, instantaneous bullet speed measuring radar includes receiving and transmitting antenna, the input of which operates for transmission and is connected to heavy-duty output of continuous signal transmitter with frequency modulation as per single-sided saw-toothed linearly declining law (continuous linear frequency-modulation CLFM signal), and the output of which operates for reception and is connected to the first input of the mixer, the second input of which is connected to low-duty output of CLFM signal transmitter, and output is connected through in-series connected differential frequency filter, the second mixer, broad-band filter, limiting amplifier and narrow-bandpass filter to the input of amplitude detector, and output of narrow-bandpass filter is connected to comparator input, the output of which is connected to input of pulse counter, the reset input of which is connected to output of delay element, the input of which is connected to output of amplitude detector, and outputs of N continuous frequency generators are connected through analogue adder are connected to the second input of the second mixer. As per the second version, radar is made in a similar way, but emits a continuous signal with frequency modulation as per single-sided saw-toothed linearly increasing law. |
 Method of determining value and direction of displacement of monitored object / 2471202According to the method, an image of the object is displayed on the raster grid of a video camera and superposition of video images from the raster structure is determined. Two dimensional distribution of intensity of radiation reflected from the object is measured in each line of the reference and current raster, followed by digital processing thereof. By selecting the central part of the lines of the reference and current raster, a signal with a short length is generated. Digital signal processing is carried out by determining the value of the discriminator curve as a difference between correlation functions of the measured periodically offset short lines of the reference raster and corresponding lines of the current raster. Further, the slope of the discriminator curve is standardised to a value of the discriminator curve at extreme points of the monotonous operating zone depending on the sign of the calculated value of the discriminator curve. The value and direction of displacement of the monitored object is determined by averaging estimates on all raster lines. |
 Rls for measurement of initial speed of projectile installed on weapon barrel / 2467349Invention relates to radiolocating equipment. The target set is achieved by transfer of a measured base at a closer distance to a weapon barrel end. An RLS for measurement of an initial speed of a projectile installed on a weapon barrel, comprises a transceiving antenna, an input of which, operating for transfer*, is connected to a high-capacity output of a transmitter of a continuous signal with frequency modulation in accordance with a one-sided saw-tooth linearly descending law, and an output operating for reception is connected to the first input of a mixer, the second input of which is connected to a low-capacity output of a transmitter of a continuous signal with frequency modulation in accordance with a one-sided saw-tooth linearly descending law, and an output - via a filter of differential frequencies, to the first input of the second mixer, and also the following components connected in series - a wideband filter, a limiting amplifier, a narrowband bandpass filter, an amplitude detector, a comparator, a pulse shaper, a metre of a time interval, a calculator of an initial speed of a projectile and a generator of continuous frequency, and also a trigger, the second generator of continuous frequency, an analog key, the output of which is connected to the second input of the second mixer, and a control input is via a trigger connected to the output of the pulse shaper. |
 Method to measure distance between supersonic low-flying object and front of its trace on sea surface / 2467348Application: radiolocation, in particular, detection of location and escort of a supersonic barely visible low-flying object above sea surface. The invention concept is as follows: the method may be realised by an autonomous radiolocator installed on a vessel or an aircraft with total absence of radiolocating reflection from an object, with total absence of radiolocating reflection from an object, but with availability of a trace (anomaly of sea surface). Upon detection of a trace with a radiolocating method, distance is determined to a trace front, as well as a bearing to a trace front, trace width is measured by the method of radiolocation strobing, by distance. The object motion course is defined with the space orientation of a trace. The object speed is determined in accordance with the trace front. Based on classification criteria of the object, intensity and speed of object impact wave are defined. With available length of an electromagnetic wave radiated with a radiolocator and a sliding angle, when sea surface is radiated with a radiolocator, using produced parameters, the distance is calculated between the object and the front of its trace on sea surface. |
 Carrier-tuning and mti-mode radar system / 2245562Proposed noise-immune radar system that incorporates provision for maintaining its serviceability in complex electromagnetic situations and intensive background returns from passive noise, local objects, and meteorological formations, as well as for measuring radial speed of target by Doppler frequency shift has tunable microwave oscillator, two gating stages, two gate-pulse generators, synchronizer, τ pulse length delay line, adder, transmitter, transmit-receive switch, transceiving antenna, pulse modulator, high-frequency amplifier, two band filters, two mixers, two intermediate-frequency amplifiers, three phase detectors, two switching circuits, processor, and repetition rate delay line. |
