Machine with retaining bearing with antifriction layer from liquid metal

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: machine has main housing (2), a turning element and at least one bearing device. The latter has a working bearing and retaining bearing (8) matching with the working bearing. Bearing (8) has race (9) of bearing of main housing (2) and race (10) of bearing of the turning element, which is located so that it can be turned relative to race (9) of the bearing of main housing (2). When the machine is in normal operating conditions, the turning element is installed durably in a non-contact manner with possibility of being turned relative to housing (2) above the working bearing so that race (10) relative to race (9) performs no turning movement. When the machine is in specific operating conditions, in which the turning element is not installed durably in a non-contact manner with possibility of being turned relative to housing (2) above the working bearing, the turning element brings race (10) into rotation relative to race (9) so that turning element (4) is installed above bearing (8) at least for a short period of time in a contact manner with possibility of being turned. Antifriction layer (11) made as liquid metal is located between race (9) and race (10).

EFFECT: providing especially long service life of a retaining bearing owing to making an antifriction layer from liquid metal, which reduces friction so that only inconsiderable heating of the retaining bearing occurs in specific operating conditions.

9 cl, 4 dwg

The present invention relates to a machine

- and the machine has a main body, a rotary element and at least one bearing device

and bearing device has an operating bearing and associated work bearing retaining bearing,

and holding the bearing has a bearing ring of the main body and the bearing ring of the rotary element located with the possibility of rotation relative to the bearing ring of the main body,

- in normal mode rotary machine element has long contactless manner with the possibility of rotation relative to the main body of the working bearing so that the bearing ring of the rotary element relative to the bearing ring of the main body does not perform a turning movement,

and in a special mode of the machine in which the rotary element is not installed in a non-contact manner can be rotated relative to the main body of the working bearing, the rotary element causes the rotation of the bearing ring of the rotary element relative to the bearing ring of the main body so that the rotary element is mounted on the retaining bearing at least intermittent contact with the image can be rotated.

Such a machine is particularly in the form of electrical machines - are well-known. Workers bearings may, for example, be performed as magnetic bearings.

In some applications, a rotating machine holding the bearings needed as the plane for the return working of the bearings. Holding the bearings must, on the one hand, to withstand the load impact (collision) in the fall of the rotary element in retaining bearing, and on the other hand, to guarantee a reliable run (inertia) of the rotary element. There must be a certain ratio of friction. Too high values of friction between the friction components quickly lead to strong heating in a very short time, which again is a consequence of the low life retaining bearing. Therefore, in most cases, impossible to stop without braking the rotary element in retaining the bearings. Instead, for reliable operation with contactless working bearings shall be provided with the braking device, which, under appropriate conditions, very quickly brake the rotary element.

For retaining bearings are known various forms of executions. For example, it is known execution retaining bearing as a rolling bearing. However, one of the bearing rings of the rolling bearing, usually the outer ring - related is about with bearing shield. The inner diameter of the inner ring of the bearing in this case is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the rotary element, because it is conducted through the inner ring. When failure of a work bearing the rotary element falls in the inner ring. After a very short time, the inner ring and the bearing housing rolling faster. The rotary element may move by inertia. However, retaining bearing, is designed as a rolling bearing, is not suitable for high weights of the rotary element. Therefore, at high scales used bearings that operate without lubrication. When the bearings running without lubrication on the inner ring of the bearing and/or the outer ring of bearing has one or more layers of bronze. However, layers bronze relatively quickly work well, so that only after a few processes running replacement of a retaining bearings.

The present invention consists in a machine of the above type particularly its holding bearings run so that the retaining bearings had a high service life. Especially occur when the freewheel rotary element heat of friction should to the extent possible, be prevented, or otherwise be harmless.

This problem is solved through the m machine with signs of paragraph 1 of the claims. Possible options for implementation are the subject of dependent claims 2-9.

