Powders. RU patent 2471711.
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Material for oxygen electrode of electrochemical devices / 2460178 Material for an oxygen electrode contains praseodymium and strontium oxide, copper and nickel oxide at the following ratios according to the following formula: Pr2-xSrxCu1-YNiYO4 where x=0.16; Y=0.9. |
 Active anode material for lithium batteries, having core and cladding, method of producing material and lithium battery containing said material / 2412506Anode material for lithium secondary batteries contains a core made from hydrocarbon-containing material and cladding formed on top of the core through dry coating the core part from carbon-based material with a lithium-titanium spinel type oxide. |
 Anode material for lithium electrolytic cell and method of preparing said material / 2397576Anode material based on a lithium-titanium spinel contains doping components - chromium and vanadium in equivalent amounts, having chemical formula Li4Ti5-2y(CryVy)O12-x, where x is stoichiometric deviation in the range 0.02<x<0.5, y is the stoichiometric coefficient in the range 0<y<0.1. The method of preparing the anode material involves preparation of a mixture of initial components which contain lithium and titanium and sources of doping chromium and vanadium through homogenisation and grinding, which is carried out until obtaining particles with size not greater than 0.5 mcm, and subsequent step by step thermal treatment with a prepared mixture in a controlled atmosphere of inert argon and reducing acetylene in the ratio of gases in the argon stream: acetylene between 999:1 and 750:250 respectively using the following procedure: at the first step the mixture of components is heated to temperature which is not above 350°C; at the second step heating is continued in the range 350-750°C at a rate of not more than 10°C/min, which enables solid-phase interaction of components; at the third step temperature is raised to 840-850°C and the obtained product is kept at this temperature for not less than 1 hour; at the fourth step temperature is lowered to 520-580°C at a rate of 5°C/min and the obtained anode material is kept at this temperature for not less than 2 hours; at the final step the ready anode material is blown with pure argon while cooling to 40-60°C and then packed. |
 Active electrode material with oxide layers on multielement base and method of production thereof / 2333574Invention concerns active electrode material containing layer of multicomponent oxide coating, method of production thereof and electrode containing the said electrode material. Also, invention concerns electrochemical device, preferentially lithium secondary battery, including the aforesaid electrode. According to invention, active electrode material contains (a) particles of lithium-containing compound oxide(s) providing lithium intercalation/deintercalation; and (b) layer of multicomponent oxide coating partially or completely produced on particle surfaces of lithium-containing compound oxide(s) and containing compound presented by the following formula, i.e. Al1-aPaXbO4-b where X is element-halogen, 0<a<1, and 0 <b<1. |
 Double-layer active electrode for electrochemical devices using solid electrolyte / 2322730Introduced in first layer of double-layer active electrode used for electrochemical devices filled with solid electrolyte incorporating mixture of powdered La1 - xSrxFe1 - yCOyO3 and doped with CeO2 is nanometric powder CuO and/or Cu2O; CeO2 doped with samarium or gadolinium, proportion of ingredients being as follows, mass percent: La1-xSrxFe0.8CO0.2O3 (x = 0.2-0.4), 69.5-36; Ce1 - xSmxO2 - δ (x - 0.1-0.2), 30-60; CuO and/or Cu2O, 0.5-4. Second layer is made of mixture of powdered La2-xSrxMnO3 (x = 0.2-0.4) and copper oxides (CuO and Cu2O) in amount of 9.7-99.5 and 0.5-3 mass percent, respectively. Nanometric powder of PrO2 - δ in amount of 5-10 mass percent is uniformly distributed in both electrode layers. |
 Lithium-ion battery characterized in improved storage properties at high temperature / 2307430Proposed battery has cathode incorporating cathodic dope to improve storage properties of battery at high temperature. Novelty is that used as cathodic dope for battery cathode is metal hydroxide whose specific surface area is large. Lithium-ion battery has cathode, anode, and nonaqueous electrolyte. |