 Doppler transducer of path increments / 2246737Transducer has Doppler velocity transducer, counter of input pulses, unit for control of calibration, unit for computing pulse "value", multiplier, unit for storing pulse "value", unit for storing the length of the measuring section, belt transporter, reference velocity transducer, and storage unit for calibration path. |
 Measuring of a shell's initial speed mode and device for its realization / 2250476The mode is that successiveness of discrete meanings of a shell's current speed is formed according to realizations of its doppler echo- return. This formed successiveness helps to determine the reliability of each discrete meaning of a shell's current speed and actual delay of the beginning of its observation by radar. By using mentioned results a section in this successiveness containing mainly reliable data is picked out. According to these data initial speed of a shell is determined with due regard to actual delay of the beginning of its observation by radar. The device which is used to realize this mode has a computer, a doppler radar, a former of discrete meanings of a shell's current speed , a former of photostart's impulse, a timer, a meter, a buffer memory, an analyzer of data reliability, a former of data for calculation of initial speed, a meter of summary duration of initial realizations and an accumulator. |
 Mode of measuring a radial speed of a target by radar / 2251710Mode is based on regeneration, modulation and radiation of radio impulses integrated in time with an identical period of repetition on carrier frequencies f1 and f2, simultaneous transformation of the frequency of indicated radio impulses into reference signal of differential frequency Δfr= f2 -f1, reception of signals reflected by the target on frequency f1 +Fd1 and f2+Fd2, transformation of signals from the target into signals Δf + ΔFd, where Δf - signal of differential frequency, ΔFd - Doppler amendment to differential frequency. At that succession is formed from N reference coherent signals, each of which has a phase shift in intervals 0-2π on discrete Δψn in relation to reference coherent signal of differential frequency, phases of transformed signal of the target is compared with formed reference coherent signals, N results are compared according to the amplitude with beforehand preset threshold and transformed into parallel numeric code corresponding the speed of the target. |
 Method for automatic detection and tracking of targets / 2264633The method consists in detection of targets, determination of the target characteristics, selection of a target for tracking, lock-on and autotracking of the target, check of target truth according to the statistic criteria and rejection of automatic tracking of a false target. Before selection of a target for tracking the threshold value of speed is formed on the basis of the measured speeds of the targets, all the detected targets are subdivided into two groups according to the criterion of exceeding or non-exceeding the speed threshold value. Selection of the next target for tracking is accomplished among the targets belonging to another group. |
 Method and device for operative diagnostics of mechanism / 2267094Method comprises irradiating the mechanism by radio pulses with a given wavelength, recording reflected radio pulses after their interaction with the members of the mechanism, and analyzing the pulses. The device comprises the source of radio pulses, aerial for irradiating the mechanism to be tested, receiver of reflected radio pulses connected with the aerial, unit for determining diagnostics parameters of the received signal, and unit for comparing the parameters obtained with their threshold values. The device is additionally provided with the converting unit whose input is connected with the output of the receiver and output is connected with the input of the unit for determining diagnostics parameters. |
 Method for determining traveling speed of airborne target at ground-based radiolocation station / 2273033Method for determining travel speed of airborne target at ground-based radiolocation station includes measuring Doppler frequency of signals reflected from moving target at ground-based radiolocation station, measuring Doppler frequency of reflected signals in additional receiving position, distanced in space relatively to ground-based radiolocation station for base distance, angle between directions "additional receiving position - target" and "additional receiving position - ground-based radiolocation station", angle between directions "ground-based radiolocation station - target" and "ground-based radiolocation station - additional receiving position", bi-static angle is calculated and on basis of all measurements flight travel speed of airborne target is determined. |
 / 2273034 |
 Mode of detection and tracking the trajectory of an object and surveillance radar station for its realization / 2292563The achievable technical result is in reducing the sizes of strobes at the expense of reducing the interval of time between sequential reversals to the object at detection and tracking its trajectory with the aid of a surveillance radar station with a phase-displacement antenna having one-dimensional phase electronic scanning according to the angle of place, frequency sensitiveness of the azimuthal position of a beam and mechanical rotation by azimuth. The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the checkup of the j-direction of the strobe is carried on the carrier frequency; Fj= F0±Δß/K, where f0 - the carrier frequency of the probing signal at checking up of the surveillance zone of the radar; Δßj(degree)- an angular displacement by azimuth of the j-direction of the strobe relatively to the position of the beam at emission of a probing signal on the carrier frequency F0,j=1,2 ,n, n- quantity of checked up directions along the azimuth in the strobe; K (9degree/Mgz)- value of frequency sensitiveness of the azimuthal position of the beam. |
