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Force-measuring sensor

Force-measuring sensor
IPC classes for russian patent Force-measuring sensor (RU 2475715):
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Dynamometer is made in a single block and has rod (1) connected with loading device, e.g., hydraulic cylinder. The rod transmits the load from the hydraulic cylinder to ring flexible member (3) and, then, through pillars (4) to bearing ring (5). The surface of the flexible member is provided with strain gauges (6).
Pressure indicator Pressure indicator / 2247955
Housing (1) of the pressure indicator receives bellows (2) connected to core (6) provided with bushing (7) having solenoid (8) which forms inductive converter (9) with core (6). Housing (1) is provided with time relay (15) made of air vessel (16), sensitive member (18) with inductive pickup (19) made of winding (11) and additional core (20) spring-loaded by spring (26), adjustable throttle (22), and stop (25). Before operation, bellows (2) and object (4) are pressurized. In so doing, bellows (2) with bushing (7) moves upward and additional core (20) of pickup (19) enters winding (11), thus signaling of attainment of working pressure. Ring air chamber (13) is then pressurized. In so doing, solenoid (9) is secured to winding (11) interconnected through spacer (10). Relay (15) is pressurized simultaneously. When pressure in bellows (2) drops, core (6) begins to move, thus, generating a signal.

FIELD: measurement equipment.

SUBSTANCE: force-measuring sensor includes a force-measuring washer with one flat surface and another spherical concave surface and a face-mounted washer with one mating spherical convex surface and another flat surface. Winding of a measuring resistance strain gauge is rigidly fixed on external cylindrical surface of force-measuring washer by means of an adhesive joint. Force-measuring sensor is located on the attached part on the threaded bar and pressed to the attached part by means of a nut.

EFFECT: increasing the operating time of the device; improving measurement accuracy of threaded joint force; simplifying the design.

2 cl, 6 dwg

 

The present invention relates to measuring technique and can be used for the continuous measurement of efforts in various threaded connections of building elements and structures. Can be applied in power plants (HPP, TPP, NPP and other), which is the industrial hazardous objects and important strategic significance.

The famous "force Sensor strain" on the patent for utility model RU 78311 from 20.11.2008,, IPC G01L 1/22 - [1], containing made in one piece in the form of a body of rotation of the annular supporting element is located inside crowdedi cylindrical element and connecting the elastic element in the form of an annular membrane on the inner surface of which is pasted four strain gauge connected in an electrical bridge with current and measuring the conclusions in the cavity of the support element is located adjacent to the strain gages double-sided printed circuit in the form of made of insulating material the annular plate, the inner surface of which is deposited a conductive strip in the form of a split ring with a gap between its ends and electrically connected with her pad, diametrically located relative to the specified gap; and on the external surface of the specified annular plate nonestuarine conductive strip in the form of a split ring equal to her on the width of four arcuate conductive strips located on their ends of the pads, to which are connected the terminals of the strain gages.

A disadvantage of the known analogue of [1] is that there is no compensation measurements uneven distribution of mechanical stresses (strains), and the design allows for uneven loading on-location of strain gages, which will lead to large measurement errors.

Known to control the tightness of the threaded connection by measuring the radial deformation of the element, for example a nut, when tightened (tightening) on "the Way to control the tightness of the threaded connection, patent RU 2410655 on 27.01.2011,, IPC G01L 1/00 - [2], according to which the threaded connection is subjected to test, why fix bolt, then load the bolt axial force and fix the value of the controlled parameter corresponding to the torque at loading bolt full workload. Tightening threaded connections when assembling products perform to achieve this value of the controlled parameter. Control the tightness of the test carried out by the radial deformation of the nut random samples from the party of threaded connections, which is fixed with the help of the sensor radial deformation. The subsequent tightening of threaded connections of this party when assembling products perform to achieve the radial deformation of the nut size, equal led the ine, obtained from testing a sample of the samples after the complete loading of the bolt corresponding to the specified voltage tightening. As a device for axial loading and measuring device for registering axial loading using tensile testing machine. The sensor measuring the radial deformation is established in the test samples, and the Assembly of threaded connections in the immediate vicinity of the reference end face of the nut.

A disadvantage of the known analogue of [2] is that control not every product, but only random samples from the party of threaded connections and conduct tests in laboratory conditions that are very different environments. It does not carry out constant control of each threaded connection, from which strongly depends on the probability of emergencies in the building elements and structures, which is the industrial hazardous objects and important strategic significance.

