Hybrid mesh network for distributed users

FIELD: radio engineering, communication.

SUBSTANCE: network is composed of segments, having a central station and a group of user stations, each station having two receive-transmit channels. One of the channels is used for standard network operation. A user station uses the second receive-transmit channel to listen to reserved frequency bands from the system band, specifically allocated for service or emergency transmission. Upon detecting an unoccupied reserved frequency band, a user station transmits a beacon frame which is used by stations that have lost connection with the network to restore network access if any of the network segments cannot establish connection with the central station.

EFFECT: high capacity for self-recovery of a network, flexible adjustment of the structure thereof and fast rescheduling in case of load imbalance in communication channels.

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The invention relates to the field of radio engineering, in particular to technology for building wireless self-organizing networks in systems of General use, containing subscriber base, switching station.

Known access method in a wireless communication network are described in U.S. patent No. 6445701; 370/368, 370/443; 370/468 2002, "a Channel access scheme for use in network communications" (diagram of the access channel for network communications), in which the saving of time in the network based on MDR at the expense of dynamic reallocation of slots transmitting stations within a set of existing connections. To implement this method in the time frame allocated special slots in which the connected stations broadcast requests for continued work in the established channel.

The disadvantage of this method is a high probability of failure of transmission due to the exclusion router network requests for continued transmission and the need of installing high-end (expensive) computing in network routers in the construction of networks on a large number of stations. In addition, a significant contribution to the cost of the network make a fiber optic connection between the base transceiver stations and base station controllers (respectively, BTS and BSC figure 3 of US patent No. 6445701), between controllers BA the new stations and mobile switching centers (respectively, BSC and MSC)

There is a method of temporarily sealing a subscriber transmission network described in U.S. patent No. 7304978; 370/347, 2007, "Medium access control method and system" (the Way of the access control environment and system)in which to make more efficient use of time in the network with time division multiplexing Protocol keeps track of the actual use of stations distributed them time slots. If one station has finished transmitting before the assigned time limit, the other station is allowed to start its transmission earlier, thereby improving the efficiency of the filling time frame transmissions subscriber stations.

The disadvantage of this method is that with this method, a temporary seal is difficult selection guaranteed resource of some stations. If several stations will ask for a guaranteed resource, the effectiveness of this method can be reduced to zero.

The closest to the technical nature of the claimed is a Method of allocating time slots in the network radio channels" RF patent No. 2350024 H04J 003/16, H04L 012/423 2009 adopted for the prototype.

Prototype method is as follows.

One of the stations in the network was assigned to work as a Central (base) station. Using the Central station manage dostupan channel for the rest of the radio network, which subscriber stations. In this radio communication between subscriber stations is conducted through the Central station by way multiple access with time division (mdvr): channel divided into time frames that are divided into time intervals (slots)where the network stations are allowed to send and receive information. The formation of the provisional frame occurs in the Central station.

The above network structure, consisting of one Central and several subscriber stations, will be called a network segment.

The temporary structure of the frame transmitted by the Central station of the network segment, installed in accordance with the time chart presented in figure 1.

In the beginning of the time frame allocate the interval T1 to transmit the synchronization signal and the network identifier.

Then allocate the time interval T2 for the packet service, and user information from the Central station to the subscriber. The interval T2 divided into two putinterval: T2₁- to send down the packet service data to all registered stations and T2₂- to send down the packet of user information active subscriber stations.

Then allocate the time interval T3 to register subscriber stations.

Then allocate the time interval T4 to PE is Adachi up packages, service, and user information from the subscriber stations to the Central station. Interval T4 divided into potentially T4_kthat are distributed to the individual subscriber stations. Between pointervalue T4_kprovide a small protective intervals to prevent the imposition of transmission due to the different propagation time of signals from different subscriber stations.

During interval T1, the Central station transmits the synchronization signal and the network identifier. These signals can, for example, be transmitted using a robust broadband modulation. The duration and the code structure of the synchronization signal are selected in accordance with requirements, provide noise immunity of the network connection.

Subscriber stations receive the synchronization signal, perform synchronization of their receivers and awaiting arrival of the service packs from the Central station. During time interval T2₁the subscriber station is allocated from the General stream of packets addressed to them insider information on the headers.

During the interval T2₂subscriber stations that have open communication channels, taking the packet of user information distributed in the interval T2_2.k.

During interval T3 subscriber station, first aired pass short service pack registration, which contains only the ID of the et the th subscriber stations. Moreover, a subscriber station starts the registration procedure in the network regardless of the availability of Queuing packets for transmission. If the Central station has successfully received the packet with the identifier that starts the registration procedure of a subscriber station. Central station compares the received identifier with a list of possible subscribers and the list of registered subscribers. If the subscriber station is recognized fine, in her address is sent the appropriate commands to the official opening of the channel: in the interval T4 is allocated a short time interval for transmitting packet service data from the subscriber station to the Central.

If the recognition of the subscriber stations having problems, the Central station sends a refusal of registration. The reason for refusal of registration may be incorrect identifier of the subscriber station or the presence of registered stations with the given ID. Both situations are perceived as a attempt to gain unauthorized access to the network.

After receiving commands about the official opening of the channel, the subscriber station performs the transmission of packets containing necessary for network registration information. Such information may be data authentication (access codes), connected to a subscriber station equipment is, subscriber numbers of this equipment. For example, telephone number, Fax number, etc.

After registration service channel is closed, and the subscriber station continues to wait aimed her official packages from the Central station. This subscriber station will no longer be aired on its own initiative, except in the case of a possible failure of the network and the need for re-registration.

A subscriber station that has transmitted the packet ID, but have not received a reply that repeats the data packet with ID during the registration interval T3 one of the following frames, the choice of the frame is determined by a pseudorandom number generator.

The Central station periodically polls the registered subscriber stations. The polling procedure is that the Central station opens official channels for registered subscriber stations and expects responses on the service packages of the survey. If the subscriber station information to be transmitted (open requests from the channel connected to the subscriber station equipment, etc.) she passes them in the open service channel before answering service pack survey. If the subscriber station has no information to send, it transmits to the Central station response packet to the survey.