 Mode of detection of an object's trajectory / 2297014The mode of detection of an object's trajectory is based upon an additional address to the object in the strobe of confirmation about detection of the object, the strobe is initiated through a small interval of time after detection of a reflected signal during regular surveillance. At that the value of the interval is chosen far less than the interval of time of addressing to the object in the strobe of capturing the trajectory. At that an additional "quick" addressing to the object in the strobe of confirmation of detection of the object allows: firstly, significantly accelerate measuring of the speed of high-speed objects and for certain execute extrapolation of coordinates and that is extremely important for securing effective destruction of such objects at sufficiently large distance; secondly, significantly decrease the number of reflections from passive interferences and reduce by this the number of trajectories formed according to them. |
FIELD: measurement equipment.
SUBSTANCE: invention relates to radiolocating methods to determine speed of a moving object and may be used in speed meters of moving objects, vehicles, etc. A target is simultaneously radiated with the help of two spaced antennas by probing signals of two different frequencies, signals reflected by the target are reflected, the difference of frequencies of received signals is determined, and using the value of difference in frequencies of received signals they determine the non-radial projection of the target speed vector, at the same time they use two additional antennas for radiation of the target by two auxiliary monochromatic signals of differing frequencies. Auxiliary signals reflected from the target are received, and using the formula they determine the projection of the target speed to the direction of the vector D, determined according to the formula
where c - light speed; f1 and f2 - frequencies of the first and second probing signals; f3 and f4 - frequencies of the first and second auxiliary signals; F1 and F2 - frequencies of the first and second received signals displaced relative to f1 and f2; F3 and F4 - frequencies of received additional monochromatic signals displaced relative to f3 and f4;
and
- single vectors directed to the target from points of location of accordingly the first and the second transmitting antennas;
and
- single vectors directed to the target from the points of location of appropriate additional transmitting antennas;
- a single vector directed to the target from the point of location of the receiving antenna.
EFFECT: possibility of determination of non-radial projections of a target speed vector with low requirements to coherence of applied signals.
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The technical field to which the invention relates
The invention relates to the electrical engineering, namely to radar methods of determining the speed of a moving object and can be used in radar to predict the position of a moving target or selection of the moving targets. In addition, the invention can be used in police measurement of the speed of moving objects, such as cars.
The level of technology
Currently widely known for the variety of radar methods of determining the radar information: distance to the movable object, speed of moving of object etc. are used For this impulse radars, radars using the Doppler effect, coherent radars. Fundamentals of radar and methods of processing of radar data, in particular, determination of the velocity of the moving objects set out in the books Bakulev P.A. and other, Methods and device selection of the moving targets, Moscow, Radio and communication, 1986 and Sosulin YG, Theoretical fundamentals of radar and radio navigation, Moscow, Radio and communication, 1992.
As of the close nature of the technical solution is known way to determine ground speed air targets, disclosed in the patent of Russian Federation for invention №2273033 published. 27.03.2006, IPC G01S 13/58 and G01S 13/92. The method consists in measuring the frequency Doppler reflected from a moving target signals in terrestrial radar f , and measure the frequency Doppler f R reflected signals in the supplementary admissions position posted in space relative to ground-based radar base distance R B , θ between directions of the "additional reception position R - objective C" and "additional reception position R - radar, the angle between the directions of "RLS - objective C" and "radar - additional reception position R", calculate angle & beta=180 degrees-(q+C), when lateral flight speed air targets defined as
where : l - operating wavelength used in ground-based radars; f - frequency
Doppler effect, measured in ground radar; f R - frequency Doppler effect, measured in additional admissions position R; β angle between the directions of "objective C - additional reception position R" and "objective C-radar", and the frequency Doppler effect, measured in additional admissions position R, is defined as
where a is the angle between the vector of absolute speed V and the line of sight purpose by the admissions position R.