Under paragraph (1) provides that the machine of the aforementioned type is performed in such a way that between the bearing ring of the main body and the bearing ring of the rotary element is made as a liquid metal anti-friction layer. Due to such execution may, on the one hand, significantly reduced the frictional resistance. On the other hand, provides good thermal connection of the bearing ring of the rotary element with the bearing ring of the main body, and Vice versa, so that the emerging all the same friction heat can be quickly dissipated.

As a rule, the bearing ring of the main body is designed as the outer ring of the bearing, and the bearing ring of the rotary element as the inner ring of the bearing. However, in some cases, may also reverse execution.

As a rule, the bearing ring of the main body relative to the main housing without the possibility of turning, the ring bearing rotary element in normal operation is at a distance from the rotary element. However, in some cases, on the contrary, the ring bearing rotary element can be positioned relative to the rotary element without the possibility of turning, and the bearing ring core the main body in a normal mode of operation may be at a distance from the main building.

In a preferred embodiment of the proposed invention placed between without turning the bearing ring (usually implemented as outer ring of the bearing main body) and the element for which the corresponding bearing ring placed without turning (as a rule, the main body), posted by a spring device, through which can campfireusa collision that occurs during the transition from normal operation mode to a special mode of operation. This collision caused when the normal execution of the fall of the rotary element in a ring bearing rotary element is made as an inner ring of the bearing.

Alternatively, or in addition to the presence of a spring mechanism, it is possible that located not without turning the ring bearing (usually a ring bearing rotary element is made as an inner bearing ring has an elastic intermediate layer, whereby campfires collision that occurs during the transition from normal operation mode to a special mode of operation.

The preferred way of holding the bearing has a slit seal through which the liquid metal can be maintained. Due to this relatively simple implementation is provided by the TOC is built for a long service life retaining bearing.

Usually by performing a friction layer in the form of liquid metal is greatly reduced friction, so that a special mode of operation occurs only minor heat-retaining bearing. In some cases, however, may be appropriate in the main body and/or the bearing ring of the main body and/or the rotary element and/or the ring bearing rotary element to place at least one block of metal melting at a low temperature. The block in this case is thermally connected with the liquid metal so that it melts in a special mode of operation.

Other advantages and features emerge from the following description of the exemplary embodiment in conjunction with the drawings, which represent the following:

figure 1 - schematic representation of the machine

figure 2 - schematic representation of the bearing device in the normal operation mode,

figure 3 - bearing device of figure 2 in a special mode and

figure 4 - retaining bearing.

Figure 1 shows the machine is designed as an electric machine. It contains the stator 1, which is placed in the main body 2 of the machine. In addition, it contains a rotor 3, which is a part of the rotary element 4 cars. The rotary element 4 has, in addition, the rotary shaft 5, which is bearing nicovich devices 6. Thus, according to figure 1, there are several bearing devices 6. Figure 1 shows two bearing devices 6. Bearing device 6, as a rule, are made equally. Although there are more than two bearing devices 6, it is not necessarily required.

The above-described execution of the machine as the electric machine is purely exemplary. Alternatively, the machine could be made, for example, as a compressor or as a transmission mechanism.

Hereinafter in connection with figure 2 and 3 is illustrated in more detail the structure of one of the bearing devices 6.

According to figure 2 and 3 shows a bearing device 6 has a work bearing 7 and retains the bearing 8. Holding the bearing 8 is associated here with a work bearing 7. Holding the bearing 8 has a ring 9 of the bearing main body and the ring 10 bearing of the rotary element. The ring 10 bearing rotary element is positioned relative to the ring 9 of the bearing main body can be rotated.

