Method for calibration and beam formation in radio communication system. RU patent 2492573.

FIELD: radio engineering, communication.

SUBSTANCE: radio communication method includes periodic calibration in each calibration interval to obtain a Node B calibration vector, wherein periodic calibration involves selecting a group of user equipment UE for calibration, and groups of UE are selected based on channel quality indicators (CQI) received from said UE; and forming a beam pattern for at least one UE in each calibration interval and applying said calibration vector, obtained for said calibration interval in which periodic calibration involves, in each calibration interval, calculation of at least one initial calibration vector for each UE in the selected group, and calculation of a Node B calibration vector based on the initial calibration vectors for all UE in the selected group.

EFFECT: high quality of radio communication.

11 cl, 13 dwg

The technical field to which the invention relates

The present invention relates to communication and more specifically to methods for signal transmission in networks of radio communication.

The level of technology

Radio communication systems are now widespread for the provision of a variety of communication services such as voice, video, packet data, messages, broadcast programs, etc. Such communication system can be multiple access systems, capable of supporting connections with several people by sharing the available system resources. Examples of such systems multiple access system are multiple access with code seal (CDMA)systems, multiple access time division multiplex (TDMA), multiple access system with frequency division multiplex (FDMA), multiple access system with an orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDMA) and FDMA system with single-carrier (SC-FDMA).

Network of radio communication can include multiple Nodes B (Node B), which may communicate to a certain number of units of user equipment (UE). Node B can communicate with the equipment UE through the descending line and the line of ascent. Descending line (or a straight line) is called the line of communication from Host B to the equipment UE, and the upward line (or return line) is called the line of communication from the equipment of the UE to host B. host B can use multiple antennas to transfer data to one or more antennas equipment UE. The data it is advisable to transfer thus, to achieve good performance.

The essence of the invention

Here describes how to calibrate and beamforming in the system of radio communication. According to one of the aspects of Node B can periodically perform the calibration in each interval with a group of units of equipment UE to obtain calibration vector for Host B. Node B can use this calibration vector to accommodate misalignment of the characteristics of transmitting and receiving tracts in Site B.

In one variation of the Node B can each calibration interval you select a group of units of equipment UE to perform the calibration, such as the units of equipment UE with good quality channel. Node B can send the selected units of equipment UE messages to enter calibration mode. Node B can accept the assessment of the characteristics of a downward channel from each of the selected units of equipment UE and may also take, at least, a probe reference signal, at least from one antenna equipment UE. Node B can also calculate the estimate of the characteristics of the ascending channel for each of the selected units of equipment UE-based probing reference signals received from the UE. Node B can calculate at least one initial calibration vector for each chosen equipment UE on the basis of estimates of up-and downstream channels UE. After that Node B can form the calibration vector for ourselves on the basis of initial calibration vectors for all selected units of equipment UE. Next Node B can apply this calibration vector until it is updated in the next calibration interval.

According to another aspect of the Node B can shape the direction diagram for equipment UE taking into account the unbalance of the gain antennas equipment UE. This unbalance gain can be caused by the difference in gain of receiving and/or transmitting circuits equipment UE. According to one of the scenarios Node B can determine matrix taking into account the unbalance of the gain due to the different systems strengthening automatic gain control (AGC) for the acquisition channels multiple antennas equipment UE. According to another scenario Node B can determine matrix taking into account the unbalance of the gains, a result of (i) the difference gain in power amplifiers (PA) for transmission paths multiple antennas equipment UE and/or (ii) the difference gain these multiple antennas.

In one variation of the Node B can take from the equipment of the UE, at least one relative gain. Each such relative coefficient is determined by the gain of the considered antenna and gain the reference antenna hardware UE. Each such gain may contain gain AGC system, gain power amplifier RA, antenna gain, etc. Node B can define a composite channel matrix based on the channel matrix for equipment UE and gain matrix prepared using at least one relative gain. In other variant of a Node B can take probing reference signals from multiple antennas equipment UE. Each sounding reference signal can be transmitted equipment UE from one of the antennas at the level of power, determined on the basis of a relative gain of the antenna. Node B can form a composite channel matrix on the basis of these probing reference signals. In both cases, the Node B can detect matrix based on the integral channel matrix, which can be calculated on the basis of the unbalance of the gain in the hardware of the UE. After that Node B can form a pattern for equipment UE using matrix.

Various aspects and features of the present invention is described in more detail below.

Brief description of drawings

Figure 1 represents a system of radio communications.

Figure 2 represents the transmitting and receiving tracts in Node B and equipment UE.

Figure 3 represents a Node B and a few units of the equipment UE for calibration.

Figure 4 presents the data reception from the calibration and without.

Figure 5 represents the equipment UE with gain between multiple antennas.

Figure 6 represents the process calibration Node B.

Figure 7 represents the process calibration the calibration interval.

Figure 8 represents a device calibration.

Figure 9 represents the process of formation of the directivity diagram in the Node B.

Figure 10 represents a device beamforming.

Figure 11 presents the process of receiving data with the generated pattern in the hardware of the UE.

Figure 12 represents a device for receiving data with the generated pattern.

Figure 13 is a block diagram of the Node B and equipment UE.