 High electron conduction compound, electrochemical cell electrode incorporating this compound, method for electrode manufacture, and electrochemical cell / 2279148Proposed high electron conduction compound is characterized in that it relates to ABCO(x - δ) type with potassium-nickel fluorite structure; x + y = 4, δ and ξ are ranging between -0.7 and +0.7. A has at least one metal chosen from group of Na, K, Rb, Ca, Ba, La, Pr, Sr, Ce, Nb, Pb, Nd, Sm, and Cd; B has at least one metal chosen from same group; C has at least one metal chosen from group of Cu, Mg, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Nb, Mo, W, and Zr, and/or metal chosen from group of Pt, Ru, Ir, Rh, Pd, and Ni. A and B are not identical, A and C are other than Nb at a time. Hal has at least one atom of halogen chosen from group of F, Cl, Br, and I. Proposed electrochemical cell electrode, method for manufacturing such electrode, and electrochemical cell produced using such electrode are also described in invention specification. |
 Vanadium oxide bronze, method for preparation thereof, and use thereof as magnetic or electrode-active material / 2245846Invention provides novel compound, namely perovskite-type vanadium oxide bronze expressed by empirical formula Mo0.25Cu0.75VO3, where M represents mono-, bi-, and trivalent metal. Preparation of this compound comprises heat treatment of mixture of all initial components in stoichiometric proportions at 1000-1300оС and pressure 60-90 kbar. |
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Method of producing nanocrystalline powder and ceramic materials based on mixed oxides of rare-earth elements and subgroup ivb metals / 2467983 Invention relates to production of nanocrystalline powder of mixed oxides of rare-earth elements and subgroup IVB metals and can be used in producing neutron-absorbing and heat-insulating materials and solid electrolytes for high-temperature solid oxide fuel cells. The disclosed method involves preparation of a mixed hydroxide via coprecipitation of salts, filtering and washing the obtained precipitate, drying followed by calcination until a mixed oxide is obtained, grinding said oxide, pressing and annealing the obtained compact product. The step for calcining the mixed hydroxide is carried out in the temperature range of 800-1200°C, and the powder of mixed oxides is ground through mechanical activation in a planetary mill for 18-36 minutes. The rare-earth element used is dysprosium and the subgroup IVB metals are titanium, zirconium and hafnium. |
 Method of producing powdered oxygen-octahedral type phases / 2448928Invention relates to methods of producing powdered oxygen-octahedral type phases, in which sublattice B is a combination of octahedrons EO6 (E denotes cations of p- and d-elements), joined to each other by their vertices, and cations of sublattice A fill voids in sublattice B having different geometry (e.g., phases with a perovskite structure), and can be used in producing functional piezoelectric, dielectric and ferrimagnetic and composite materials, used in semiconductor, piezoelectric and radioelectronic equipment. The first step involves synthesis of initial nanoclusters which are polymer α-forms of hydroxides of p- and d-elements, which are deposited at temperatures lower than 280K from 0.1-0.3 M solutions of nitrate complexes of said elements at pH=8±0.5 using 5-10% ammonia solution. At the second step, ammonium nitrate buffer solution with saturated solutions of nitrates of different elements of formulae MeNO3, Me(NO3)2 and Me(NO3)3 is added to the nanoclusters. Synthesis of a phase of given composition is carried out at temperature lower than 280K and atmospheric pressure. Primary and secondary recrystallisation of the reaction products is carried out at temperature 600-700K. |
 Method of producing titanates of alkali-earth metals or lead / 2446105Invention can be used in chemical industry. The method of producing titanates of alkali-earth metals or lead, partially substituted with iron MTi1-xFexO3 (M=Sr, Ba, Pb; x=0-0.6), involves preparation of an initial mixture followed by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. The initial mixture is obtained via preliminary mixture for 30 minutes of a powdered peroxide of the corresponding alkali-earth metal or lead with powdered titanium (IV) oxide and iron (III) oxide in stoichiometric ratios. Titanium metal powder is added to the obtained mixture and then stirred for 30 minutes. Reaction of components in the obtained reaction mixture takes place in self-propagating high-temperature synthesis conditions, wherein components of the reaction mixture are taken in the following ratio (wt %): alkali-earth metal or lead peroxide 78.71-63.53; titanium (IV) oxide 18.42-1.30; iron (III) oxide 25.45-2.64; titanium metal 12.34-5.44. |
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Ferroelectric nanocomposite film material / 2436810 Material includes the substance having ferroelectric activity. Ferroelectric nanocomposite film material represents film of chemically stable material, which has cylindrical holes filled with the above substance. Holes have similar diameter and are uniformly distributed along the film surface with distribution density of 105 to 109 per cm2. |
