Method to break ice cover. RU patent 2471924.
 Method of breaking up sea ice and apparatus for realising said method / 2465399Method involves irradiation of sea ice with microwave energy which affects liquid contained in form of capsules inside the sea ice. Under the effect of this energy, the liquid instantly evaporates and as it expands, the vapour of the liquid breaks up ice crystals by its pressure. The method is realised by an apparatus having a power source, a mechanism for mounting the power source and sea ice. The power source is a microwave generator. The apparatus also includes a waveguide and a microwave radiator with a flange. The mechanism for mounting the microwave source is a sea vessel, rigidly fitted with a microwave generator, a waveguide with a flange and a corrugated part and a radiator with a flange which is mounted on a support arm on the bow of the sea vessel. The radiator is directed on the surface of the ice cover. |
 Composite steel-concrete slab with external sheet reinforcement, preferably for ice belt of marine stationary ice-resistance platform / 2464380Composite steel-concrete slab with external sheet reinforcement, preferably for an ice belt of a marine stationary ice-resistant platform contains concrete coated at two opposite sides by external steel sheets. External steel sheets are connected between each other by through transverse joints from sheet reinforcement. Some transverse links making not more than 80% are made of U-shaped reinforcement rods, joined to each other in pairs according to the type of loop joints. Ends of rods are fixed to external steel sheets. |
| Method of making channels in ice fields and ice breaking appliance to this end / 2457977 Invention relates to ice-breaker fleet. Proposed method comprises extending two bars with electrodes along ice breaker sides to be heated by electric current generated aboard the ice breaker, displacing ice breaker to distance equal to bar length, melting two cutouts in ice bulk by aforesaid electrodes, breaking ice loosened by said cutouts and repeating aforesaid cycle. Note here that plate-like sharpened-front electrodes penetrate into ice through part of its thickness. Cutters are fitted into cutouts made by electrodes made up of cutting head focused by nozzle through which hydroabrasive jet if forced by ship superhigh-pressure pump. Ice breaker add-on device comprises extending bars with electrodes and cutters. Extending bars are arranged on rotary device to displace in 0-90 degree-sector on every side of ice breaker. Cutters are made up of cutting head focused by nozzle. |
| Method to break ice cover / 2455189 Invention relates to breaking an ice cover with the help of an explosion. The method to break an ice cover is carried out by creating a gas cavity with high pressure under the lower ice edge. The cavity is created by firing at an ice cover from a weapon with the main hollow-charge shell with tandem arrangement of two composite hollow-charge shells capable of alternation ignition with a time interval. It is reasonable to install the weapon barrel at the angle providing for vertical fall of the shell on ice. |
 Ice cover destruction method / 2454503Method involves supply of gas-air mixture under lower surface of ice cover, and its explosion. At that, gas-air mixture is supplied to a groove made from lower surface of ice cover. Besides, a float with detonator with wireless control is installed in the above groove. |
 Method of driving ice away from mooring facilities / 2453656Proposed method comprises mounting pump on berth to created jet flows directed from mooring facilities toward harborage. For this, manifold with branch pipes whereto water is forced by pump is arranged on wharf below minimum navigation water level. Pump suction pipeline is downed into pit made on harborage bottom. Dredger with pressure pipeline connected with manifold may be used as aforesaid pump. |
 Method to weaken monolith of river ice cover and device for its realisation / 2452813Method consists in installation of modules in an ice cover by means of their placement prior to river freezing, with subsequent freezing-in of modules into ice as the river freezes. Besides, the module dome is installed above the water surface, and the lower end of the module is below the level of the expected ice cover. The module is filled with air via an air duct attached to a tight dome of a module, at the open mechanical valve, afterwards the valve is closed. At the same time, whenever a lane is produced under influence of climatic factors, by opening the mechanical valve, air is released from the module with filling of its cavity with water from lower layers. The method is realised by means of a module comprising a vessel installed on bottom supports with arrangement of its ends outside the borders of the ice monolith, and a tight dome. An air duct with a mechanical valve is connected to a dome. The module is arranged in the form of a nozzle with a downward expansion. |