Known Gauge radial deformation" on the patent for utility model RU 90893 from 20.01.2010,, IPC G01B 7/16 - [3], which contains an elastic ring bearing for the measured product, fixed on the inner surface of the elastic ring, adjusting screw for attaching the sensor to the measured product and the zero of the measuring system, the wire strain gauge (DMS who, affixed opposite each other on the inner and outer surfaces of the elastic ring elastic ring is made with a variable cross-section, with support for the measured product and the adjusting screw are located opposite each other at the point of maximum cross-section of the elastic ring, and the strain gages glued on the surface in places with the lowest cross-section of the elastic ring. When this elastic ring can be made by casting, and the sensor can include two pairs of strain gages installed on the elastic ring opposite each other in places of least cross-section, and a support for the measured product may be in the form of a triangular prism.

A disadvantage of the known analogue of [3] is that the design of the sensor complex, requires special care when tightening threaded connections, as well as additional protection when using it. When the constant monitoring of the tightness of the threaded connection does not account for the uneven loading of the detail and practical application of analogue [3] difficult to implement. In addition, the mounting of the strain gages on the elastic ring may basically only using adhesive bonding, which at constant efforts on threaded connections to relax, that is to flow, and, therefore, distort the value of the measured force.

Known STATE is 1343 8-68* spherical Washers for tool accessories" page 3 (Appendix 1) - [4], which for the alignment and uniform transmission of force on the bolt head (or nut studs) and the exclusion of his (her) bending use spherical or conical washer with washer (or patch) washers. When this spherical (conical) washers when attaching to them the effort also uniformly deformed, however, the use of such washers with their uniform deformation is not known for use in the measurement of the tightening torques of threaded connections and the constant monitoring of the efforts of this tightening.

It is known Device for measuring the tension force of the rope" on the patent for utility model RU 8517 from 16.11.1998,, IPC G21C 19/26, G21C 19/33 - [5], comprising a load, a strain of the cantilever sensor, through-holes of the body which has two rails supports equidistant from located between the Central support limiting the stroke of the clamping lock connected to the clamping bolts and nuts installed through the Belleville washers, with a strap that secures the building of the Central support and Central support has a smaller height than the support extrusions, and all support and backing emphasis profiled in diameter a rope. When tightening the nuts through the Belleville washers, normalizing the clamping of the rope, tightening screws pull the presser emphasis that prohibit rope by a certain amount, costall the expansion of the difference between the height of the supports. The deflection of the rope load one of the pillars with a force equal to the component of the tension force in the direction of the axis of support. This force is measured by a load cell.

However, the dish-shaped (spherical) washers in the analogue of [5] are used to align efforts with smooth regulation of testimony, a strain of the cantilever sensor and a peripheral, auxiliary functions.

The famous "Kit for the extraction of radioactive assemblies from the reactor for a utility model certificate EN 8517 from 16.11.1998,, IPC G21C 19/26, G21C 19/33 - [6], which includes a lifting mechanism with a variable geometry mechanism and a traveling carriage mounted on it by means of the flange of the balancing unit, which is equipped with a load plate attached to the flange, and load the washer is equipped with strain gauges, evenly spaced around the perimeter of the flange and forming two independent measuring bridge.

A disadvantage of the known analogue of [6] is that the design load washers used discrete distribution of strain gauges are used to compensate for uneven deformed state. There is no self-centering load washers for uniform loading. Many discretely distributed strain gauges in the load washer complicates the design, increases its hundred is a necessity and reliability. Adhesive bonding of strain gauges on the load the washer with persistent effort on threaded connections, and especially when exposed to high temperatures will recover, that will eventually lead to increased measurement errors.

The prototype of the proposed technical solution is the "Load device" in patent RU 2410655 on 27.01.2011,, IPC G01L 1/00 - [7], which is screwed on the threaded rod nut, located under the nut flat slip washer and underneath her flat load washer stainless steel with sensitive elements in the form of two resonators are surface acoustic wave. Load washer is located on the stop element of elastic material, located in the back of the washer with the collar and scalloped cutouts.

The main disadvantage of the prototype [7] is that the mounting of the sensing elements (in the form of two resonators are surface acoustic waves and small geometric dimensions) to the stainless steel may basically only using adhesive bonding or low-temperature solder that under constant load (effort) in the thread will be popular, that is to flow, and, therefore, distort the value of the effort. That is, over time, the measurement error efforts in rasinovo the connection will only increase. Also, when tightening the screw connection locking elastic material will rise along the outer cylindrical surface load washer and collar washer, washers for fixing nuts and cut off the wires from the two resonators are surface acoustic wave their antennae outside the threaded connection. This greatly reduces the reliability of the device as a whole. Elastic retaining material under load washer, in turn, will be damp, distort the measured value of effort in the threaded connection, and over time will age and change their properties.