 Ceramic ferroelectric composite material with low dielectric loss / 2422404Invention relates to the technology of producing ceramic ferroelectric composite materials and can be used in the electronics industry when producing a wide range of electric field-controlled elements and electronic devices. The disclosed ceramic ferroelectric composite material is obtained from a composition which contains BaTiO3 and SrTiO3, as well as an additional magnesium-containing mixture of magnesium orthotitanate Mg2TiO4 and magnesium oxide MgO, with the following ratio of components in wt %: BaTiO3 27.0-48.8, SrTiO3 25.0-39.5, magnesium-containing mixture Mg2TiO4 and MgO - the rest. Components of the magnesium-containing mixture are in the following ratio in wt %: Mg2TiO4 6.2-92.4, MgO - the rest. |
 Method of making articles from high-strength ceramics based on potassium titanate / 2415107Invention relates to the chemical industry, particularly to methods of making ceramic articles and can be used in production of high-strength ceramics used as structural, refractory, frictional or electrical insulation material. The method of making articles from high-strength ceramics based on potassium titanate involves preparation of a mixture of powdered non-fibre potassium titanate and titanium oxide, compression moulding articles from the obtained mixture and the burning. The powdered non-fibre potassium titanate contains titanium oxide and potassium oxide in molar ratio between 2.5:1 and 5.9:1. Pressing is carried out at pressure not less than 75 MPa and burning is carried out at temperature 900-1099°C. The article consists of potassium hexatitanate or mixture thereof with potassium tetratitanate. |
 Finely dispersed lead-zirconium titanates, zirconium titanate hydrates and zirconium titanates and production method thereof / 2415083Invention can be used in microelectronics industry. To obtain zirconium titanates, zirconium compounds react with titanium dioxide particles, having BET specific surface area greater than 200 m2/g. To obtain lead-zirconium titanates, lead and zirconium compounds react with titanium dioxide particles with BET specific surface area greater than 200 m2/g. Content of halides in the titanium dioxide particles used is less than 1000 parts per million in terms of TiO2. The lead-zirconium titanates are ground and then pressed to form green moulds or processed into a film, after which they are sintered to obtain microelectronic articles. |
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Segnetoceramic capacitor dielectric for manufacturing of ceramic capacitors of temperature stable group / 2413325 Capacitor dielectric contains barium titanate 95.18÷95.43%, niobium pentaoxide 1.03÷1.05%, cobalt oxide 0.24÷0.22%, manganese carbonate 0.04÷0.06%, glass frit 1.97÷2.03% and zinc orthosilicate 1.25÷1.50%. |
 Low-temperature glass-ceramic material / 2410358Low-temperature glass-ceramic material contains low-temperature crystallising glass and ceramics at the ratio of (1.2-1.0) and (0.8-1.0) accordingly. Low-temperature crystallising glass contains the following components, wt %: Al2O3 - 2.0-8.0; SiO2 - 17.0-7.0; B2O3 - 3.2-12.5; CaO - 22.0-11.0; MgO - 4.2-3.5; SrO-0.4-2.5; Cu2O - 0.4-1.5; ZrO - 1.8-0.5; ZnO - 9.0-3.5. |
 Fine-grained alkali-earth titanates and method of producing said titanates using titanium oxide particles / 2373154Method of producing alkali-earth titanates involves reacting compounds of alkali-earth metals with particles of titanium dioxide in a solid phase reaction at temperature below 700°C. The titanium dioxide particles have specific surface area (BET) of over 50 m2/g and contain less than 1.5 wt %, preferably less than 0.3 wt %, most preferably less than 0.08 wt % sulphate relative TiO2. Titanium dioxide particles used can contain less than 1000 particles per million of chloride and less than 1000 particles per million of carbon. The obtained alkali-earth titanate has specific surface area (BET) ranging from 5 to 100 m2/g, and does not contain hydroxyl groups, embedded into the crystal lattice. Specific surface area (BET) of an uncrushed sample of alkali-earth titanate after calcination ranges from 5 to 50, preferably from 15 to 40 m2/g. A powdered composition for producing alkali-earth titanate, microelectronic element and method of obtaining it are proposed. |