 Method to destroy ice cover / 2452812Method includes installation of explosive charges under ice and their by-turn blasting with a time interval equal to the time of flexure-gravity wave travelling from an area of blasting of the previous charge to an area of blasting of the next charge. Explosive charges are installed above an ice cover and blasted simultaneously with blasting of charges installed under the ice cover. Prior to installation of explosive charges wind speed and direction, underwater currents and ice field drifts are measured, ice thickness is identified. Explosive charges are installed to generate a direction of impact wave propagation to opposite sides from an area of location of a marine facility of business operations. |
 Device to break ice during ice drifting / 2445421Device comprises a support site, supply gas lines, a spark gap contacting with a cable. On the support site there is a tubular rod fixed hingedly as connected to gas lines and equipped with a return mechanism, a hook of a position fixator and a spark gap fixed at the rod's end. The support site is equipped with a protective fairing, anchors and a grip of the position fixator made in the form of a rigid bracket and an elastic latch equipped with tension rope, fixed on the support site. At the same time the tubular rod is made in the form of a packet of pipes connected with supply gas lines via flexible nozzles, an air header and a flammable gas header, and at the outlet of the pipes packet the latter are equipped with check valves. The packet of pipes is made of pipes with identical diameter fixed with braces, at the same time three pipes are for flammable gas, and two - for air. The return mechanism is made in the form of two twist springs with hooks fixed on the brace and on the support site. The spark gap is made as an elastic steel ruler with connectors fixed in perforations of the latter having electrodes of the supply cable. |
 Method to eliminate ice clogging that closes river from one coast to opposite one and raising water level in river / 2440458Method includes filling an explosive substance under ice clogging on the river bottom in the specified area and simultaneous explosion of the entire explosive carried out at the specified level of water in front of the clogging and in the volume sufficient to develop disturbance that changes into an elastic wave in water that impacts the clogging and then puts the clogging first into oscillating motion and then into the motion along the river. At the start of the work a section of the coast is identified, which at least near the head part of the clogging has a coastal depth that is deeper than the coastal depth near the head part at the opposite coast. Filling of the explosive substance is carried out at the specified depth along the specified section of the coastal line of this identified section, afterwards the entire explosive substance is simultaneously exploded. Simultaneously with putting the clogging into oscillating motion, the head part of the clogging is exposed to firing practice with live shells. |
 Method for destruction of ice or soil cover / 2246693The method consists in placement of parachute systems with ammunition on the flight vehicle, their delivery to the preset point, release and blast of ammunition. Elongated flexible explosive charges with initiating devices with a preset delay time connected with one end to penetrators, and with the other end - to the parachutes, assembled in packing cases, are used as ammunition. After the release, the parachute systems turn the flexible explosive charges to the rectilinear position with the penetrators down, separate them from the parachute systems, and the initiating devices are systems, and the initiating devices are remotely cocked. |
 Method of breaking ice cover / 2249073Proposed method includes excitation of resonance flexural gravitational waves in ice and creation and change of aerodynamic lift force at frequency of resonance flexural gravitational waves. In the course of motion of ship, alternating aerodynamic lift force is created at frequency of resonance flexural gravitational waves by turning the horizontal plates to positive and negative angles of attack towards incoming flow of air. Plates are mounted on upper deck. Angles of attack are periodically changed at frequency of said waves. |
| Method of breaking ice cover / 2249074 Ice is broken when submarine ship has no way on by inclining her to maximum angle of list and imparting rotary motion relative to vertical axis coinciding with vertical main axis of inertia of ship and added mass of water formed during rotation of ship. |