Detailed description of the invention

The methods described here can be used in different wireless systems, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA and other systems. The terms «system» and «network» are often used interchangeably. The system of CDMA can apply the technology of radio communication, such as universal, ground means of radio access (UTRA), cdma2000, etc. System UTRA include Wideband CDMA (W-CDMA) and other variants of CDMA. System cdma2000 covers standards is-2000, is-95 and is-856. System TDMA can also use wireless communication technology such as global system for mobile communications (GSM). System OFDMA can use wireless communication technology, for example Developed UTRA (E-UTRA), mobile and Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB)), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM®, etc. System UTRA and E-UTRA represent a part of the universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS). System 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a new, well-developed version of the UMTS system, using E-UTRA, which uses OFDMA in the descending line and SC-FDMA in the ascending line. System UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE and GSM are described in the documents issued by the entity, referred to as «the third generation partnership Project» (3GPP). System CDMA2000 and UMB is described in the documents issued by the entity, referred to as «the third generation partnership Project 2» (3GPP2). For clarity, some aspects of the proposed methods are described below in relation to LTE in the following description is widely used terminology LTE.

Figure 1 shows a system 100 radio, which can be LTE system. System 100 can include multiple Nodes B 110 and other network objects. Node B can be stationary station that supports the connection of the equipment UE, and can also be called a developed Node B (eNB), base station, access point, etc. Each Node B 110 provides communication to a specific geographic area. To increase the system capacity, the total area of service Node B can be divided into several (three) smaller zones. Each smaller zone can serve the engine to Node B. In the documents 3GPP term «cell» may refer to the lowest service area Node B and/or to the subsystem Node B, servicing this area.

Unit of equipment 120 UE can be dispersed in the system, and each unit of equipment UE can be stationary or mobile. Equipment UE can also be called a mobile station, terminal, terminal access, subscriber device station etc. Equipment UE can be the cell phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), and a radio station radio communication, hand-held device, a laptop computer, a wireless telephone, etc.

where s is the vector of character data,

v - vector for beamforming, and

x is the vector of output symbols.

vector v can also be called a vector beamforming, managing vector etc. This vector v can be calculated on the basis of vector h characteristics of the channel for the channel MISO from multiple transmit antennas Node B to one reception antenna equipment UE. In one of the options vector v can be calculated on the basis of the directional diagram using functions based on vector h channel characteristics for one column of the matrix characteristics of the channel. The formation of the directional diagram can provide more high signal-to-noise and interference (SINR), which in turn will allow to support higher data rates.

Principles of formation of the directivity diagram can also be used for transmission scheme multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) from multiple transmit antennas Node B to multiple receiving antennas equipment UE. Such formation of the directional diagram can transfer data at a few of their own modes of MIMO channel, formed by several transmitting antennas Node B and several reception antenna equipment UE. Matrix N MIMO channel can be reduced to a diagonal form by decomposition of the special values as follows:

where U is a unitary matrix left eigenvectors of H,

V - a unitary matrix of right eigenvectors of H, and

D is the diagonal matrix with the special values of H.

The formation of the directional diagram for MIMO gear, which can also be called the formation of the directional diagram with using native functions that can be represented as:

The system can support different reference signals for the descending and ascending lines to facilitate the formation of the directional diagram, and other functions. Reference signal is the signal generated on the basis of known data, and can be called a pilot signal, preamble, setup signal, sounding signal etc. The reference signal can be used in the receiver for different purposes, for example to assess the characteristics of the channel, coherent demodulation measurements channel quality, measuring the signal strength etc. Table 1 lists some of the supporting signals that can be transmitted in the descending line and in the ascending line, and provides a brief description of each of the reference signal. Reference signal the cell may also be called a common pilot signal, broadband pilot signal etc. Reference signal equipment UE is also known as the selected reference signal.

Reference signal

Description

Descending

Reference signal cell

The reference signal is passed to Node B and used equipment UE for evaluating the performance of the channel and measuring the quality of the channel.

Descending

Reference signal equipment UE

The reference signal is transmitted Node B for particular hardware UE and used for demodulation descending transmission from Host Century

Probing the reference signal

Reference signal is transmitted by the equipment of UE and used by Host B to assess the characteristics of the channel and measuring the quality of the channel.

Reference signal demodulation

Reference signal is transmitted by the equipment of UE and used by Host B for demodulation ascending transmission equipment UE.

The system can use the duplex mode timesharing (TDD). In option TDD descending and ascending lines share the same frequency spectrum or the channel so that transmission and descending and ascending lines pass in the same frequency spectrum. Characteristics of the channel descending lines can be correlated with characteristic channel ascending line. The principle of reciprocity could enable them to assess the characterization of the descending channel line on the basis of programs on the ascending line. These ascendant transfer may present with a reference signals or ascending control channels (which can be used as reference characters after demodulation). Ascending transfer can enable them to assess the characteristic spatial-selective channel through multiple antennae.

In duplex system TDD reciprocity channel can only take place on the radio channel, which can be called a physical channel signal propagation. There may be a marked difference between the characteristics or transfer functions of transmitting and receiving tracts in Node B and characteristics of transmitting and receiving tracts in the hardware of the UE. Effective/equivalent channel can be composed of transmitting and receiving tracts, as radio channel. Such an effective channel can not be mutual due to the difference in the characteristics of transmitting and receiving tracts Node B and equipment UE.

Figure 2 shows a block diagram of the transmitting and receiving tracts Node B 110 and equipment 120 UE, that resemble one of the Nodes B and one of the units of the equipment of the UE in figure 1. For downline in Node B, the output characters (marked with x D ) can be handled in the sending tract 210 and transmitted through an antenna 212 and forth over the air with characteristic h. In the hardware of the UE this topdown signal can be adopted antennas 252 and processed in the receiving channel 260 to obtain the received symbols, denoted by y (D ). Processing of the transmitting tract 210 may include digital-to-analog conversion, amplification, filtering, frequency up-conversion etc. Treatment in the receiving channel 260 may include a down-conversion frequency, amplification, filtering, analog-to-digital conversion, etc.