The disadvantage of this method is the low accuracy.
As the closest analogue of the prototype known method for determining projection of the velocity of a moving target, disclosed in the patent of Russian Federation for invention №2367974 .20.09.2009, IPC G01S 13/58. The method consists in the fact that with the help of two transmitting antennas placed at different points in space, moving target irradiated by two combined single time signals with frequencies f 1 and f 2 , reflected from the target signals with frequencies F 1 and F 2 are accepted by the receiver is determined by the frequency difference F alerts =F 1-F 2 , determines the magnitude of V D by the formula:
where C is the speed of light;
and- unit vectors directed at the goal of the points of the location of the first and second transmitting antennas;
is the unit vector directed on the purpose of the location of the receiving antenna;
V D - projection target velocity V in the direction of the vector D, determined by the formula:
.The disadvantage of this method is that it requires that the ensure a high degree of coherence of probing signals. The coherence length of the signals must be greater than twice the distance from the radar system to the target.
The technical result of the achievement of which directed the proposed invention is, in particular: a substantial decrease of requirements to the coherence of signals and increase accuracy of definition of speed of a moving target at minimum required computing resources.
The essence of the invention
The essence of the proposed method of determining the projection of the velocity vector goal is that the decrease of requirements to the coherence of signals is achieved by using two auxiliary radiation and is as follows.
As when using the known from a prototype method, using two transmitting antennas placed at different points in space, moving target irradiated two combined time signals with carrier frequencies f 1 and f 2 .
Moreover, the purpose of using two additional antenna radiated two subsidiary monochromatic signals of different frequencies f-3 and f-4 •
Take reflected purpose signals. If the target is moving, the frequency F 1 , F 2 F 3 , F 4 reflected from the target and received signals are different from the corresponding frequency f 1 , f 2 f 3 , f 4
Define the vector D and magnitude of V D by the formulas:
, ,where C is the speed of light;
, , and- unit vectors directed at the goal of the points of the location of the first and second transmitting antennas of probing signals, and two additional antenna auxiliary signals;
is the unit vector directed on the purpose of the location of the receiving antenna. If the receiving antenna antenna, radiating the sounding signal frequency f 1 or antenna, radiating the sounding signal frequency f 2
orrespectively.
The value of V D is equal to the projection of the vector target velocity V in the direction of the vector D.
These and other design features and advantages of the proposed invention will become apparent from a detailed description of its options, which should be read in conjunction with the drawing.
Brief description of drawings
Figure 1 shows the vector diagram explaining the use of the invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Figure 1 shows the vector diagram explaining the proposed method of determining the projection of the vector of velocity of a moving target, which marked:
A 1 - transmitting antenna, radiating the sounding signal frequency f 1 ;
And 2 - transmitting antenna, radiating the sounding signal frequency f2;
And 3 - transmitting antenna, radiating the auxiliary signal of frequency f 3 ;
A 4 - transmitting antenna, radiating the auxiliary signal of frequency f 4 ;
And PR - receiving antenna;
C - purpose;
r 1 , r 2 , r 3 , R 4 - vectors, which are at the location of antennas A 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 , and the ends - at the location of the target;
r PR - vector, which is at the location of the receiving antenna And the Ave , and end - point the location of the target;
, , , ,- Horta vectors r 1 , r 2 , r 3 , r 4 r PR .According.
The instantaneous phases Ψ 1 (t), Ψ 2 (t), Ψ 3 (t)and y 4 (t) of the reflected from the target and received signals depend on the distance r 1 , r 2 , r 3, and r 4 of appropriate transmitting antennas to the target, as well as on the distance r PR of receiving antenna to the target:
; ; ; ;where ψ 01 , ψ 02 , ψ 03 , and psi 04 - initial phase signals with frequency f 1 , f 2 , and auxiliary signals frequency f-3 and f-4 .