| Method of breaking ice cover / 2249075 Proposed method is performed by means of hovercraft running at resonance speed. Ice cover is additionally acted on by radio radiation at frequency of 106 to 107 by means of generator which is mounted on extensible rod on board the ship. Temperature of ice is increased and its strength is decreased by operation of generator during performance of ice breaking work by resonance method. |
| Method of breaking ice cover / 2249076 Proposed method is performed with the aid of hovercraft running at resonance speed. Ice cover is additionally acted on by radio radiation at frequency of 109 to 1010 Hz by means of generator which is located on extensible rod on board the ship. Generator forms hydraulic impact under highest point of crest of flexural gravitational waves and amplitude of this wave is increased when hovercraft runs along edge of ice cover. |
 Method of braking ice cover / 2250178Proposed method is performed by means of submarine ship (2) running under ice (1) at resonance speed and exciting resonance flexural gravitational waves (3). After excitation of flexural gravitational waves (3) in ice (1), ship (2) is braked abruptly for forming hydraulic impact and at moment when first trough (7) of flexural gravitational wave (3) reaches midship section (8) of ship, as determined by means of shipboard echo sounder (9), ship makes fast dive forming rarefaction area (11) above upper portion of ship (2); horizontal component of speed is increased for retaining the resonance mode. |
 Ice jam breaker / 2250955Invention relates to ice breaking devices and it can be used for eliminating jam to prevent flooding at ice jams on rivers. Proposed ice jam breaker consists of tractor with bulldozer installed on telescopic rods in nose part of tractor. Lower edge of bulldozer is made to provide self-cutting of blade into ice under gravity at extension of rods or moving tractor forward, and self-release from ice when pulling rods back, moving tractor backwards or debacling of hummocked ice fields downstream. Telescopic rods are secured on tractor by means of ball joints, and on bulldozer, by means of cylindrical joints for setting them into motion in horizontal and vertical planes by means of hydraulic cylinders. Hermetically sealed container can be mounted on bulldozer to provide positive buoyancy of the latter. |
 Ice jam elimination method / 2250956Proposed method comes to breaking ice jam by vibration generated by wave generator of positive buoyancy inside which vibrator is installed. Wave generator is placed in ice jam close to its free edge. |
 Method for blasting and device for its realization / 2252393The invention concerns the method for blasting, according to which an elastic envelope is placed in a limited volume of space, filled with a combustible mixture of fuel gases and oxidant and blown up by a trinitrotoluene charge, in this case propane, butane, methane or a mixture of these fuel gases are used as fuel gas. |
 Ice jam liquidating device / 2255173Device comprises breaking anchor and rope. Breaking anchor has lower part to be opened in water after ice jam breaking. The lower part is connected to upper anchor part and provided with elastic sealed vessel with compressed gas cylinder arranged inside it. Sealed vessel with cylinder is connected to upper part of breaking anchor with rope and has negative floatability. Cylinder comprises valve to be opened in response to rope tightening. Upper end of breaking anchor is provided with limiting washer, which remains on ice surface after ice jam breaking with breaking anchor and providing anchor fixation inside ice jam. |
FIELD: construction.
SUBSTANCE: method consists in installation of an electric double-wire line in ice with subsequent force action at an ice cover. Parallel conductors are laid into ice at the distance of 2-3 cm into saw cuts or frozen by means of heating as current is sent. Parallel conductors end with shorting electrodes and are connected to a high-voltage capacitance accumulator. Force action is developed as a result of Lorentz force by mutual repulsion of conductors while passing high-energy pulses of electric current. Besides, a high-energy pulse causes sharp heating of conductors, which results in their explosive damage along the entire length.
EFFECT: breaking of an ice cover in a specified direction.
3 cl, 2 dwg
The invention relates to the field of hydraulic engineering and may be used for destruction of ice jams. Known mechanical [1-3, 6], explosive [6] and electrohydraulic [4, 5], the methods of destruction of the ice cover.
The disadvantages mechanical methods is the inability of the destruction of large ice thickness and deterioration of mechanical devices in the process of destruction of the ice. In difficult ice conditions, the failure of the working body to correct almost impossible.