For an ascending line in the hardware of the UE weekend symbols (labeled x, U ) can be handled in the sending tract 270 and transmitted via the antenna 252 and forth over the air. In these ascending Node B signals can be received antennas 212 and processed in the receiving channel 220 to obtain adopted characters denoted by y (U ).

For the downward side of the received symbols in the instrument UE can be expressed:

where t - integrated coefficient the gain of the transmitting link 210 Node In,

where p - comprehensive gain transmitting channel 270 hardware UE,

p - comprehensive gain receiving section 220 of the Node, and

h U =ρ·h·p - effective channel for hardware UE to Node B.

As shown in equations (4) and (5), it can be assumed that the radio channel h is mutual in terms of descending and ascending lines. However, an effective channel can be relatively effective descending channel. It is desirable to know the characteristics of transmitting and receiving tracts and their impact on the degree of accuracy of the assumptions on reciprocity effective up-and downstream channels. Moreover, Node B and/or equipment UE can be equipped with antenna array, where each antenna can have its own transmitting/receiving tracts. Transmitting/receiving paths for the various antennas may have different characteristics, so that can be calibrated antenna array to account for the differences in characteristics.

In the General case, the calibration can see two kinds of disagreements occurring in antenna arrays:

- Mismatch due to the physical construction of the antenna system - these misalignments include the effects of the interconnection between the antennas, the influence of the antenna mast, the inaccuracy of the knowledge of the location of antennas, the mismatch of the amplitudes and phases due to the influence of the antenna cable and etc. and

- Mismatch caused by the elements of equipment transmit/receive paths for each antenna - these misalignments include analog filters, unbalance phase (I) and quadrature (Q), and phase errors and gain low noise amplifiers (LNAs (LNA)) and/or power amplifiers (PA) in transmission paths, various nonlinear effects, etc.

Calibration can be done so that the characteristic canal in one line can be estimated by measuring the reference signal transmitted in the other line. Calibration may also consider switching antennas ascending line, which can be used to achieve explode transmission in the ascending line, if the equipment UE has two antennas, two foster paths, but only one adoptive tract. Switching antennas in the ascending line can be used to implement explode when passing time switching (TSTD) or electoral explode upon surrender (STD). Ascending signals can be transmitted (i) alternately in two antenna mode TSTD or (ii) through a better antenna mode STD. Mode STD equipment UE can transmit sounding reference signal (SRS) sequentially through two antennas to Node B can select the best antenna. High frequency (RP), switch can support mode TSTD or STD by connecting the output amplifier RA only on one of two antennas in each moment.

The formation of the diagram of an orientation in the duplex mode timesharing (TDD) can be maintained in the following way. Unit of equipment UE, working in a mode of formation of the directivity diagram, can be configured to transfer probing reference signals in the ascending line. In symmetric scenarios with mutual descending and ascending lines Node B can calculate matrix for use during the formation of the directional diagram for each unit of equipment UE-based probing reference signals taken from this unit equipment UE. Thus, units of equipment UE not need to pass information to host B, which can help to avoid mistakes feedback. Node B can pass a reference signal equipment UE in descending order for each unit of equipment the UE. This Node B can reference signal equipment UE using the same matrix, which is used for data transfer and the transfer reference signal in each block resources used to deliver. Equipment UE can use this reference signal demodulation, so that it may not be necessary knowledge matrix used in the Site Century, It can afford to do without transmission indicator matrix (PMI) downstream equipment UE.

The procedure of calibration can be initiated by Node B and carried out with the participation of the group of units of equipment UE. The following description assumes that the transmitting and receiving tracts Node B stations and equipment UE have flat characteristics of the group of several consecutive carriers for each of the transmitting antenna, and the band coherence equal to the number of carriers that are assigned to each of the transmitting antenna for sensing. This allows you to get characteristics of the channel on the basis of the reference signal.

Figure 3 shows a block diagram Node B and N stations equipment UE-1 for calibration. Node B is M transceiver tracts with 310a on 310m for M antennas with 312 on 312m, respectively. In the General case, each unit of equipment UE can have one or more antennas. For calibration purposes each antenna unit equipment UE can be considered as a separate unit of equipment UE. Figure 3 each unit of equipment UE has transmitting and receiving tracts 360 for one antenna 352.

For each i antennas Node B can determine effective misalignment β i as follows:

where τ i - comprehensive gain transmitting channel for i antennas on Node B, and

prove comprehensive gain reception path for i antennas in Site B. unit of equipment UE j effective mismatch α j can be determined as follows:

where π i - comprehensive gain of the transmitting link unit of equipment UE j, and

σ i - comprehensive gain reception path for units of equipment UE j.

A downward channel from i antennas Node B to a unit of equipment UE j, you can indicate

. The upward channel from the unit of equipment UE j to i antenna Node B can be designated

. Due to reciprocity channel TDD,

for all values of i and j.

You can estimate the value of effective discordance with β 1 β M for M antennas Node B for the calibration of this Node B. the calibration equipment UE may be unnecessary. However, the unit equipment UE must correctly transmit probing reference signals for calibration and beamforming, as described below.

Characteristics of effective downward channel

i antennas Node B to a unit of equipment UE j can be expressed by:

Unit of equipment UE j can appreciate this characteristic effective bearish channel on the basis of the reference cell signal transmitted from each antenna Node B in the descending line.