If the procedure of the survey abonentskaya requested from the Central station opening information channel, the Central station sends to the subscriber station service packs distributed to her by the interval T2_2.k(one potentialof T2_2.1- T2_2.n) - to receive and T4_k(one potentialof T4₁-T4_n) for transmission. The subscriber station acknowledges the receipt of the distribution of the allocated interval G4^. The number and the duration of the time slots allocated to the subscriber station for transmission and reception, defines the Central station depending on the requested communications service packets transmission speed.

The periodicity of the survey each subscriber station depends on the number of registered stations in the network: the smaller stations are registered, the more likely they may be removed.

Thus, the procedure of establishing a connection in the way the prototype is carried out in two stages: first registration of the subscriber stations in the network, then periodically poll the registered subscriber stations, the results of which is the opening of the channel for transmission of information, if the subscriber station has a queue of packets for transmission. In the unregulated interval register 73 is transmitted to only the identification number of the subscriber stations. All other service message associated with the registration of the subscriber stations, etc what procedures the selection of the channel for transmission of information packets, transmitted in a specially allocated to the Central station intervals.

During interval T4 subscriber stations having open communication channels, transmit the packet service, and user information in the allocated time intervals T4_k. Each subscriber station fills its allocated time interval T4_kas follows: first pass short singaporelovelinks.com, then the packet service data, then the packets of user information to the end of the interval T4k. The packet service data may contain response messages to commands from the Central station, as well as requests for additional allocations or cancel an existing one.

For example, a subscriber station AC1 has an outdoor telephone channel with the subscriber station AC2 (through the Central station). For example, during telephone conversations arises the need to transfer from AC1 video information or data in AC1 through the RS-422 port. In this case, AC1 directs the Central station request, and the Central station starts the process of changing the distribution, which consists in the following. The Central station sends to the side of the subscriber station, the packet service data with commands to open a channel on the new distribution and support channel on the old soap the division to receive the signal from the subscriber station on the new distribution.

A procedure is also provided to change the distribution without expanding the volume of the channel - optimize the use of time slots in the frame. Since the network is constantly opening and closing of channels of different stations, the intervals T2₂and T4 become fragmented: arbitrary interleaving filled with gear and free intervals T2_2.kand T4_k. To improve the efficiency of the use of time intervals, the Central station periodically initiates a shift to the beginning of the interval T4 of peginterferon T4_kand the shift to the beginning of the interval T2₂potentialof T2_2.kdistributed subscriber stations, i.e. for transmitting and receiving information to subscriber stations run procedure change distribution. Each of these subscriber stations receives as part of the service information new distribution and rebuilt the transmission and reception in new time slots in the nearest convenient for the subscriber station time. Central station supports both distribution to reception of the signal of the given subscriber station in a new timeslot. Only after establishing a channel on the new Central distribution station closes the old distribution. Thus, by changing the distribution of connection is not of abortion is raised, the subscriber does not lose data.

A subscriber station that has received the distribution, reserves the outdoor channel dedicated volume up until she does not ask for the closing of the channel. The Central station does not reduce the amount allocated to this subscriber station distribution even in the case of weak activity transmission. To close the channel, the subscriber station transmits the appropriate service package in the beginning of the interval T4_kand continues to transmit the information to the end of this interval.

In the method prototype provides only two cases of cancellation of distributions on the initiative of the Central station, because there are hardware failures or intentional disabling of the subscriber. When the Central station interrogates his group registered subscriber stations (passive and active) and receives a response message, it collects information about the health of their subscribers. You can pass multiple response messages. For example, the subscriber station is stopped for any obstacle and not hears requests. And only in case of exceeding a specified interval, the Central station closes the channel, not responding subscriber stations.

There is also a case of cancellation of the distribution on the initiative of the Central station for providing a channel to the subscriber with the highest priority, for example, the provision of high-speed channel to the commander or to transmit messages related to emergencies. Under normal conditions, the distribution of the allocated subscriber station is not reduced and is not cancelled on the initiative of the Central station, i.e. the subscriber is guaranteed allocation of channel quality.

Central station analyzes the received packets to determine the presence of errors and produces further transmission of broken packages depending on the importance of the transmitted information. Because the transfer of information between subscriber stations through the Central station, when errors are detected in the incoming packets of information, the Central station performs the following actions:

If an error is detected in the packet multimedia information (voice, video), and in the information part of the packet, the packet is passed to the destination. If the error is localized in the packet header of the multimedia information, the packet has a new header and transmitted to the recipient. If an error is detected in the packet information of the greatest importance (data), the Central station refuses to transfer to the recipient of such service and the packet can be retransmitted by the decision of the higher-level protocols, thereby, the physical layer shall be exempt from the procedures again before the Chi. As a result, not all corrupted packets to be retransmitted, which provides additional network bandwidth savings.

The Central station of this network segment can function as a subscriber station in the network segment a higher level in the hierarchy, which, in turn, consists of many similar stations. To ensure reliable communication with the Central station of another network segment, the Central station operates independent of the frame of this segment of the network to transmit and receive information from the Central station of another network segment in a separate frequency band different from the frequency band of the radio in the same network segment, with another high frequency circuit and the other antenna. Time frame exchange between the Central stations of the adjacent network segments are not bound to the temporary frame exchange between the Central station and the respective subscriber stations.

Thus, in the described way is the prototype of the distribution of time intervals in network radio channels are improved noise immunity connectivity by minimizing unregulated outputs broadcast subscriber stations, and the provision of the desired channel quality for a long period of time.

Od is ako in the prototype there are a number of untapped opportunities, which limits the flexibility of networking, the ability to heal itself and can lead to inefficient use of the potential of high-performance radio stations that make up the network. In particular, the behavior of the subscriber stations of the network segment of the lower level of the hierarchy when the failure of the station, which is Central to this segment.

Thus, the disadvantages of the prototype method are strict centralization of message delivery and no algorithm operational restructuring of the network.

In the invention solves the problem of constructing a hybrid mesh network for distributed users, which provides a parallel network with centralized management on the basis of time-division channels of mesh network implementing a decentralized wiring chart from station to station in relation to each other, and the task of healing the integrity of the network when the failure of the control stations.