The disadvantage of explosive elimination of congestion is their environmental harm caused by the need to use a powerful explosive substances. In addition, explosions in the ice fields do not provide the splitting of ice and form the hole, which requires the application of a large number of blasting charges.
Electro-hydraulic methods free from these shortcomings, however, have low efficiency and provide only the destruction of ice, which is unacceptable in the face of large ice jams.
The closest analogue adopted for the prototype, is the way of destruction of the ice cover, in which the destruction of ice occurs under the influence of shock waves arising in the sub-ice water in the heat of an electric arc between omitted under the ice electrodes [4]. The disadvantage of this method is that the impact is local and not use for the destruction of the jam all the energy electromagnetic pulses generated by the source.
The aim of the invention is increasing the scale of impacts on ice cover and increase the efficiency of the plant for the destruction of the ice cover.
This goal is achieved by the fact that in the way, taken as a prototype, pair conductors connected to the electrodes on the one hand and to a source of high-voltage pulses on the other, are laid in shallow cuts in ice in the immediate vicinity from each other.
Wires can also marginalise in ice to a depth by their heat by passing an electric current from a source. In this case there is no need to cuts of the ice.
With the passage of high-energy pulse of electric current specified conductors repel each other under the action of the Lorentz force, which is determined by the expression [7]
,where d is the distance between conductors; I 1 , I 2 - the current in the conductors; u, u 0 is the permeability of the medium and vacuum; l - the length of the wires.
In the result of mutual repulsion of conductors is destroyed (splitting) of ice along the wires.
Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of electrodynamic systems decay of the ice cover. It consists of a source of electricity (1), which can be stationary or mobile, capacitive drive (2), which is the source of high-energy pulses, conductors (3), laid in pairs on short distance in ice (4) and ending with a shorting electrode (5).
The operation principle of the device consists in the following. In the ice at a distance of 2-3 cm from each other are parallel cuts, which are the conductors of the direct and reverse current ended shorting electrodes and connected to a source of high-voltage pulses. Or conductors are laid on the surface of the ice and an electric current to heat them and providing marajuana in the ice.
When submitting a powerful high-voltage pulse from the memory (2) under the action of the Lorentz force conductors repel each other, destroying the surrounding ice throughout its length. In addition electrodynamic effects of high-energy pulse causes sudden heating of conductors, which leads to their explosive destruction on all length.
The combined effect provides the splitting of the ice cover in a given direction.
To increase the effectiveness of the method in the ice cover can be built a network of wires, which will ensure the destruction of ice in a large area (figure 2).
Sources of information
1. The device for destruction ice. IPC EV 15/02. Russian Federation, Pat. no 2113580, 20.05.1998.
2. The way the elimination of congestion. IPC EV 15/02. Russian Federation, Pat. no 2223365, 10.02.2004.
3. The device to prevent storealdactone. IPC EV 15/02. Russian Federation, Pat. no 2241094, 27.11.2004.
4. Method of destruction of the ice cover. MCI EV 15/02. Russian Federation, Pat. no 2231593, 27.06.2004.
5. The way of liquidation of an ice jam. IPC EV 15/02. Russian Federation, Pat. no 2338838, 20.11.2008.
6. Bogorodsky CENTURIES, Gavrilo VP, Nedoshivin O.A. Destruction of ice. Methods, technical means. - Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1983.
7. Koshkin N.I, Shirkevich MG Handbook of elementary physics. - M: Nauka, 1976.
1. Method of destruction of the ice cover, which consists in laying in ice electric two-wire line, followed by force impact on the ice cover, wherein the force created by the use of force Lorenz by mutual repulsion of conductors by passing high-energy pulses of electric current.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the transmission of high-current pulse is the explosive destruction of the conductors that provide additional force on the ice.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ice sheet is laid network of conductors to ensure the destruction of ice in a large area.