Characteristics of effective upward channel

from unit of equipment UE j to i antenna Node B can be expressed by:

Equation (10) suggests property reciprocity radio channel, so

Calibration vector C j can be obtained for units of equipment UE j, as follows:

Node B can be calibrated to obtain a scaling factor, then the calibration vector

can be defined as follows:

As shown in equation (12), elements of gauge vector

not depend on the index j, even though they are derived from the measurement unit of equipment UE j. This means that the calibration vector used to Node B, shall not have regard to the mismatch in units of equipment UE. Node B can get N gauge vectors

for N units of equipment UE. This Node B can calculate the final calibration vector With as follows:

where f( ) may be a function of simple averaging N gauge vector function of adding N gauge vectors using the minimum mean-square error (MMSE) or some other ways. If the gain channel

too small, the calibration can be inaccurate due to increased noise. For the best summation N gauge vectors with different noise characteristics you can use a scheme calculation MMSE.

In one embodiment, a calibration can be performed as follows:

1. Node B decides to calibrate and selects N units of equipment UE with high values of the indicator of the quality of the channel (CQI), and a relatively small Doppler shift for calibration.

2. Node B transfers N units of equipment UE messages to enter calibration mode.

3. Each unit of equipment UE measures the reference signal the cell from each antenna Node B to estimate characteristics of effective downward channel for this dish. This unit equipment UE can choose the reference signal cell closest to the subsequent transfer of the probe to the reference signal this unit equipment UE given time signal processing in the hardware of the UE.

4. Each unit of equipment UE passes the assessment of the characteristics of an effective downward channel for each antenna Node B back to this Site using a sufficient number of bits (for example, a 6-bit quantization real/imaginary part), and also sends a sounding reference signal at the same time.

5. Node B probe measures the reference signal from each antenna equipment UE to estimate characteristics of effective upward channel for this dish UE and calculates the coefficient c ij calibration for each antenna Node B according to equation (10). Node B can also get the coefficient c ij using a valuation MMSE.

8. Node B is out of calibration mode after reaching a satisfactory result calibration.

Equipment UE can also calibrate to get the calibration vector itself. With this purpose the apparatus UE can perform a calibration with one Node B in different moments of time and/or with different Nodes B to improve the quality of the calibration of the vector.

Station (for example, Node B or equipment UE) can get the calibration vector by calibration and can apply the appropriate version of gauge vector at the transmitting side or at the receiving side. When using the calibration of the vector can be estimated characteristic canal in one line on the basis of the reference signal received in the other line. For example, Node B can estimate the characteristic of the bearish channel on the basis of the probe to the reference signal received from the equipment of the UE in the ascending line. After that Node B can realize the formation of the directional diagram on the basis of of the vector(s), calculated on the basis of the assessment of the characteristics of a descending channel. Application of gauge vector should make it easier to evaluate the characteristics of the channel and is not expected to have adverse impacts on the characteristics of the data.

Figure 4 presents data transmission using beamforming and receive data using calibration and without. For simplicity, figure 4 assumes that the transmitter (for example, Node B or equipment UE) has mismatch between transmitting and receiving channels and identical/without calibration.

In the top half of figure 4 depicts the receiver (for example, the UE or Node B) without calibration. Characters of data from the transmitter using matrix V beamforming and transmit via MIMO channel matrix N. The received symbols in the receiver can be expressed:

where s is the vector of characters of data sent through the transmitter,

y is the vector of accepted characters in the receiver, and

n - vector of noise.

The receiver can perform MIMO detection with the use of the matrix W spatial filter as follows:

- vector detected characters, representing an estimate of s.

Matrix W spatial filtering can be measured using MMSE as follows:

where Y=E[nn H ] covariance matrix of noise on the receiver,

E[] denotes expectations, and

“H” denotes the conjugate transpose.

In the bottom half of figure 4 shows a receiver with calibration. The received symbols in the receiver may have the form shown in equation (14). The receiver can perform detection MIMO using matrix W c spatial filter as follows:

where C calibration matrix in the receiver and

- evaluation of the s. Calibration matrix C is a diagonal matrix, and the diagonal elements of the matrix C can be equal elements of gauge vector receiver.

Matrix W c spatial filtering can be obtained using the algorithm of the MMSE as follows:

As shown by equation (17) and (18)obtained using an algorithm MMSE matrix W c spatial filtering attempts to decompose a complex channel H c =CH, having the covariance matrix of colored noise=CΨC H . If your receiver used MMSE detector, detected characters from the receiver to the calibration of equal characters from the receiver without calibration.

Phase receiving antennas do not affect the characteristics of the transmission, use formation pattern. But in the formation of the directional diagram, you should consider the relative power transmission variety of antennas equipment UE, as well as or gain imbalance in foster paths units of this equipment UE.

Figure 5 shows a block diagram of the 110 UE with K antennas with 552a on 552k, where K may be any number greater than 1. With these K antennas with 552a on 552k connected K receive paths with 560a on 560k, respectively, and K transmission paths with 570a to 570k, respectively.

Equipment UE can perform automatic gain control (AGC) in each receiving channel 560 and can adjust the gain in each receiving channel so that the variance of noise in all K receiving tracts were approximately equal. Equipment UE can with the application of the AGC gain coefficients of amplification g 1 g K for K receive paths with 560a on 560k, respectively. These factors AGC gain may differ for different antennas and may change periodically. Equipment UE may be able to accurately measure the gain AGC system for each antenna on the basis of the measurement results to the power level of the received signal at the antenna.

In one design equipment UE can define relative receiver gain for each antenna k as follows:

where r k - a relative gain antenna k in the hardware of the UE.