Technical result achieved - increased capacity of the network to heal itself, flexible adjustment of its structure and operational redistribution graph in the case of uneven loading of the communication channels.

To solve the problem, in a known way, including the appointment of one of the station is the first network to the Central station, on the side of the Central station, division of communication channel on time frames, the transmission of the synchronization signal, the dividing of a time frame on the time intervals, where the network stations are allowed to send and receive information, the distribution of subscriber stations temporary pointervalue (slots), where each subscriber station can transmit and receive information, exchange of transmission to the Central station of another network of this system in the frequency band different from the frequency bands, which are subscriber stations of this network, and on the side of the subscriber station is establishing synchronization with the Central station, the reception and allocation of service information on allocation of time slots for transmission and receive packets of user information, the packets of user information in accordance with the timing and packet transmission of user information in accordance with the distribution of time intervals, and in the time frame of the Central station after transmission of the synchronization signal allocate time interval for transmitting packet service data from the Central station to the subscriber stations, and then allocate the time interval is divided into time slots for packet transmission of user information from the Central station to ABO the Agency stations, then allocate the time slot for the reception of subscriber stations, and then allocate the time interval is divided in time slots, for receiving the packet service, and user information from subscriber stations in accordance with the distributed them slots on the side of the subscriber station to establish synchronization with the Central station, take the packages of official information from the Central station during the entire interval of the transmission of service information and allocate commands addressed to them at the opening of official channels; on the side of the subscriber station first aired, after the establishment of synchronization with the signal of the Central station during the registration interval transmit the packet with the identifier in the direction the Central station and await the arrival of the teams at the official opening of the channel from the Central station, the Central station take the package ID from the subscriber station during the registration interval and the interval for transmitting packet service data in subsequent frames transmit commands to open a service channel subscriber station whose identifier was received successfully; on the side of the subscriber station receiving the command to open the service channel, carry out packet transmission overhead in a dissolved, and edelenyi her time slots; on the side of the subscriber station, which transmitted the identifier, but has not received a command to open a service channel, repeat the transmission of the identifier in the registration interval following randomly selected frames; on the side of the Central station periodically transmits the service packages of the survey in the direction of the registered subscriber stations, opening official channels to send replies to the packets of the survey and, if necessary, requests the distribution of the registered subscriber stations; on the side of the Central station transmits the packet service data with commands to open channels for packet transmission of user information from subscriber stations that requested distribution; on the side of the Central station take the packets of user information from subscriber stations in distributed them time slots within one or more frames; on the side of the Central station periodically optimize the use of time slots in the frame, while active subscriber stations allocate a new distribution and continue to receive signals on the old distribution to communication on the new distribution, then close the channel on the old distribution; on the side of the Central station, close the channel for transmission of packets of user details is rmacie the corresponding message from the subscriber station, or in the absence of a response from the subscriber stations to the preset number of scans; on the side of the Central station analyze erroneously received packets of information according to the degree of importance of the message and the transfer destination error-free and corrupted packets with information lowest degree of importance and only error-free packets of information of the highest importance; in addition, from the Central station to perform radio communications with the Central station of another network segment, is included in the system, regardless of the time frame of your network segment, and each of the subscriber stations when necessary, manages the group of stations forming the network segment of the lower level, according to the invention, in the frequency range of the system there are several backup frequency bands for official or emergency transfers; the side of the subscriber stations of the network segments of the lower level communicate with the Central station its network segment in the frequency band of its network segment using a first transmit-receive path and scan the backup frequency bands using a second transmit-receive path of this subscriber station; upon detection of the Unallocated reserve of the frequency band on the side of the subscriber stations of the network segment of the lower level of the transfer frame is a beacon in the Unallocated reserve bandwidth using a second transmit-receive path regardless Cadro the first transmit-receive path of this subscriber stations; in the event of loss of signal station, which is the Central station in a network segment of the lower level and at the same time, the subscriber station in the network segment of the upper level, each of the subscriber stations of the network segment of the lower level, become isolated, produce scan backup frequency bands and the frequency band of the network segment of the upper level; in the event of loss of signal station, which is the Central station in a network segment of the lower level and at the same time, the subscriber station in the network segment of the upper level, each of the subscriber stations of the network segment of the lower level, become isolated, produce a timing signal failure this Central station; upon reaching the given time value signal failure the Central τ1, subscriber station isolated network segment, which set the timeout equal to τ1, appoint Central in this network segment, and carry out the registration procedure this Central station in the network segment of the upper level as a subscriber station;

in case of successful registration in the network segment of the upper level, reconnected the isolated network segment of the lower level network segment top-level registered through this station;

the failure of the registration in the segment of the network top-level carry out the registration procedure in any network segment of the lower level;

in case of successful registration in the network segment of the lower level, reconnected the isolated network segment of the lower level network segment top-level registered through this station and the network segment of the lower level;

the failure of the registration in the network segment of the lower level of conduct procedures for the temporary registration from the subscriber station of any neighboring network segment of the lower level, which transmitted the frame is a beacon, and reconnected the isolated network segment of the lower level network segment top-level subscriber station that sent the frame-lighthouse, and the network segment of the lower level;

upon reaching the given time value signal failure of the Central station τ2, and failure recovery links between isolated network segment of the lower level network segment of the upper level through the station, repeat the above steps to restore communication between the network segment of the lower level network segment of the upper level through another subscriber station of this isolated network segment, which set the timeout equal to τ2;

upon reaching the given time value signal failure of the Central station τ3, and failure recovery procedures communication between the network segment of the lower level network segment of the upper level through the station, at which the ow is set to timeout, equal to τ2, the above steps to restore communication between network segments, the lower level network segment of the upper level via another station of this isolated network segment, which set the timeout equal to τ3, and so forth;

in the case of recovery of the failed Central station upon reaching the time when the connection between the isolated network segment of the lower level and the network segment of the upper level is restored through one of the subscriber stations on that network segment of the lower level to the restored Central station carry out the registration procedure in the network segment of the upper level as subscriber stations, carry out the registration procedure in the segment of low-level network as subscriber stations and, if necessary, carry out the procedure for the transfer of control from the station of this network segment, assumed the duties of the Central station, to the restored station;