Thus, the above drawbacks and prototype tasks:

- create a reliable load sensor with increased duration of operation;

- to minimize the relaxation properties of adhesive joints fastening the measurement of the strain gauge;

- achieve a uniform distribution of load conditions load element (load washers) by centering upon application of the axial load;

- increase the accuracy of the load measurement sensor while simplifying its design.

This task is achieved by the load sensor containing the load W is IBU installed sensing element and nakladnou washer, the interface load washer with nakladni washer is field sensitive element is made in the form of a coil of the strain gauge located and fixed to the outer cylindrical surface load washer. The inner diameter of the slip washers can be performed on 5-10% larger than the inner diameter load washer.

Solves the technical problem of the invention is:

- increase the duration (time) of the operation load of the sensor and increase its reliability by minimizing relaxation properties of adhesive joints mounting the strain gauge (measurement), which is a winding wound around and fixed (the same adhesive connection) on the outer cylindrical surface load washers;

- improving the accuracy of measuring the force of the screw connection by equalizing the level of loading (strain) load washers due to its centering on the spherical surface from the invoice washers;

a significant simplification of the design load sensor, as even loading load washer will do the minimum number (one measuring and one thermocompensation) resistance strain gages.

In addition, the Pat is the shaft sources known "Elastic element of the device for measuring the radial pressure" in patent RU 2293294 on 10/07/2007,, IPC G01L 1/22 - [8], containing a hollow body of revolution has a cylindrical shape whose inside diameter equal to the diameter of the cylinder with attached forming a body of revolution Windows and separated by ridges, attached to them by the strain gages, the Windows are made in the form of slits minimum width increasing quantity of separating their jumpers, and the slots are cut in the front part of the body of rotation, and jumpers are cantilever beams. The slits can be made in the front part of the body of rotation with variable cross-section, and jumpers are cantilever beams L-shaped.

In the analogue of [8] with radially distributed strain gages take efforts to construct plots of the radial pressure of the piston ring on the inner wall of the cylinder. But radial pressure (force) is not used to measure axial force load, as in the inventive device.

Known also: "torque Sensor" in patent application WO 2010108674 (A1) from 30.09.2009, IPC G01L 3/14 - [9], and the torque Sensor telemetry system" in patent EP 211375 8 (A2) from 04.11.2009,, IPC G01D 5/20; G01L 3/14 - [10], containing two flanges connected by an elastic element with a piece of strain gauges and readings from the strain gages peredautsa to an external reading device using Telem the electrical antenna, which is a winding wound around and fixed to the outer cylindrical surface of one of the flanges.

A disadvantage of the known analogues [9] and [10] is that they cannot be used to measure axial force load, and the coil is wound and fixed on the outer cylindrical surface of one of the flanges, is used as a telemetry antenna, and not to measure efforts in the threaded connection, as in the inventive device.

Figure 1 presents a section of the inventive load sensor. Figure 2 - location of the load sensor when measuring effort in the threaded connection. Figure 3 - photograph of load and slip washers (top view). Figure 4 - photograph of load and slip washers (side view). Figure 5 - photograph of load and slip washers located with a gap to each other. Figure 6 - photograph of the spherical surfaces of the load and slip washers.

Load sensor includes load washer 1 with one flat and the other spherical concave surface and slip the puck with 2 one response spherical convex and the other flat surface. The outer cylindrical surface 3 load washers 1 by means of adhesive bonding is attached rigidly to obmo the ka 4 measurement of the strain gauge. Load sensor (see figure 2) is located on the joined parts 5 on the threaded rod 6 (the stud or bolt) and pressed to connect parts 5 by means of a nut 7. Performing the surface of the coupling load washers 1 and invoice spherical washers 2 allows for the application of a torque to the threaded connection load washer 1 samiinireostuse and continuously work under conditions of uniformly deformed state. This allows not only to accurately take readings of the tightness of the threaded connection of the winding 4 measurement of the strain gauge, but also to ensure uniform transfer of force on the nut (or bolt head) and to prevent bending of the threaded rod 6, which further increases the reliability of threaded connections. Performance measurement, sensitive) of the strain gauge in the form of a coil 4 will significantly impede relaxation properties of adhesive joints and thereby increase the reliability of the load sensor and the duration of its operation. Mount thermocompensation of the strain gauge load on the washer 1 can be performed by known methods on any of the free surface and so on figure 1 and figure 2 are not shown. The readings from the strain gages load washers 1 can be accomplished in various known pic is the means. Implementation trait "internal diameter invoice washer more than 5-10% of the inner diameter load washer" is necessary to ensure that during strong bending of the surface of a connected part 5 relative to the threaded rod 6 connection load washers 1 and slip washer 2 has always been on the spherical surface, and was not "jam" the thin edge load washers 1 and chamfer terminal 6.