In one variant equipment UE can transfer data about the relative odds gain admission to host B, which may take account of these relative coefficients when forming a pattern. For example, Node B can detect composite channel matrix H D descending MIMO channel as follows:

where R is the diagonal matrix with the diagonal which are K relative coefficients of amplification r 1 to r K receiver. Node B can perform the decomposition of the special values for the composite channel matrix H D descending MIMO channel (instead of the matrix H downward MIMO channel) to obtain matrix V.

In other variant of equipment UE can apply appropriate amplification coefficients in transmission paths when sending sounding reference signals to Node B can obtain an assessment of the composite channel matrix H D descending MIMO channel instead of the channel matrix H downward MIMO channel. Equipment UE can scale the gain of the transmitting link for each antenna k in accordance with the relative gain r k reception path for this dish. For example, if the relative gain of reception path for this aerial is equal to 1.5, equipment UE can scale the gain of the transmitting link for this antenna with a ratio of 1.5.

As shown in figure 5, equipment UE may have gains with p 1 p K in power amplifiers (PA) for K transmission paths with 570a to 570k, respectively. Equipment UE may have known or gain imbalance in transmission paths and/or antennas. For example, one of transmission paths can have a smaller amplifier RA, other than the transmit path. In another example may be different gains two antennas, for example due to the different types of antennas. Equipment UE can determine the relative gain of the transmitting link for each antenna k as follows:

where a k - gain antenna k hardware UE,

p k - gain amplifier RA in the sending tract antenna k in the hardware of the UE, and

t k a relative gain of the transmitting link antenna k in the hardware of the UE.

This relative gain transmitting channel t k is usually equal to 1, although it can vary from 1 due to the presence of unbalance of the strengthening of the transmission paths and/or antennas equipment UE.

In one variation of the equipment UE can raise a known gain Node B, for example, in the phase of identifying opportunities. Node B can take into account the known or gain imbalance in equipment UE during calibration and beamforming. For example, Node B can get an estimate composite channel matrix H U rising MIMO channel on the basis of probing reference signals received from the equipment of the UE. This matrix H U can be expressed:

In other variant of equipment UE can apply the appropriate amplification coefficients in transmission paths when sending sounding reference signals to Node B could get an estimate of the channel matrix H MIMO channel instead of the composite channel matrix H U rising MIMO channel. Equipment UE can scale the gain of the transmitting link each antenna k by multiplying the inverse value of relative coefficient t k amplification of transmission for this dish. For example, if the relative gain transfer for this antenna is equal to 2.0, then the equipment UE can scale the gain of the transmitting channel with a coefficient of 0.5.

In the General case, the Node B and/or equipment UE can consider the difference in the coefficients of the AGC gain between different foster routes, the difference gain power amplifiers RA between different transmission routes and/or differences gain antennas between different antennas equipment UE. Transfer of probing reference signals at low power may reduce the quality of the assessment of the characteristics of the channel. In the case of small power amplifiers of Armenia may not be able to transmit at higher power requirements power losses. In such cases, the equipment UE can transmit Node B data about the relative coefficients of amplification of receiving and/or transmitting instead of considering these data in the hardware of the UE.

In one embodiment, the formation of the directional diagram can occur as follows.

1. Node B calibrates itself as often as necessary (for example, in each calibration interval of 1 hour or more), using the calibration procedure, described above, to obtain calibration vector for Host B.

2. For a given unit of equipment Node UE B weigh the gain of each antenna equipment UE by multiplying the relative gain t k transit for the antenna (if available) to account for the known unbalance of amplification equipment UE.

3. Equipment UE applies relative gains r k reception when sending sounding reference signals through its antenna as feedback during the formation of the directional diagram. Alternatively equipment UE can communicate data on the relative odds gain admission to host B, which can account for these relative coefficients.

4. Node B uses the calibration vector and possibly relative gains admission and/or transfer for the formation of a directivity diagram in the direction of the equipment UE.

vectors for beamforming may be valid until the next gain AGC in the hardware of the UE. Equipment UE can transmit information about gain in the receiving tracts of transmission paths and/or antennas of this instrument UE possible, together with indicators of the quality of the channel CQI when changes occur such unbalance.

Figure 6 shows a version of the process 600 calibration Node B. This Site may from time to time to calibrate each calibration interval to obtain calibration vector for this site (unit 612). Calibration interval can have any suitable time, e.g. 1 hour or more. Node In may form a pattern, at least for one unit of equipment UE in each calibration range and can apply calibration vector obtained for this calibration interval (unit 614).

Figure 7 shows a variant of the process of 700 to complete the calibration Node In each calibration interval. The process of 700 can be applied in a block 612 6. The node can select a group of units of equipment UE to perform the calibration, for example on the basis of indicators of the quality of the channel (CQI), taken from these units of equipment UE (block 712). The node can send messages equipment UE in the selected group to enter calibration mode (block 714). The node can accept the assessment of the characteristics of a downward channel from each unit of equipment UE (unit 716) and may also take, at least, a probe reference signal, at least from one antenna of this instrument UE (block 718). The node can calculate the estimate of the characteristics of the ascending channel for each unit of equipment UE on the basis of at least one sounding reference signal received from this unit equipment UE (block 720). The node can calculate at least one initial calibration vector for each unit of equipment UE-based estimates of up-and downstream channels for this unit equipment UE (block 722). The node can then calculate the calibration vector for himself on the basis of initial calibration vectors for all units of equipment UE in the selected group (block 724).