on the side of the Central station in the time frames of the segments of the lower level secrete intervals for posting graphics mesh network;

on the side of the subscriber station of any of the network segments of the lower level accept packages of service information for the entire interval of the transmission of service information and stores the addresses of all stations, which packets are to be sent, DL is forming stations list of participants of the mesh network;

on the side of the subscriber station of any of the network segments of the lower level listening interval for the transaction graph mesh network, accept packages graphics mesh network and send these packets to the stations from the station list of the participants of the mesh network;

in the case of a large activity of subscribers of a network segment of the lower level on the side of the Central station of this segment in the interval service information transfer failure to request discovery channel subscriber stations; on the side of the subscriber stations, rejected the discovery channel, produced scan backup frequency bands and the receiving frame is a beacon from any of the subscriber stations within range; then carry out a temporary registration of the subscriber station with a request to open a channel to the subscriber station that sent the frame-lighthouse; in case of successful registration and opening of the channel to transmit data packets and close the channel; the failure of the registration of the subscriber station repeat the procedure of open request channel in the Central station of this segment and scan the backup frequency bands.

Additionally, for combining at least two duplex networks over vast expanses of territory in the absence of range and cannot register in the Central station segment of the upper level of the other network, the subscriber's article is ncii adjacent segments, located within the footprint of register as subscriber stations in neighboring segments of the bottom level belonging to different segments of the upper level, and carry out the wiring of the graph through these subscriber stations through a network gateways between two two-level networks;

radio stations, of which are segments of a network, perform in the same programmable device with two independent receiving / transmitting modules and program depending on the needs of the network to work as either Central or subscriber stations in each of the two receiving and transmitting modules, which on the physical level, mainly used signal-to-code designs with orthogonal code multiplexing (OCDM);

the network segments of the upper level of the hierarchy can have access to the global network, using for posting graphics wireless communication line mostly on LTE technology.

Figure 1 presents the structure of the temporary frame network mdvr on the description of the patent-prototype.

Figure 2 presents the structure of the network of several segments according to the description of the patent-prototype.

Figure 3 presents the structure of the network by the proposed method in case of failure of the Central station segment N2, which at the same time is a subscriber station AC 2₀in NEGP is anti N0. The subscriber station AC k₂segment N2 took over the responsibilities of the Central station in the segment N2.

Figure 4 presents the structure of the network by the proposed method in the case when the subscriber station AC k₂who took over the responsibilities of the Central station in the segment N2, are not registered in the Central station segment N0 and attempts the check-in station, which is the subscriber station in the segment N0 and at the same time the Central station in the Ns segment.

Figure 5 presents the structure of the network by the proposed method in the case when the subscriber station AC k₂who took over the responsibilities of the Central station in the segment N2, are not registered in the Central station segment Ns and attempts registered in the station that sent the frame is a beacon in one of the backup frequency bands.

Figure 6 presents the structure of the network by the proposed method in the case of opening a temporary communication channel between subscriber stations of different network segments.

Figure 7 presents the structure of the network by the proposed method in case of establishing a gateway between the two duplex structures network, located in a large area.

On Fig (L.1) and Fig (L.2) presents an algorithm to restore the network when the failure of the Central station one of the segments of the lower level.

Figure 10 shows the structure of the temporary frame network mdvr, providing a resource for posting graphics mesh network according to the proposed method.

Figure 11 shows a graph of the relationship between specific energy and β frequency α_Fthe cost of the communication channel required to transmit one binary unit of information.

Figure 2-9 introduced the following notation:

N0, N02 - network segment top-level group of stations, one of which is Central, and the others work as subscriber in the network segment and as Central in the network segment of the lower level;

N1 ... Nv - segment low-level network - a group of stations, one of which is Central in this network segment and simultaneously subscriber in the network segment of the upper level; the other stations in this segment operate as a subscriber;

CA_s- Central station network segment Ns;

CA 1/CA 0 - station, which is Central both network segments N1 and N0;

s/ACs₀station, which is also Central in the network segment Ns and subscriber in the network segment N0;

AC rs - r-th subscriber station network segment Ns.

The proposed method of communication between subscribers in a hybrid mesh network for distributed users is as follows.

Several radio stations are combined into a network for collaboration. The network is formed mainly of a two-level hierarchy, where each network segment has a structure of type "star". One of the radio stations in the segment of top-level N0 appointed by the Central station, and the other subscriber. At the same time, each of the stations segment N0 can be the Central segment of the lower level of the hierarchy N1 ... Ns (figure 2). Within each segment outputs are set in the radio stations belonging to the network segment, by the Central station in this segment by the method described in the patent prototype. That is, the Central station transmits a signal, which divides the channel into time frames.

Structure time frame set in accordance with the time diagram presented on figure 10. In the beginning of the time frame allocate the interval T1 to transmit the synchronization signal and the network identifier.

Then allocate the time interval T2 for the packet service, and user information from the Central station to the subscriber. The interval T2 divided into two putinterval: T2₁- to send down the packet service data to all registered stations and T2₂- to send down the packet of user information active subscriber stations.

The ZAT is allocate the time interval T3 to register subscriber stations.

Then allocate the time interval T4 to transfer "up" packages, service, and user information from the subscriber stations to the Central station. Interval T4 divided into potentially T4_kthat are distributed to the individual subscriber stations. Between pointervalue T4_kprovide a small protective intervals to prevent the imposition of transmission due to the different propagation time of signals from different subscriber stations.

During interval T1, the Central station transmits the synchronization signal and the network identifier. These signals can, for example, be transmitted using a robust broadband modulation. The duration and the code structure of the synchronization signal are selected in accordance with requirements, provide noise immunity of the network connection.

Subscriber stations receive the synchronization signal, perform synchronization of their receivers and awaiting arrival of the service packs from the Central station. During time interval T2₁the subscriber station is allocated from the General stream of packets addressed to them insider information on the headers.

During the interval T2₂subscriber stations that have open communication channels, taking the packet of user information distributed in the interval T2_2.k.