In normal mode the machine - see figure 2 - rotary element 4 (more precisely, the rotor shaft 5) is long-term in a non-contact manner can be rotated relative to the main body 2 of the working bearing 7. Therefore, the ring 10 bearing of the rotary element relative to the ring 9 bearing the main body does not perform any rotary movement. In a special mode of the machine - see figure 3 - turning element 4 (more precisely, the rotor shaft 5) is not installed in a non-contact manner can be rotated relative to the main body 2 of the working bearing 7. Instead, the rotary element 4 causes the rotation of the ring 10 bearing of the rotary element relative to the ring 9 of the bearing main body. For this purpose, including, requires appropriate coordination of friction values that occur on the contact surfaces of the rotary shaft 5 to the ring 10 bearing rotary element from the ring 10 bearing swivel element to the ring 9 of the bearing main body, etc. in This agreement is known in the art and, as such, does not belong to the essence of the proposed invention.

In the special operation mode of the rotary element 4 is installed with the possibility of turning over holding the bearing 8 of the contact. In some cases it may be possible that a special mode of operation can be maintained over a long period of time. As a rule, however, is sufficient if the special mode is available only for a short time. As a special regime, as a rule, only required if any work bearing 7 (for example, because of failure of the power supply of the electromagnets workers bearings 7) fails and/or the rotary element 4 can accelerate or Digue the Xia coasting to a stop.

Figure 2 and 3 shows a typical implementation of retention of the bearing 8. Normal execution ring 9 of the bearing main body is designed as the outer ring of the bearing. The ring 10 bearing swivel element thus made respectively as the inner ring of the bearing. In addition, normal execution retaining bearing 8 ring 9 of the bearing main body is placed without turning relative to the main body 2. The ring 10 bearing swivel element in this embodiment, in normal operation (see figure 2) is located at a distance from the rotary element 4 (or rotor shaft 5). In some cases, however, may be appropriate ring 9 of the bearing main body to perform as the inner ring of the bearing and, thus, accordingly, the ring 10 bearing swivel element to perform as the outer ring of the bearing. Alternative or additionally, in some cases it may be appropriate ring 10 bearing swivel element to position relative to the rotary element 4 without turning (in particular, mounted on a rotary shaft 5), so that the ring 9 of the bearing main body in a normal mode of operation is at a distance from the main body 2.

Figure 4 shows, on the basis of the above model run hold the living of the bearing 8, corresponding to the invention, the execution of retaining bearing 8. According to figure 4, between the ring 9 of the bearing main body and the ring 10 bearing swivel item posted by the friction layer 11. The friction layer 11 is made as a liquid metal, for example, under the trade name Galinstan, available from the company Geratherm Medical AG 98716 Geschenda (BRD). We are talking about a gallium-indium-zinc connection.

The above execution retaining bearing, that is, having performed as the liquid metal friction layer 11, may in many cases be sufficient to result in longer service life holds the bearing 8. Possible run-retaining bearing 8, which are described in more detail later with reference to figure 4, are preferred but not necessarily required.

According to figure 4, located between without turning the bearing ring (the ring 9 of the bearing main body, designed as the outer ring of the bearing) and the element for which the corresponding bearing ring placed without turning (here: the main body 2), posted by the spring device 12. The spring device 12 can be performed, for example, as an elastic layer. Alternatively, the spring device 12 may include, for example, a spring. By Oronogo device 12 may campfireusa collision, which occurs in the transition from normal operation mode to a special mode (in a typical case, when the fall of the rotary element 4 in the retaining bearing 8).

Alternatively, or in addition to the presence of the spring device 12 placed not without turning the bearing ring (usually the ring 10 bearing rotary element is made as an inner ring of the bearing may have an elastic intermediate layer 13. The elastic intermediate layer 13 may be performed, for example, as an elastomer. It serves the same function as the spring device 12.

According to figure 4, the retaining bearing 8 has, in addition, slit the seal 14. Through the gap seal 14 of the liquid metal 11 is held, so that nothing may protrude from the intermediate space between the ring 9 of the bearing main body and the ring 10 bearing of the rotary element. The structure and mode of action of the gap seal 14 well-known experts so that a more detailed description here is not necessary.