For each equipment UE assessment characteristics of the descending channel can contain at least one vector of a descending channel, at least for one antenna of this instrument UE. Evaluation of characteristics of the ascending channel can contain at least one vector of the ascending channel, at least for one antenna of this instrument UE. Each vector of the descending channel can contain several first coefficients of amplification (for example,

) for multiple antennas in the Node Century Each vector of the ascending channel can contain several second gain (for example,

) for multiple antennas in the Node Century

The initial calibration vector

can be calculated for each antenna equipment UE vector-based up-and downstream channels for this dish as follows. Multiple items (for example, c ij ) irregular calibration vector

for j antenna equipment UE can be defined on the basis of relations first few gains in the vector downward channel to several second gain coefficients in the vector of the ascending channel for j antenna equipment UE, for example as shown in equation (10). These few elements of irregular calibration vector can be scaled up through the first element for getting the initial calibration of the vector

for j antenna equipment UE, for example as shown in equation (12). Calibration vector for Node B can be calculated in function of the initial calibration vectors for all units of equipment UE in the selected group. This may be a function of averaging function MMSE etc.

On Fig.8 shows the structure of the device 800 to complete the calibration. The device contains 800 module 812 for periodic calibration to each calibration interval to obtain calibration vector for Node B and module 814 for beamforming, at least for one unit of equipment UE in each calibration interval and application of calibration the vector obtained in the calibration interval.

Figure 9 presents the structure of the process 900 beamforming Node AV Node B can determine matrix taking into account the unbalance of the gains for multiple antennas equipment UE (block 912). After that Node B can form a pattern for this instrument UE using matrix (block 914).

According to one of the scenarios Node B can determine matrix taking into account the unbalance of the gain due to the difference of the coefficients of the AGC gain for several receiving tracts of multiple antennas equipment UE. In the General case the coefficients of the AGC gain can include any adjustable amplification coefficients in the receiving channel. In one variant Node B can receive at least one relative gain r k from the equipment of the UE, so each of these relative coefficients determined gain g k AGC for the corresponding antennas and gain g 1 AGC for the reference antenna of this instrument UE. Node B can define a composite channel matrix H D on the basis of the channel matrix H hardware UE and the matrix R gain, built using at least one relative gain. Then Node B can determine matrix based on the integral channel matrix. In other variant of a Node B can take probing reference signals from multiple antennas equipment UE. Each sounding reference signal can be transmitted equipment UE through one antenna at a power level, defined on the basis of the relative gain r k for this dish.

According to another scenario Node B can determine matrix taking into account the unbalance of the gain due to (i) differences gain in power amplifiers RA in several transmission channels of multiple antennas equipment UE and/or (ii) differences gain these multiple antennas. In the General case, the gain coefficient amplifier RA can include any adjustable gain of the transmitting tract. In one variation of the Node B can receive at least one relative gain t k from the equipment of the UE, so that each of these relative coefficients is determined by the gain of p k amplifier RA for the corresponding antennas and gain p 1 power amplifier RA for the reference antenna equipment UE. Then Node B can determine matrix on a basis specified, at least one relative gain. In other variant of a Node B can take probing reference signals from multiple antennas equipment UE. Each sounding reference signal can be transmitted equipment UE through one antenna at a power level, defined on the basis of the relative gain t k for this dish.

Figure 11 presents the diagram of the process 1100 for data reception equipment UE in accordance with the generated pattern. Equipment UE can determine unbalance gains for several of their antennas (block 1112). Then apparatus UE can transmit signals or information about gain between multiple antennas to host B (block 1114). After this equipment UE can receive the signals in accordance with the generated pattern from Node B, so that these signals are received on the basis matrix, calculated with respect to unbalance of the gains between multiple antennas equipment UE (block 1116).

According to one of the scenarios equipment UE can identify at least one relative gain r k for several of their antennas, so each of these relative coefficients is determined by the gain AGC for the corresponding antennas and gain AGC for the reference antenna of this instrument UE. According to another scenario equipment UE can identify at least one relative gain t k for several of their antennas, so each of these relative coefficients is determined by the gain of a power amplifier RA the corresponding antennas and gain amplifier RA for the reference antenna equipment UE. In both scenarios, in one of the variants of equipment UE can send at least one relative gain Node B. In other variant of equipment UE can transmit probing reference signals from several of their antennas, so that each sounding reference signal can be transferred to one antenna at a power level, defined on the basis of the relative gain of the antenna.

On fig.12 presents the structure of the device 1200 to receive data in accordance with the generated pattern. The device includes 1200 module 1212 to determine the unbalance of the gains between multiple antennas equipment UE, module 1214 for signal transmission or information about gain between multiple antennas to host B and module 1216 for receiving signals in accordance with the generated pattern from Node B, so that these signals are received on the basis matrix, calculated with respect to unbalance of the gains between several antennas equipment UE.

Modules on Fig.8, 10 and 12 may contain processors, electronic devices, elements of equipment, electronic components, logic, storage, etc., or any combination of these components and devices.

On fig.13 shows a block diagram of the structure of Node B 110 and equipment 120 UE, which may constitute one of the Nodes B and one of the instruments UE shown in figure 1. Node B 110 equipped with several (T) antennas with 1334 on 1334t. Equipment 120 UE equipped with one or several (R) antennas with 1352 on 1352r.