In t the increase of the interval T3 subscriber stations, first aired pass short service pack registration, which contains only the ID of the subscriber stations. Moreover, a subscriber station starts the registration procedure in the network regardless of the availability of Queuing packets for transmission. If the Central station has successfully received the packet with the identifier that starts the registration procedure of a subscriber station. Central station compares the received identifier with a list of possible subscribers and the list of registered subscribers. If the subscriber station is recognized fine, in her address is sent the appropriate commands to the official opening of the channel: in the interval T4 is allocated a short time interval for transmitting packet service data from the subscriber station to the Central.

If the recognition of the subscriber stations having problems, the Central station sends a refusal of registration. The reason for refusal of registration may be incorrect identifier of the subscriber station or the presence of registered stations with the given ID. Both situations are perceived as a attempt to gain unauthorized access to the network.

After receiving commands about the official opening of the channel, the subscriber station performs the transmission of packets containing required for registration with the minute details. Such information may be data authentication (access codes), connected to a subscriber station equipment, subscriber numbers of this equipment. For example, telephone number, Fax number, etc.

After registration service channel is closed, and the subscriber station continues to wait aimed her official packages from the Central station. This subscriber station will no longer be aired on its own initiative, except in the case of a possible failure of the network and the need for re-registration.

A subscriber station that has transmitted the packet ID, but have not received a reply that repeats the data packet with ID during the registration interval 73 one of the following frames, the choice of the frame is determined by a pseudorandom number generator.

The Central station periodically polls the registered subscriber stations. The polling procedure is that the Central station opens official channels for registered subscriber stations and expects responses on the service packages of the survey. If the subscriber station information to be transmitted (open requests from the channel connected to the subscriber station equipment, etc.) she passes them in the open service channel before answering service pack survey. If the subscriber station is and there is no information to send, it is the Central station transmits the response packet to the survey.

If the procedure of the survey the subscriber station is requested from the Central station, the opening of the information channel, the Central station sends to the subscriber station service packs distributed to her by the interval T2_2.k(one potentialof T2_2.1- T2_2.n) - to receive and T4_k(one potentialof T4₁-T4_n) for transmission. The subscriber station acknowledges the receipt of the distribution of the allocated interval T4_k. The number and the duration of the time slots allocated to the subscriber station for transmission and reception, defines the Central station depending on the requested communications service packets transmission speed.

The periodicity of the survey each subscriber station depends on the number of registered stations in the network: the smaller stations are registered, the more likely they may be removed.

Thus, the procedure for establishing the connection is carried out in two stages: first registration of the subscriber stations in the network, then periodically poll the registered subscriber stations, the results of which is the opening of the channel for transmission of information, if the subscriber station has a queue of packets for transmission. In the unregulated interval region is ation T3 is only the identification number of the subscriber stations. All other service message associated with the registration of the subscriber stations and procedures for allocation of a channel for transmission of information packets are transmitted in a specially allocated to the Central station intervals.

During interval T4 subscriber stations having open communication channels, transmit the packet service, and user information in the allocated time intervals T4_k. Each subscriber station fills its allocated time interval T4_kas follows: first pass short synchro-sequence, then the packet service data, then the packets of user information to the end of the interval T4_k. The packet service data may contain response messages to commands from the Central station, as well as requests for additional allocations or cancel an existing one.

For example, a subscriber station AC1 has an outdoor telephone channel with the subscriber station AC2 (through the Central station). For example, during telephone conversations arises the need to transfer from AC1 video information or data in AC1 through the RS-422 port. In this case, AC1 directs the Central station corresponding to the query and the Central station starts the process of changing the distribution, which consists in the following. Central stantinople in the direction of subscriber stations, the packet service data with commands to open a channel on the new distribution and support channel on the old distribution to receive the signal from the subscriber station to the new distribution.

A procedure is also provided to change the distribution without expanding the volume of the channel - optimize the use of time slots in the frame. Since the network is constantly opening and closing of channels of different stations, the intervals T2₂and T4 become fragmented: arbitrary interleaving filled with gear and free intervals T2_2.kand T4_k. To improve the efficiency of the use of time intervals the Central station periodically initiates a shift to the beginning of the interval T4 potentialof T4_kand the shift to the beginning of the interval T2₂potentialof T2_2.kdistributed subscriber stations, i.e. for transmitting and receiving information to subscriber stations run procedure change distribution. Each of these subscriber stations receives as part of the service information new distribution and rebuilt the transmission and reception in new time slots in the nearest convenient for the subscriber station time. Central station supports both distribution to reception of the signal of the given subscriber station in a new timeslot. Only after establishing a channel on the new Central distribution station closes the old distribution. Thus, when changing distribution the connection is not interrupted, the subscriber does not lose data.

A subscriber station that has received the distribution, reserves the outdoor channel dedicated volume up until itself nor will request the closing of the channel. The Central station does not reduce the amount allocated to this subscriber station distribution even in the case of weak activity transmission. To close the channel, the subscriber station transmits the appropriate service package in the beginning of the interval T4_kand continues to transmit the information to the end of this interval.

There are only two cases of cancellation of distributions on the initiative of the Central station, because there are hardware failures or intentional disabling of the subscriber (for military applications). When the Central station interrogates his group registered subscriber stations (passive and active) and receives a response message, it collects information about the health of their subscribers. You can pass multiple response messages. For example, the subscriber station is stopped for any obstacle and not hears requests. And only in case of exceeding a specified interval Central station closes the channel is not responding subscriber stations.

There is also a case of cancellation of the distribution initiatives the Central station for providing a channel to the subscriber with the highest priority, for example, the provision of high-speed channel to the commander or to transmit messages related to emergencies. Under normal conditions, the distribution of the allocated subscriber station is not reduced and is not cancelled on the initiative of the Central station, i.e. the subscriber is guaranteed allocation of channel quality.