On the basis of availability is made as a liquid metal friction layer 11 of the friction force is markedly reduced. Therefore, there is generally no danger of overheating retaining bearing 8 in a special mode of operation. However, in some cases it may be expedient, according to figure 4, to provide one or Bo is its block 15 made of metal, melting at a low temperature, and the block 15 or blocks 15 and thus be associated with liquid metal 11, block 15 in a special mode melts or blocks 15 in a special mode melt. Such metals are known and, as such, are not subject of the present invention.

The location of the block 15 or blocks 15 may be carried out according to needs. In particular, possible location in the main casing 2, the ring 9 of the bearing main body, the rotary element 4 (or the rotary shaft 5 and the ring 10 bearing of the rotary element. Also various combinations specified.

The proposed invention has many advantages. In particular, due to the use made of the liquid metal friction layer 11, is created free from wear, reliable and convenient for maintenance retains the bearing 8, which is suitable for almost all classes of weights of the rotary element 4. Due to the use of a spring device 12 and/or elastic intermediate layer 13 can be avoided shock in the transition from normal operation mode to a special mode allowing the load retaining bearing 8 is even more reduced. Due to the extremely low friction values even when working with high speeds and high weights of the rotary element 4 hardly occurs the heat of friction. The term Slu who would be holding the bearing 8 is increased significantly.

The above description serves only explanation of the proposed invention. The scope of protection of the proposed invention should be determined solely by the applied claims.

1. Machine, and the machine has a main body (2), the rotary element (4) and at least one bearing device (6)and the bearing device (6) has a work bearing (7) and associated work bearing (7) holding the bearing (8), and retaining the bearing (8) has a ring (9) of the bearing main body and the ring (10) of the bearing of the rotary element located can be rotated relative to the ring (9) of the bearing main body, and in normal mode rotary machine element (4) has a long-term contactless manner with the possibility of rotation relative to the main body (2) of the working bearing (7), and in a special mode of the machine in which the rotary element (4) is not installed in a non-contact manner can be rotated relative to the main body (2) of the working bearing (7), the rotary element (4) causes the rotation of the ring (10) of the bearing of the rotary element relative to the ring (9) of the bearing main body, so that the rotary element (4) is installed on the retaining bearing (8) at least briefly contactnum the image can be rotated, characterized in that between the ring (9) of the bearing main body and the ring (10) of the bearing of the rotary element is made as a liquid metal anti-friction layer (11).

2. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the ring (9) of the bearing main body is made as an outer bearing ring, and the ring (10) of the bearing of the rotary element as the inner ring of the bearing.

3. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the ring (9) of the bearing main body is made as an inner bearing ring, and the ring (10) of the bearing of the rotary element as the outer ring bearing

4. Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the ring (9) of the bearing main body relative to the main body (2) is placed without turning, and the ring (10) of the bearing of the rotary element in normal operation is at a distance from the rotary element (4).

5. Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the ring (10) of the bearing of the rotary element is positioned relative to the rotary element (4) without turning, and ring (9) of the bearing main body in a normal mode of operation is at a distance from the main body (2).

6. Machine according to claim 4, characterized in that between posted without turning ring (9) of the bearing element (2)relative to kotorogodostoevskiy ring (9) of the bearing placed without turning, posted by a spring device (12)through which may campfireusa collision that occurs during the transition from normal operation mode to a special mode of operation.

7. Machine according to claim 4, characterized in that located not without turning the ring (10) of the bearing has an elastic intermediate layer (13), through which campfires collision that occurs during the transition from normal operation mode to a special mode of operation.

8. Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the retaining bearing (8) has a slit seal (14), through which the liquid metal (11) can be maintained.

9. Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the main body (2), and/or ring (9) of the bearing main body, and/or the rotary element (4) and/or ring (10) of the bearing of the rotary element is placed at least one unit (15) of the metal, melting at a low temperature, and that the unit (15) is thermally connected with liquid metal (11) in such a way that it melts in a special mode of operation.