Node B 110 processor 1320 transfer can take data for one or more units of equipment UE from source 1312 data processing (for example, to encode and modulate) data for each unit of equipment UE based on one or more of modulation and coding for this instrument UE and generate symbols of data for all units of equipment UE. Processor 1320 transfer can also generate characters control the transmission of information/alarm. This processor 1320 transfer may generate further supporting characters for one or more reference signals, such as reference signals cells. Processor 1330 MIMO can perform data characters, control characters, and/or the supporting characters and can generate Tons of output streams of characters for T modulators (MOD) with 1332a on 1332t. Each modulator 1332 can process its output to a stream of characters (for example, for OFDM) to obtain the output stream samples. Each modulator 1332 may further condition (for example, convert to analog form, filter, amplify and convert up the frequency of its output stream samples and generate top-down signal. These T descending signals from modulators with 1332a on 1332t can be passed through to the antenna 1334a on 1334t, respectively.

Equipment 120 UE can evaluate the quality of the descending channel and generate quality indicator channel CQI and/or other information feedback. This information feedback, data from the source 1378 data and one or more reference signals (for example, sounding reference signals) can be processed (for example, coded and modelled) processor 1380 transmission, processor 1382 MIMO and further processed in the modulators with 1354a on 1354r for the generation of R ascending signals that can be transmitted through an antenna with 1352a on 1352r. Node B 110 these R ascending signals from the equipment of 120 UE can be taken antennas with 1334a on 1334t and processed with 1332a on 1332t. Channel processor 1344 can estimate the characteristic of the upward channel from hardware 120 UE to the Node B 110 and can transmit the assessment of the ascending channel detector 1336 MIMO. This detector 1336 MIMO can perform detection of MIMO-based assessment of the characteristics of the ascending channel and generate detected characters. Processor 1338 reception can handle detected characters, send the decoded data to the consumer 1339 data and send the decoded information feedback controller/processor 1340. This controller/processor 1340 can control data transmission equipment 120 UE on the basis of feedback information.

Controllers/processors 1340 and 1390 can manage the work of the Node B 110 and equipment 120 UE respectively. Controller/processor 1340 Node B 110 can perform or manage the implementation process according to 600 6, 700 process according Fig.7, process 900 according to figures 9 and/or other processes implementing the methods described here. Controller/processor 1390 hardware 120 UE can perform or manage the implementation process 1100 according to figure 11 and/or other processes implementing the methods described here. Storage devices 1342 and 1392 can store data and programs codes for Node B 110 and equipment UE respectively. Scheduler 1346 can choose station equipment 120 UE and/or other station UE to transfer data in descending and/or upward direction on the basis of feedback information received from the equipment UE. Scheduler 1346 can also allocate resources planned stations equipment UE.

Specialists in this field should understand that the information and signals can be represented using any of the diversity of the various technologies and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, characters and parcels, which may be mentioned within the entire the description above, can be presented voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or by any combination of these factors.

Specialists in this field should also recognize that a variety of illustrative logical blocks, modules, schemes and stages of the algorithms discussed in connection with the above description can be implemented in the form of electronic equipment, computer software or a combination of hardware and software. For clearer illustration of such interchangeability of equipment and software a wide range of illustrative components, blocks, modules, schemes and stages were discussed above in the General form in terms of their functionality. Will this functionality is implemented in either hardware or software, is application-specific and project constraints imposed on the entire system. Qualified developers can implement the functions described in different ways for each specific application, but such design decisions should not be interpreted as causing the deviation from the scope of the present invention.

Various illustrative logical blocks, modules and the schemes discussed here in connection with the present invention may be exercised or performed using a processor General-purpose digital signal processor (DSP), special purpose integrated circuit (ASIC), user-programmable gate matrix (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete valve or transistor logic, discrete components of the equipment or any combination thereof, calculated on the execution of the functions described here. General-purpose processor can be a microprocessor, but alternatives such a processor can be a normal CPU, controller, microcontroller or a state machine. The processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing devices such as the combination of the digital processor (DSP) and microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with the core of the digital processor (DSP) or any other such configuration.

Stages of the process or algorithm, described in connection with the present invention can be implemented directly in hardware, software module that runs on a processor, or as a combination of them. Software module can be placed in storage device with the random ( (RAM)), flash memory, ROM, PROM (EEPROM (EPROM)), electrically programmable PROM (EEPROM), registers, hard drive, floppy disks, CD-ROM or any other suitable storage device, known in the art. An example of such a recording medium is connected to the processor so that the processor can read data from and write information to the media. Processor and the recording media may be implemented in one ASIC). This ASIC may be in the terminal of the user. In the alternative to the processor and the recording media may be located in a discrete components in the terminal of the user.

In one or more examples of the features mentioned here can be implemented in hardware, in the form of the affected programs, in the form of built-in software, or a combination of hardware and software. In the variant of the affected programs these functions can be written to or transferred in the form of one or more statements or programs on machine-readable media. The machine-readable carrier includes the computer recording media and communication environment, including any environment that enables you to send a computer program from one place to another. As the recording media may be used by any available recording media, which can address and access the computer of General or special purpose. As an example, but not limited to, such a machine-readable carrier may contain RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or another optical drive, the drive on magnetic disks or other magnetic storage device, or any other media that can be used to transfer or save the desired application in the form of instructions or data structures, and which may apply and obtain access the computer of General or special purpose, or processor of General or special purpose. In addition, any connection may also be called a machine-readable carrier. For example, if the software is passed from the web site, server, or another remote source using coaxial cable, optical fiber cable, twisted pair cable, digital subscriber line (DSL) or wireless technologies, such as infrared radiation, radio waves or microwave radiation, then these coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted-pair cable, DSL or wireless a technology such as infrared radiation, radio or microwave radiation, included in the definition of media. Applicable here the concept of discs includes compact disks (CDS), CDs, optical discs, digital versatile discs (DVD), magnetic floppy disks and disks Blu-ray, and in English writing disks, usually reproduce data magnetically, a discs reproduce data optically with lasers. A combination of above-listed types of memory and recorded media should also be included in the concept of machine-readable media.