Central station analyzes the received packets to determine the presence of errors and produces further transmission of broken packages depending on the importance of the transmitted information. Because the transfer of information between subscriber stations through the Central station when an error is detected in incoming packets to the Central station performs the following actions:

If an error is detected in the packet multimedia information (voice, video), and in the information part of the packet, the packet is passed to the destination. If the error is localized in the packet header of the multimedia information, the packet has a new header and transmitted to the recipient. If an error is detected in the packet information of the greatest importance (data), the Central station refuses to transfer to the recipient of such service and the packet can be retransmitted by the decision of the higher-level protocols, thereby, the physical layer shall be exempt from the procedures again before the Chi. As a result, not all corrupted packets to be retransmitted, which provides additional network bandwidth savings.

The Central station of this network segment (for example, CA 2 of segment N2 figure 2) can simultaneously operate as a subscriber station AC 2₀in the network segment of a higher hierarchy level N0, which, in turn, consists of many similar stations. To make this possible, as in the patent-prototype, all radios have two independent transmit-receive path. As such radios can be used locally (programmable radio) "Sunrise", developed in JSC "Concern "Sozvezdie", Voronezh [3].

Each segment of the network stations operate at the carrier frequency different from the carrier frequencies of other segments. Thus, station CA 11 AC 2₀is the gateway for communication stations segment N2 with the rest of the network segments in figure 2.

Subscriber stations of any network segment of the lower level, for example, station AC 1₁... AC m₁network segment N1, operate in the frequency band of the Central station of its segment CA 1 using the first path transfers, and using a second independent path transfers these stations perform scanning backup frequency bands dedicated to di is the range of frequencies of the system. Upon detection of vacant frequency bands subscriber station network segment lower layer transmits the frame is a beacon.

Assume that station CA 2/AC 2₀for some reason failed. Then the subscriber station network segment N2 are isolated from other network segments and are taking actions to resume communications with the network.

With the disappearance of the signal of the Central station of a network segment in each of the subscriber stations belonging to a given network segment starts timing signal failure of the Central station. Thus at each station are set a certain timeout period, during which it should not take action. The station, at which the specified timeout value τ1 below, for example, AU k₂assumes the role of the base station in this segment N2, that is, it starts to transmit frame (figure 10), distribute spacing broadcast to other stations of the network segment and transaction information packages.

At the same time using the second path receiving-transmitting station, which has become Central in this segment, starts searching for a network segment N0: synchronizes with the frame base station segment N0, is registered in the segment of N0 (3) and begins to perform all the functions have been eliminated from the order station CA 2/AC 2_{0 according to the algorithm shown in Fig.}

_{If the Central station segment of the lower level cannot communicate with the segment N0, then, after a specified number of failed attempts, she tries to establish a connection with the segment of its level. If the Central station has successfully registered in the segment of its level, then the network becomes a three-level (figure 4).}

_{Service information that the network has become a three-level, can be delivered to the Central station of the upper segment N0, where the results of the analysis of the current network status of the decision on reconfiguration of the network, bringing it to the usual two-level structure. Analysis of the state of the network can be performed by such parameters as the number of registered subscriber stations in each segment, the data about the locations of subscriber stations registered in each segment, the activity of the subscriber stations registered in each segment, etc. According to the analysis of some subscriber stations of the segments of the lower level can get the team on the opening of the official channels for the exchange of service messages for translation into other segments of the network.}

_{Registration station in the network segment is registered in the Central station of the network segment. If the Central station of the lower segment of the Ural branch of the nya is unable to establish communication with a segment of its level (the Central station segment of its level), she begins to scan the backup frequency band to search for frame-beacon from any of the subscriber stations of any segment of the network and attempts to register in the subscriber station that sent the frame-lighthouse, as in "Central" station (figure 5). In case of successful registration to some subscriber stations, which became the Central station segment of the lower level communicates with the network through a subscriber station that sent the frame is a beacon, to obtain the corresponding instructions from the Central station segment of the lower level or indirect Central station segment N0.}

_{If the station AC k2failed at the specified time to take on the role of the Central station in the segment (e.g., is outside of the zone of radio visibility), it stops transmitting frames to other stations segment and continues to attempt to register in any other segment.}

The failure of station AC k₂become Central in its segment comes time to activate the next station in this segment, for example, AU 1₂, which at the end of its timeout τ2 performs the same actions as the station AC k₂. As in the case with AC k₂station AC 1₂can either successfully register in the segment of top-level N0, or in the event of failure to attempt to register in another is egment his level, etc. This procedure, in the worst case, can pass all subscriber stations segment that has lost its Central station. As a result, this segment will cease to exist, and failed to take over the management of the station one by one to join the other segments of its level.

If one of the stations of the network segment successfully took on the role of the Central station in its network segment have been successfully registered in the segment of top-level N0, performs all the functions have been eliminated from the operation of the Central station and at this time the former Central station (CA 2/AC 2₀) this segment regained their functionality, it is possible (but not mandatory) procedure for the transfer of control from the new Central station of this segment to the restored. The need to transfer control can be associated with infrastructure connections restored station or subordination station owners in military applications.

Procedure for the transfer of control is as follows. The restored station is registered as subscriber stations in its network segment and in the segment of the network top-level N0. Forward the appropriate service message, the Central station on its network segment and upper segment level N0. In the messaging appointed time, when the station is tausha Central, ceases to transmit the frame, restored the station begins to transmit the frame (figure 10), and the Central station segment of the upper level carries out the corresponding packet forwarding.

When radical changes in the structure of network and subscriber stations of the segments of the lower level work in accordance with the description of the patent-prototype, the first transmit-receive paths of these stations are used for radio communications on the network segment, and the latter are underloaded (only periodically transmit frame-lighthouse) and can be used for posting messages on the principle of mesh networks [1, 2]. For this purpose in the frame of the second transmit-receive paths subscriber stations (including shots of the lighthouse) can be allocated a special intervals on a temporary or on a permanent basis (figure 10, T2_mand T4_mfor transmission and reception respectively). As information about the "neighbors"that are needed for mesh network, can use the information about the registered subscriber stations, which is present in the frame, but is not used by the subscriber stations in normal mode. Subscriber stations basically see all packets in the frame, but choose only "their". From the headers of "foreign" packages each station can generate for themselves the current list of neighbors for mesh-network and post pactola posting graphics mesh network is presented in Fig.9.

