IPC classes for russian patent Method of air moisture content determination. RU patent 2505804. (RU 2505804):
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FIELD: instrumentation.
SUBSTANCE: proposed method consists in filling measuring vessel of known volume with dry air and weighing it. Then, measuring vessel is filled with air and weighed to record air temperature and pressure using measured magnitudes. Then, air moisture content d is defined by the formula: g/kg dry, where m1 is the weight of measuring vessel with dry air, g; m2 is the weight of measuring vessel with analysed air, g; V is measuring vessel volume, liter; Pap is analysed air barometric pressure, mm Hg; Tat is analysed air temperature, °C; gn is specific weight of steam, g/l (gn = 0.803 g/l); gc is specific weight of dry air, g/l (gc= 1.2928 g/l); P0 is normal pressure, mm Hg (P0=760 mm Hg); T0 is normal temperature °C(T0=273°C).
EFFECT: lower costs, higher precision and reliability.
1 dwg
The invention relates to , in particular to of measuring the relative humidity of gas, and verification hygrometers without dismantling the object of operation.
There are various methods of measurement and reproduction quantities of gas humidity presented in RMG 75-2004 (Recommendations on interstate standardization. GSE. Humidity measurement substances. Terms and definitions):
- sorption-gravimetric method gravimetric method of measurement of the moisture-in-gas, based on the sorption method of separation of moisture from gases;
- gravimetric method gravimetric method of measurement of the moisture-in-gas, based on the condensation method of separation of moisture from gases;
- condensation method - method of measurement of dew-point [frost], which consists in the cooling of gas to a temperature of condensation (of dew or frost) and measurement of the temperature;
- and others.
The method of the direct weight determine the moisture content of gases, which is reduced to absorb moisture from the sample controlled gas energized by sinks and determination of the quantity, the increase of the weight of sinks. This method has high accuracy, but is time-consuming (up to 30 hours).
Implementation of all these methods is characterized by quite a long process of preparation and conduct of measurements (several hours), as well as the cumbersome required equipment, which limits their application capabilities (e.g. the organisation of calibration of operating hygrometers without Dismounting from the site of operation).
The closest to the claimed solution, taken as a prototype, is «the Method of total absorption» (Berliner M.A. humidity Measurement. - M: Energy, 1973, .349-351), based on weighting certain amount of gas by passing it through a substance capable of absorbing water vapor, and the assessment of changes of the parameters of this matter as a result of complete absorption of moisture. To implement the method uses a system of absorption of moisture to determine its weight and measurement of the volume of the past gas. The analyzed gas is passed through three series-connected vessel, having the form of a U-shaped pipes filled with solid sorbents. To determine the mass of water vapour compare the mass of the tubes with sorbents before and after of gas flow by means of exact analytical scales. For measuring the volume of gas use the system of two cylindrical chambers, immersed in an oil bath. Cells are filled alternately. Mass of dry gas is calculated according to the number of fillings cameras given temperature and pressure.
Method of complete absorption can be considered as an absolute, and its accuracy is limited to errors of measurement operations (weighing absorber, a measurement of the amount of gas) and the presence of impurities in Gaza. The measurement process is long and laborious, therefore, these methods are only used as a laboratory. This method is used as the most precise reference on grading, tests and verification hygrometers.
This method is expensive and time-consuming (more than 30 hours) determination of moisture-in-gas and for its implementation uses a bulky device. In addition, when measured this way, you need to dismantle the hygrometer with the object of operation and delivery of it in the calibration laboratory.
The task of the claimed solution is the reduction of operating and time costs, improving the accuracy and reliability of measurements, as well as increasing the ease of measurement process and an opportunity to conduct electronic database checks.
This goal is achieved due to the fact that in the known method of determining the moisture content of gases, consisting in direct weighing, according to the published decision, measuring vessel known volume is filled with dry air and weighed, then the measuring vessel fill investigated air and weighed, fix the value of the temperature and pressure of the investigated air and, using the measured values, determine the moisture content of the investigated air by the formula:
, g/kg dry.
where m 1 is the mass of the measuring vessel with dry air, g;
m 2 - mass measurement vessel with the air, g;
V - internal volume measurement vessel, liter;
R Yves - atmospheric pressure investigated air, mm Hg;
T o - the investigated temperature of air, C;
g n - share pair, g/litre (g n =0,803 g/liter);
g c is the specific weight of the dry air, g/litre (g c =1,2928 g/liter);
R 0 - normal blood pressure, mm Hg(P 0 =760 mm Hg);
T 0 - normal temperature(T 0 =273 OC);
The technical result of the claimed method and device is the reduction of operating time due to the fact that the proposed method instead of bulky equipment and a long operation, to determine the moisture content of air carry out weighing sealed measurement vessel, for example, spherical shape, made of a light material with a known volume V, alternately filling it dry and investigated air.
A comparative analysis of the claimed solution with a known, calls:
Feature comparison
Prototype
The proposed method
Logistics
1. Accurate lever analytical balance
Electronic scales
2. Three glass vessel with chemical sorbents
Not required
3. Two calibrated cylindrical chamber made of stainless steel and massive bath temperature stabilized
A calibrated container of Duran or titanium.
4. Vacuum pump with a pressure switch
Vacuum pump (without the pressure switch)
5. Compressor with the compressed air drying
Not required
6. Refrigeration plant for the oil bath
Not required
7. Б line with stop valves
Not required
8. Gauges, temperature and pressure
Gauges, temperature and pressure
Preparation time
Up to 16 hours
Not required
Duration of measurement
Up to 30 hours
Up to 3 minutes
The duration of the processing results
Up to 30 minutes
Up to 3 minutes
Advantages of the proposed method:
a) to implement the method does not require expensive and cumbersome equipment;
b) all the operations of the proposed method takes several minutes;
in mathematical conversion values of moisture content air in any of his other characteristics;
g) allows you to create a working standard (measuring vessel) for periodic calibration of instruments measuring humidity operating at normal pressure, without dismantling the object of operation, the operating conditions;
e) the accuracy of the proposed method (methodology) depends only on the errors of the means of measurements (temperature and pressure) and may have very small values.