 Finely dispersed titanium dioxide-based composite and compositions containing finely dispersed titanium dioxide-based composite / 2464230Invention can be used in cosmetic industry when producing preparations which protect the skin from UV radiation. The finely dispersed titanium dioxide-based composite contains finely dispersed titanium dioxide particles which are combined with one or more polymers containing constituent monomers in form of carboxylic acid and/or a carboxylic acid derivative represented by the formula , where R is a C1-C15 alkenyl group, wherein hydrogen atoms can be substituted with a carboxyl group or a hydroxyl group; and X is a hydrogen atom or an alkali metal or a polyoxyethylene or polyoxypropylene group with 1-12 bonded moles. The average peak width of the maximum diffraction intensity assigned to titanium dioxide crystals is 2.0° or less in X-ray powder diffraction analysis. |
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Composition based on zirconium oxide, titanium oxide or mixed zirconium and titanium oxide, deposited on silicon oxide support, methods of producing said composition and use thereof as catalyst / 2448908 Invention can be used in inorganic chemistry. The catalytic composition contains at least one oxide on a support, which is based on zirconium oxide, titanium oxide or a mixed zirconium and titanium oxide, deposited on a silicon oxide-based support. After firing at 900°C for 4 hours, the oxide on the support has the form of particles deposited on a support and size of said particles is not greater than 5 nm if the oxide on the support is based on zirconium oxide, not greater than 10 nm if the oxide on the support is based on titanium oxide and not greater than 8 nm if the oxide on the support is based on a mixed zirconium and titanium oxide. After firing at 1000°C for 4 hours, particle size is not greater than 7 nm if the oxide on the support is based on zirconium oxide, not greater than 19 nm if the oxide on the support is based on titanium oxide and not greater than 10 nm if the oxide on the support is based on a mixed zirconium and titanium oxide. |
 Method of producing photocatalytic materials / 2447025Method of producing a solution of amorphous titanium peroxide involves mixing hydrogen peroxide and a mixture of amorphous titanium hydroxide to obtain a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and amorphous titanium hydroxide, and simultaneous heating and applying pressure higher than atmospheric pressure on the mixture of hydrogen peroxide and amorphous titanium hydroxide for a period of time sufficient to form a solution of amorphous titanium peroxide. In the second version of the method of producing a solution of amorphous titanium peroxide, a wetting agent is added during the mixing operation and the obtained mixture is processed while simultaneously heating and applying pressure for a period of time sufficient for formation of a solution of amorphous titanium peroxide. |
FIELD: chemistry.
SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in production of electrochemical devices such as batteries. Powder of titanium suboxides contains Ti4O7, Ti5O9 and Ti6O11. Ti4O7, Ti5O9 and Ti6O11 constitute in total more than 92 wt % of powder and Ti4O7 is present in amount higher than 30 wt % of entire powder mass. Powder of said composition is used for manufacturing electrodes and such moulded articles as tubes and plates.
EFFECT: invention makes it possible to reduce resistance of said articles and their weight, increase corrosion resistance.
15 cl, 5 tbl, 2 ex
The present invention relates to the powder used in the manufacture of the plates, tubes or other fittings for use in electrochemical devices, such as batteries.
It is known that the materials of suboxide (lower oxide) titanium can be used for moulding plates used in electrochemical devices, see, for example, US 4442917.
As should be clear, some members of the family of suboxides titanium (i.e. Ti O n 2n-1 ) are more conductive and more resistant to corrosion in acidic environments. Indeed, it was found that when the n values below 4 (i.e. with 1 < n = 3), there is a clear decrease in the conductivity and corrosion resistance. Therefore, it is clear that the quantity n is below 4 should be minimized in plates for electrochemical elements.
Although US 4.442.917 indicates that values n below 4 should be minimized, it is not mentioned ways in which this can be achieved, and not marked optimal distribution types of suboxides that would be observed to obtain powder, appropriate, inter alia, for the electrochemical devices.
The present invention is to offer powder material that is suitable for inclusion or for use as the main conductive component plates for electrochemical device, such as a battery, the item or similar.
In the first aspect of the present invention is proposed powder suboxide titanium, including 4 Ti O 7 , Ti 5 and Ti O 9 6 11 O , in which Ti O 4 7 , Ti 5 and Ti O 9 6 11 O make more than 92% of the powder and where Ti O 7 4 is present in quantities exceeding 30% of the powder.
Having powder, in which more than 92% of these three substances, you can get a plate with low resistance, for example, the plate with the resistance below 7 IOM.