With great activity of the subscribers of a network segment of the lower-level subscriber station may receive a waiver to request the opening of the channel. In this case, the subscriber station starts scanning the backup frequency bands in search of a frame-lighthouse any subscriber stations within range (6), register in the subscriber station that sent the frame-lighthouse, how the Central station and sends your schedule through subscriber station that sent the frame-lighthouse. These connections are created mainly for short messages.

To build networks on the territory of great extent, when the Central station of the segments of the upper level are located at distances greater than the communication range, and the subscriber station segments of the lower level can mutually receive signals, one of the subscriber stations segment of the lower level may register in the segment of the lower level which belongs to another segment of the upper level and to act as the gateway for the transaction graph between these segments (Fig.7).

Traffic in the segment of the upper level may be intended for subscribers of the network or for access to a global network such as the Internet, digital television, electronic devices and other Basic nodes can be connected to wired networks (cable or in lokono-optic lines), as shown in figure 3 of U.S. patent No. 6445701. In rural areas, especially in sparsely populated areas, wired network quite often absent or underdeveloped and do not develop due to the lack of economic efficiency of such projects [4, 5]. In this situation an alternative to wired connections to global networks can serve as wireless communication channels. To provide access to the global network remote caller groups, not with wired networks, the segments of the upper level can connect to the access point WAN using mostly LTE [4].

Radio stations, of which are segments of a network, perform in the same programmable device with two independent receiving / transmitting modules and programmed to operate as either Central or subscriber stations in each of the two transceiver modules, which on the physical level, mainly used signal-to-code designs with orthogonal code multiplexing (Orthogonal Code Division Multiplexing, OCDM) [2, 3], which provides high noise immunity of the communication channels at a good speed transmission and efficient use of bandwidth.

The physical layer of LTE technology [4] is based on the use of code modulations with orthogonal frequency is multiplexion (technology Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM) [2], which provides a high transmission rate in the transmission lines between the relay and base units, mainly stationary and, therefore, working on directional antennas.

Selection of signal-to-code design is based on the relationship between specific energy and frequency cost channel transmission of a message, which is a consequence of the well-known law, C. Shannon capacity of a communication channel

C=ΔFlog₂(1+RS/Cs),

where C is the bandwidth of the communication channel;

ΔF is the bandwidth of the radio section;

RS is the average power of the useful signal at the receiver input;

Cs - average power fluctuation noise at the receiver input (in-band ΔF).

If we use the values of specific consumption of bandwidth α_F=ΔF/R, where R is the transmission rate, and the specific power consumption of the signal to a single binary unit of information β=Pc/NoR, where No is the power spectral density of the noise in the band, the receiver (R→C) the Shannon formula can be represented in the form

It follows from this formula the expression that defines the relationship between energy and frequency cost communication channel required to transmit the information message.

- a minimal boundary energy costs (i.e. the lowest possible power spectral density of radiation for a given probability of error at the receiving end of the radio link) in the communication channel, which provides high quality information represented by the 0,693 (which corresponds to the signal-to-noise ratio in the channel minus 1,6 dB); the relative speed of information should not be less than 10;

- in the frequency-limited continuous communication channels specific information transfer speed it is advisable to select equal to 1/α_F=R/ ∆ F=2 (i.e., the speed of information transmission 2 times more bandwidth under low energy consumption (less than 1.8 dB); this is the case OCDM signals;

- implementation of the higher specific speed in the communication channel leads to a sharp increase in energy costs. Such communication systems provide the maximum bandwidth of the communication channel, regardless of the energy losses. For example, when the specific speed is equal to 4, the cost will be 5,19 dB. This refers to the OFDM signal.

Relatively low noise on OFDM relay nodes is not significant, since these nodes are stationary and IP is resultsa directional antennas, significantly improves EMC, while ensuring high throughput required in the main line.

Thus, while retaining all the positive properties of the prototype method, the proposed method provides restoration of the integrity of the network after a failure of any of the control stations, increases resource use efficiency of radio stations forming the network, increases the flexibility of the network due to the introduction of parallel mesh network to provide wireless high-speed rail line to access the global network.