Working load sensor as follows. When tightening threaded connections, namely screwing on the threaded rod 6 nut 7, the latter presses through the invoice load washer 2 washer 1 to connect parts of 5. When the effect of the axial load load washer 1 and slip washer 2 semicentralised on a common spherical surface mates, so they are constantly in terms of the uniformly deformed state. Further application of force of the load will cause a uniform radial deformation load washers 1 and its outer diameter is increased, and, consequently, will deform (increase) external cylindrical surface 3 load washers 1. This will deform (stretch) winding 4 measurement (sensitive) of the strain gauge with which SN is less an indication of the efforts of the secondary external device. Thus, it is possible to control the process the correct tightening of the threaded connection and its future status. Conversely, when removing the load of a threaded connection (loosening the nut 7) winding 4 will be compressed, and the secondary device will give a signal, for example to the operator that an emergency situation.

Thus, implementation of the present invention will lead to the following technical results:

- increase the duration (time) of the operation load of the sensor and increase its reliability by minimizing relaxation properties of adhesive joints fastening the measurement of the strain gauge;

- improving the accuracy of measuring the force of the screw connection by increasing the alignment of loading (strain) load washers due to its loading and centering on the spherical surface from the invoice washers;

- uniform loading load washer will do the minimum number (one measuring and one thermocompensation) resistance strain gages, which will significantly simplify the measurement system, reduce its cost and improve its reliability.

Application of the proposed load sensor will reduce the probability of emergencies in building structures, which is the industrial hazardous objects and having the author of strategic importance due to the continuous measurement efforts in various threaded connections of building elements and structures, the condition of which largely depends on their reliability.

We believe that the proposed load sensor has all the criteria of the invention, since the combination of restrictive and distinctive features of the claims is new to the designs of load sensors, and therefore meets the criterion of "novelty."

The set of features in the claims of the proposed device is not known at this level of technology and does not follow the conventional rules for the development and design of load sensors, which proves the compliance with the criterion of "inventive step".

Development, design and implementation of the proposed load sensor not present any constructive technical and technological difficulties, whence it follows that the criterion of "industrial applicability".

LITERATURE

1. Certificate of utility model RU 78311 from 20.11.2008,, IPC G01L 1/22 - Gauge power strain".

2. Patent RU 2410655 on 27.01.2011,, IPC G01L 1/00. - "The way to control the tightness of the threaded connection.

3. Certificate of utility model RU 90893 from 20.01.2010,, IPC G01B 7/16 - Gauge radial deformation".

<> 4. GOST 13438-68* spherical Washers for tool accessories" page 3 (Appendix 1).

5. Certificate of utility model RU 8517 from 16.11.1998,, IPC G21C 19/26, G21C 19/33 Device for measuring the tension force of the rope".

6. Certificate of utility model RU 8517 from 16.11.1998,, IPC G21C 19/26, G21C 19/33 - "Kit for the extraction of radioactive assemblies from the reactor."

7. Patent RU 2410655 on 27.01.2011,, IPC G01L 1/00, "Load device" prototype.

8. Patent RU 2293294 on 10/07/2007,, IPC G01L 1/22 - "Elastic element of the device for measuring the radial pressure".

9. Application WO 2010108674 (A1) from 30.09.2009, IPC G01L 3/14 - "torque Sensor".

10. Patent EP 2113758 (A2) from 04.11.2009,, IPC G01D 5/20; G01L 3/14 - torque Sensor telemetry system.

Authors: M.V. Vedernikov, Silakov D.M., V.A. Kalinin, Uglova YU.N., Alisultanov A.T.

1. Load sensor-containing load washer installed sensing element and nakladnou washer, characterized in that the surface of the mating load washer with nakladni washer is field sensitive element is made in the form of a coil of the strain gauge located and fixed to the outer cylindrical surface load washer.

2. Load sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner diameter of the slip washer large is 5÷10% of the internal diameter load washer.

 

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