The claimed solution is illustrated by a drawing.
The drawing is a block diagram of realization of the method. The circuit contains a measuring vessel 1, precision scales 2, dry air 3 (for example, a cylinder with dry air), device for pumping air 4, the inlet valve shut-off valve) 5, the output valve shut-off valve) 6, barometer 7, thermometer 8, a device for collecting investigated air 9, item 10 marked the investigated medium.
To determine the moisture content of air is used sealed measuring vessel 1 (for example, the spherical form, iron or titanium) from any light material with a known volume V, which is determined by the difference of scales of the vessel without the water and the vessel of water. The volume value measurement vessel entered in the passport.
To calculate the moisture content of the investigated air the following operations take place:
1. Definition of total mass measurement vessel 1 with dry air.
Measuring vessel 1 with two cranes, input 5 output 6 pumped dry air 3 use the device for pumping air 4 (a compressor or a vacuum pump). Dry air can be obtained by dehydration of the investigated the air, i.e. passing through zeolite or from a prepared cylinder with dry air. Cranes 5 and 6 are closed alternately (first crane 6 at the outlet of the vessel, then tap 5-input and measuring vessel 1 weighed on electronic weights 2 with the required accuracy (for example, not more than + 0.1 mg).
2. Definition of total mass measurement vessel with the air.
Open both crane measurement vessel 1. In measuring vessel 1 using your device for pumping air 4 (a compressor or a vacuum pump) is pumped analyzed the air. Cranes 5 and 6 are closed alternately (first outlet of the vessel, then the input), and a measuring vessel 1 weighed on electronic weights 2 with the required accuracy (for example, not more than + 0.1 mg).
3. Record the pressure of the investigated air with the aid of a barometer 7.
4. Fix temperature investigated air using a thermometer 8.
5. Spend calculate the moisture content of the investigated air by the formula:
, g/kg dry.
where m 1 is the mass of the measuring vessel with dry air, g;
m 2 - mass measurement vessel with the air, g;
V - internal volume measurement vessel, liter;
R Yves - atmospheric pressure investigated air, mm Hg;
T o - the investigated temperature of air, C;
g n - share pair, g/litre (g n =0,803 g/liter);
g c is the specific weight of dry air (g/litre (g c =1,2928 g/liter);
R 0 - pressure under normal conditions, mm Hg(P 0 =760 mm Hg);
T 0 - temperature under normal conditions, C (T 0 =273 degrees C).
On a certain moisture d (g/kg dry air from I-d chart received empirical expression for determination of relative humidity p (%): , %
The resulting humidity φ investigated air compared with the testimony of the attorney hygrometer φ r and make a conclusion about its metrological suitability.
For the implementation of the proposed method was made hollow glass vessel with two ground tubes mass 185,46, Measurement of the mass was conducted in the laboratory at a temperature T Yves =+23 degrees C and atmospheric pressure P Yves =756 mm Hg with open traffic to avoid the influence of the density of the air in the laboratory on the results of measurements of the mass of the vessel. The internal volume of the vessel is defined by the difference of mass vessel with distilled water and empty:
V=1,6127-0,18546=1,4272 l
m packagings =185,46 g and the internal volume of the vessel V=1,427 l entered in the passport.
Filled vessel investigated air, exemplary thermometer showed relative humidity 47,6%. Vessel weighed on electronic scales with a resolution of 0.1 mg Weight amounted m 2 =187,1500, the Difference between the masses Δ m :
where m c - mass of dry air;
m x - mass investigated air;
g x - share investigated air.
Consequently, the weight of the investigated air vessel
m x =g c ·V 0-Δm=1,2928·1,3092-0,0084=1,6841,
The mass m x is the sum of the mass of dry air and the mass of water vapour with regard to the occupied volume, i.e.
m x =g x ·V 0 =m +m n =g c (V 0-V n )+g(n ·V n )=g 1,6841
The volume of the pair V n is
The moisture content of the investigated air
When temperature=+23 degrees C is the moisture content corresponds to relative humidity φ%=47.63% (I-d chart )
To increase the sensitivity of the proposed method of measuring vessel should make greater capacity.
The claimed method can be used for calibration of operating hygrometers, designed to measure the relative humidity in the working conditions of their operation (without removing the object of operation). In addition, it can be used for moisture content determination of any gases, with a corresponding coefficients of the components of the mathematical apparatus.
Method of determining the moisture content of air, which consists in direct weighing, wherein the measuring vessel known volume is filled with dry air and weighed, then the measuring vessel fill investigated air and weighed, fix the value of the temperature and pressure of the investigated air and, using the measured values, determine the moisture content d investigated air by the formula:
, g/kg dry. where m 1 is the mass of the measuring vessel with dry air, g; m 2 - mass measurement vessel with the air, g; V - the internal volume of the measuring vessel, liter; R Yves - atmospheric pressure investigated air, mm Hg; T o - the investigated temperature of air, C g n - share pair, g/litre (g n =0,803 g/liter); g c is the specific weight of the dry air, g/litre (g c =1,2928 g/liter); R 0 - normal blood pressure, mm Hg(P 0 =760 mm Hg); R 0 - normal temperature(T 0 =273 degrees C).
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