Sources of information

1. Osipov I.E. Mesh networks: technology, applications, equipment /Technology and communication, 2006, No. 4.

2. Wisniewski Century And other Broadband wireless networks transmit information. M: Technosphere, 2005. - 592 S.

3. Radio "Sunrise" ITNA,464425.043 developed in JSC "Concern "Sozvezdie".

4. Muravitsky O. LTE: five minutes to 4G // Home PC, 26.10.2011. http://itc.ua/articles/standart_lte_56151.

5. Ladle Subl fourth // Kommersant, 13.12.2011. http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/1836868.

1. The method of forming a hybrid mesh network for distributed users, including the appointment of one of the stations of the network segment of the Central station, the Central station division of the communication channel on the time frames, the transmission signal sync the organization, the division of a time frame on the time intervals, where the network stations are allowed to send and receive information, the distribution of subscriber stations temporary pointervalue (slots), where each subscriber station can transmit and receive information, exchange of transmission to the Central station of another network of this system in the frequency band different from the frequency bands, which are subscriber stations of this network, and on the side of the subscriber station is establishing synchronization with the Central station, the reception and allocation of service information on the distribution of time intervals for transmitting and receiving packets, user information, packets of user information in accordance with the timing and packet transmission of user information in accordance with the distribution of time intervals, and in the time frame of the Central station after transmission of the synchronization signal allocate time interval for transmitting packet service data from the Central station to the subscriber stations, and then allocate the time interval is divided into time slots for packet transmission of user information from the Central station to the subscriber stations, and then allocate the time slot for the reception of subscriber stations, and then allocate the time interval, divided in time slots, for receiving the packet service, and user information from subscriber stations in accordance with the distributed them slots on the side of the subscriber station to establish synchronization with the Central station, take the packages of official information from the Central station during the entire interval of the transmission of service information and allocate commands addressed to them at the opening of official channels; on the side of the subscriber station first aired, after the establishment of synchronization with the signal of the Central station during the registration interval transmit the packet with the identifier in the direction of the Central station and await the arrival of the teams at the official opening of the channel from the Central station; on the side of the Central station take the package ID from the subscriber station during the registration interval and the interval for transmitting packet service data in subsequent frames transmit commands to open a service channel subscriber station whose identifier was received successfully; on the side of the subscriber station receiving the command to open the service channel, carry out packet transmission overhead in a distributed her time slots; on the side of the subscriber station, which transmitted the identifier, but have not received the commands for opening the service channel, repeat the transmission of the identifier in the registration interval following randomly selected frames; on the side of the Central station periodically transmits the service packages of the survey in the direction of the registered subscriber stations, opening official channels to send replies to the packets of the survey and, if necessary, requests the distribution of the registered subscriber stations; on the side of the Central station transmits the packet service data with commands to open channels for packet transmission of user information from subscriber stations that requested distribution; on the side of the Central station take the packets of user information from subscriber stations in a distributed them time slots within one or more frames; on the side of the Central station periodically spend optimizing the use of time slots in the frame, with the active subscriber stations allocate a new distribution and continue to receive signals on the old distribution to communication on the new distribution, then close the channel on the old distribution; on the side of the Central station, close the channel for transmission of packets of user information corresponding to the message from the subscriber station, or in the absence of a response from the subscriber stations on the acceptable number of surveys; on the side of the Central station analyze erroneously received packets of information according to the degree of importance of the message and transmits the destination error-free and corrupted packets with information lowest degree of importance and only error-free packets of information of the highest importance; in addition, from the Central station to perform radio communications with the Central station of another network segment, is included in the system, regardless of the time frame of your network segment, and each of the subscriber stations when necessary, manages the group of stations forming the network segment of the lower level, characterized in that
in the frequency range of the system there are several backup frequency bands for official or emergency transfers;
on the side of the subscriber stations of the network segments of the lower level communicate with the Central station its network segment in the frequency band of its network segment using the first path transfers and scanning backup frequency bands by using the second path transfers this subscriber stations;
upon detection of the Unallocated reserve of the frequency band on the side of the subscriber stations of the network segment of the lower level of the transfer frame is a beacon in the Unallocated reserve of the band using the second path transfers Nezavisimoe frames of the first tract transfers this subscriber stations;
in the event of loss of signal station, which is the Central station in a network segment of the lower level and at the same time, the subscriber station in the network segment of the upper level, each of the subscriber stations of the network segment of the lower level, become isolated, produce scan backup frequency bands and the frequency band of the network segment of the upper level;
in the event of loss of signal station, which is the Central station in a network segment of the lower level and at the same time, the subscriber station in the network segment of the upper level, each of the subscriber stations of the network segment of the lower level, become isolated, produce a timing signal failure of this Central station;
upon reaching the given time value signal failure the Central τ1, subscriber station isolated network segment, which set the timeout equal to τ1, appoint Central in this network segment, and carry out the registration procedure this Central station in the network segment of the upper level as subscriber stations;
in case of successful registration in the network segment of the upper level, reconnected the isolated network segment of the lower level network segment top-level registered through this station;
the failure of the registration NEGP is ente network top-level carry out the registration procedure in any network segment of the lower level;
in case of successful registration in the network segment of the lower level, reconnected the isolated network segment of the lower level network segment top-level registered through this station and the network segment of the lower level;
the failure of the registration in the network segment of the lower level of conduct procedures for the temporary registration from the subscriber station of any neighboring network segment of the lower level, which transmitted the frame is a beacon, and reconnected the isolated network segment of the lower level network segment top-level subscriber station that sent the frame-lighthouse, and the network segment of the lower level;
upon reaching the given time value signal failure of the Central station τ2, and failure recovery links between isolated network segment of the lower level network segment of the upper level through the station, repeat the above steps to restore communication between the network segment of the lower level network segment of the upper level through another subscriber station of this isolated network segment, which set the timeout equal to τ2;
upon reaching the given time value signal failure of the Central station τ3, and failure recovery procedures communication between the network segment of the lower level network segment of the upper level through the station, which for the ANO timeout, equal to τ2, the above steps to restore communication between network segments, the lower level network segment of the upper level via another station of this isolated network segment, which set the timeout equal to τ3, and so forth;
in the case of recovery of the failed Central station upon reaching the time when the connection between the isolated network segment of the lower level and the network segment of the upper level is restored through one of the subscriber stations on that network segment of the lower level to the restored Central station carry out the registration procedure in the network segment of the upper level as subscriber stations, carry out the registration procedure in the segment of low-level network as subscriber stations and, if necessary, carry out the procedure for the transfer of control from the station of this network segment, assumed the duties of the Central station, to the restored station;
on the side of the Central station in the time frames of the segments of the lower level secrete intervals for posting graphics mesh network;
on the side of the subscriber station of any of the network segments of the lower level accept packages of service information for the entire interval of the transmission of service information and stores the addresses of all stations, which packets are to be sent to Fort is investing in the station list of the participants of the mesh network;
on the side of the subscriber station of any of the network segments of the lower level listening interval for the transaction graph mesh network, accept packages graphics mesh network and send these packets to the stations from the station list of the participants of the mesh network;
in the case of a large activity of subscribers of a network segment of the lower level, on the side of the Central station of the network segment of the lower level in the interval of service information transfer failure to request discovery channel subscriber stations; on the side of the subscriber stations, rejected the discovery channel, produced scan backup frequency bands and the receiving frame is a beacon from any of the subscriber stations within range; then carry out a temporary registration of the subscriber station with a request to open a channel to the subscriber station that sent the frame-lighthouse; in case of successful registration and opening of the channel to transmit data packets and close the channel; on failure registration subscriber stations repeat the procedure of open request channel in the Central station of the network segment of the lower level and scan the backup frequency bands.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for combining at least two two-level networks in the territory, in the absence of range and cannot register in the Central with whom Anzhi segment of the upper level of the other network, subscriber stations neighboring segments that are within range, register as subscriber stations in neighboring segments of the bottom level belonging to different network segments of the upper level, and carry out the wiring of the graph through these subscriber stations through a network gateways between two two-level networks.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when transmitting messages using signal-to-code designs with orthogonal code multiplexing (OCDM).

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in case of impossibility of access to the global network via wired lines, the network segments of the upper level is used for posting graphics wireless communication line mostly on LTE technology.