Then:Dierentiate these expressions full time, given that the motion goal value r 1 , r 2 , r 3 , r 4 and r PR depend on time.
.Take into account that
ThenCut the previous expression on 2π and subtract them one from another:
Let us introduce notation:
Thenwhere D 0 - ORT vector D.
Take into account that the VD 0 is a projection of the vector V in the direction of the vector D. Designating this projection as V D , we obtain:
Values of frequencies f 1 and f 2 and their difference can be known in advance or measured with sufficient accuracy. Accuracy of determining the value (f 1-f 2 ) may be improved by measuring of the frequency difference. For example, signals frequency f 1 and f 2 can be converted into a signal differential frequency of, and subsequent measurement of the frequency.
Similarly, to increase the accuracy of determining the value (f 3 f 4 ) signals frequency f-3 and f-4 may be converted into a signal differential frequency of, and subsequent measurement of the frequency.
It is possible to use other ways to measure the frequency difference of probing signals and frequency difference of auxiliary signals.
Value (F 1-F 2 ) can be determined by measuring the frequency of the received signals with subsequent calculation of their difference. However, to increase the accuracy of determining the value (F 1-F 2 ) it is advisable to convert the received signals frequency F 1 and F 2 signal differential frequency, with subsequent measurement of the frequency of the converted signal.
Similarly, to increase the accuracy of determining the value (F 3 F 4 ) it is expedient to convert the received signals frequency F 3 , F 4 signal differential frequency, with subsequent measurement of the frequency of the converted signal.
Of the vector diagram in figure 1 and from the expression for the vector D is seen that the vector D is .
The formation of auxiliary signals and calculate the value of V D and vector D are greatly simplified in the particular case when the frequency difference auxiliary frequency selected is equal to the difference frequency signals. In some cases it is preferable to just such a frequency ratio. This relation of frequencies of the coordinates of the receiving antenna not affect the values of D and V D , which provides greater freedom of choice of position of the receiving antenna.
Each of probing signals, and each of auxiliary signals passes to the receiving antenna their way. Therefore, the coherence length of the signals must be less than pairwise differences of turn signals. The difference of stroke depend on the location of antennas and direction of the target. In all directions on goal difference of turn signals less than the highest of pairwise distances between the transmitting antennas. Therefore, sufficient coherence length of the signals is the greatest of pairwise distances between the transmitting antennas. This distance is much less than the range of the radar system.
Thus, compared with the known method of determining projection speed, use of the proposed method is several orders of magnitude reduces the required coherence length of signals used.
1. Method of determining projection of the vector of velocity of a moving target, which consists in the fact that the goal of simultaneously irradiated with the help of two spaced antennas two signals of different frequencies, takes the reflected purpose signals, define the frequency difference of the received signals by the value of the frequency difference of the received signals define projection of the velocity vector goals, wherein the goal through two additional antennas irradiate the two subsidiary monochromatic signals of different frequencies reflected from purpose signals take the formula
define the projection speed targets at the direction of the vector D, determined by the formula
, where C is the speed of light; f 1 and f 2 - frequency of the first and second probing signals; f-3 and f-4 - frequency of the first and second auxiliary signals; F 1 and F 2 are shifted relative to f 1 and f 2 frequency of the first and second of received signals; F-3 and F-4 - shifted relative to f-3 and f-4 frequency taken additional monochromatic signals;
and- unit vectors directed at the goal of the points of the location of the first and second transmitting antennas;
and- unit vectors directed at the goal of points of location of the corresponding additional transmitting antennas;
is the unit vector directed on the purpose of the location of the receiving antenna.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the frequency difference auxiliary monochromatic signals is chosen equal to the difference of the frequencies of probing signals.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the signals difference frequencies f 1 and f 2 f 3 and f-4 F 1 and F 2 F 3 and F-4 used when calculating the projection of the vector of velocity of a moving target, produced by the respective conversion of signals frequency f 1 and f 2 f 3 and f-4 F 1 and F 2 F 3 and F-4 and subsequent measurement of the difference frequency signals.