The preceding description of the invention is directed to any specialist in this field can implement or use the invention. Various modifications of the considered invention can be easily understandable and obvious specialist and General principles established here can be applied to other options, not departing from the spirit or the scope of the invention. Thus, the invention must not be limited examples discussed here and structures, but should fit the widest volume, agreed with the principles and new features, described here.

1. Way radio communications, containing: periodic calibration each calibration interval with the purpose of reception of gauge vector for the Node In, with periodic calibration contains a select group of subscriber instruments UE to perform the calibration, and groups of subscriber instruments UE chosen on the basis of indicators of the quality of the channel (CQI), taken from these instruments UE; and the formation of the directional diagram, at least for one user equipment (UE) in each calibration interval and application of the calibration of the vector obtained for this calibration interval, which is executed periodically calibration contains, in each calibration interval calculation, at least, initial calibration vector for each equipment UE in the selected group, and calculating the calibration of the vector for the Site on The basis of initial calibration vectors for all instruments UE in the selected group.

3. The method of claim 2, characterized in that the evaluation of the characteristics of a descending channel contains at least one vector of a descending channel, at least for one antenna equipment UE, the evaluation of the characteristics of the ascending channel contains at least one the vector of the ascending channel, at least for one antenna equipment UE, and the fact that the calculation of at least one primary calibration vector for equipment UE contains the computation of initial calibration vector for each antenna specified equipment UE-based vector the descending channel and the vector of the ascending channel for this dish.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein each vector of the descending channel contains the first few gains for multiple antennas in the Node, so that each vector of the ascending channel contains several second gains for multiple antennas in the Node, and the fact that the computation of initial calibration vector for each antenna equipment UE contains the definition of the several elements of irregular calibration vector-based relations, the first few coefficients of amplification to several the second coefficients of strengthening and scaling several elements of irregular calibration vector by multiplying the first element, with the aim of getting the initial calibration of the vector for the specified antenna equipment UE.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein calculating the calibration vector for the Node contains The calculation of gauge vector for the Site on The basis functions initial calibration vectors for all instruments UE in the selected group, so this may be a function of averaging or function minimum mean-square error (MMSE).

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the periodic calibration contains forth, for each of the calibration interval, transmission of messages instruments UE in the selected group to enter calibration mode.

7. Device for radio communication containing: at least one processor, preconfigured for periodic calibration to each calibration interval with the purpose of reception of gauge vector for the Node In, with periodic calibration contains a select group of subscriber instruments UE to perform the calibration, and groups of subscriber instruments UE chosen on the basis of indicators of the quality of the channel (CQI), taken from these instruments UE, and for beamforming, at least for one user equipment (UE) in each calibration interval and application of the calibration of the vector obtained for this calibration interval for each calibration interval specified, at least one processor is configured to calculate, at least, initial calibration vector for each equipment UE in the selected group, and to calculate the calibration of the vector for the Node In the on the basis of initial calibration vectors for all instruments UE in the selected group.

8. The device according to claim 7, wherein each equipment UE in the selected group is specified, at least one processor is configured to receive evaluating the performance of the downward channel from this equipment UE, receiving at least one sounding of the reference signal, at least from one antenna of this instrument UE, calculations evaluating the performance of the ascending channel for this instrument UE on the basis of at least one sounding reference signal received from this equipment UE, and calculations, at least, initial calibration vector for the specified equipment UE based on the assessment of the characteristics of a descending channel and evaluating the performance of the ascending channel.

9. Device for radio communication containing: tools for periodic execution calibration in each calibration interval with the purpose of reception of gauge vector for the Node In which the funds for periodic calibration provides tools for selecting a group of subscriber instruments UE to perform the calibration, the subscriber instruments UE choose to the basis of indicators of the quality of the channel (CQI), taken from these instruments UE; and means for beamforming, at least for one user equipment (UE) in each calibration interval and application of the calibration of the vector obtained for this calibration interval, which funds for periodic calibration contain in each calibration interval, the means to calculate, at least, initial calibration vector for each equipment UE in the selected group, and the means to calculate calibration vector for the Site on The basis of initial calibration vectors for all instruments UE in the selected group.

10. The device of claim 9, wherein the means to calculate, at least, initial calibration vector for each equipment UE provide for reception of evaluating the performance of the downward channel from this instrument UE funds for a reception, at least one of the probing signal, at least from one antenna of this instrument UE funds for the calculation of the assessment of the characteristics of the ascending channel for this instrument UE on the basis of at least one sounding reference signal received from this instrument UE, and tools for calculations, at least, initial calibration vector for the specified equipment UE based on the assessment of the characteristics of a descending channel and evaluating the performance of the ascending channel.

11. Machine-readable medium, containing: a program, under which at least one the computer periodically carries out calibration in each calibration interval with the purpose of reception of gauge vector for the Node In which the program under which at least one computer performs periodic calibration, contains a program group selection subscriber instruments UE to perform the calibration, the subscriber instruments UE chosen on the basis of indicators of the quality of the channel (CQI), taken from these instruments UE, executed periodically calibrate contains, in each calibration interval calculation, at least one home calibration vector for each equipment UE in the selected group, and calculating the calibration of the vector for the Site on The basis of initial calibration vectors for all instruments UE in the selected group; and a program under which at least one computer generates a chart orientation, at least for one user equipment (UE) in each calibration interval and applies the specified calibration vector obtained for the calibration interval.