In contrast, previously described powders that contain Ti 3 O 5 and, in some cases, Ti 9 O 13 and/or TiO 2 , have a resistance above 7 IOM, when they are presented in the form of plates of equivalent size.
In addition, the authors of the present invention suddenly discovered that using the powder, which Ti O 4 7 , Ti 5 and Ti O 9 6 11 O make more than 92% of a powder that allows the electrodes, plates and pipes, consisting of the specified powder, to be more resistant to corrosion in acidic conditions than previously known electrodes, plates and pipes.
Next, plates, pipes and electrodes made of powders according to the invention, have a lower weight than manufactured using previously known powders. This is especially advantageous for use in electrochemical elements, in particular in the batteries (e.g. in bipolar batteries). This is particularly desirable to obtain batteries with improved chemical and physical properties that are lighter in weight than the well-known battery.
The powder may include approximately 30-60% 4 Ti O 7 and/or from 35 to 60% Ti O 9 5 .
Preferably above powder includes:
30%≤Ti O 4 7 ≤60%;
35%≤Ti O 9 5 ≤60%; and
2%≤Ti 6 O 11 ≤20%.
Preferably 4 Ti O 7 is present in the powder in the amount from 30% by weight up to 60 wt.% calculated on the total mass of powder. Having the number 4 Ti O 7 above 60% in the powder is unprofitable, as this can badly affect the corrosion resistance. On the contrary, if Ti O 7 4 is present in the number of below 30% by weight calculated on the total mass of powder, it may badly affect the conductivity is obtained as a result of the electrode or moulded products.
Preferably Ti O 9 5 present in the powder from 35 wt.% up to 60 wt.% calculated on the total mass of powder. To have the number Ti O 9 5 above 60% in the powder is unprofitable due to the higher resistance of the obtained products. On the contrary, if Ti O 9 5 is present in quantities of less than 35% by weight in calculated on the total mass of powder, it may badly affect the corrosion resistance due to higher amounts of phases 4 Ti and Ti O 7 3 O 5 .
In order to maintain a balance between lower electrical resistance and higher corrosion resistance, the authors of the present invention found, which is especially beneficial to Ti 6 O 11 were present in quantities lower than or equal to 20%by weight, but at least 2 wt.% calculated on the total mass of powder.
Preferably 4 Ti O 7 , Ti 5 and Ti O 9 6 11 O make up more than 95% of the powder, and it is most preferable more 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, for example, 100%.
Preferably powder contains less than 5% of other suboxides titanium than 4 Ti O 7 , Ti 5 and Ti O 9 6 11 O , calculated on the total mass of powder. More preferably powder contains less than 2%, less than 1% or less than 0.5% of other suboxides titanium than 4 Ti O 7 , Ti 5 and Ti O 9 6 11 O , calculated on the total mass of powder.
Preferably the total number 4 Ti O 7 , Ti 5 and Ti O 9 6 11 O with fatal impurities is 100%.
Preferably amount Ti O 4 7 , Ti 5 and Ti O 9 6 11 O 100% of a powder of suboxide titanium.
Preferably powder contains less than 5% Ti 3 O 5 , preferably less than 2%, and it is most preferable to 0%.
Preferably powder contains less than 5% Ti 9 O 13 , preferably less than 2%, and it is most preferable to 0%.
Preferably powder contains less than 5% of TiO 2 , preferably less than 2%, and it is most preferable 0% calculated on the total mass of powder.
Favorably to keep the number of TiO 2 , Ti 3 O 5 , Ti 9 O 13 and other suboxides titanium, non Ti O 4 7 , Ti 5 and Ti O 9 6 11 O , at low levels (i.e. below 5%, preferably below 2% and most preferably at 0% calculated on the total mass of powder). This is because the presence of significant quantities of TiO 2 , Ti 3 O 5 , Ti 9 O 13 and other suboxides titanium, non Ti O 4 7 , Ti 5 and Ti O 9 6 11 O , results in a harmful effect on the conductivity and/or resistance to acid corrosion of plates, pipes and electrodes, including the powder.
In one implementation of the present invention powder suboxides titanium for use in electrochemical devices include from 5 to 20% Ti 6 O 11 and less than 10% Ti 3 O 5 .
Ti O 4 7 may be present in quantities ranging from 30%to 60%, from 35 to 50% or 40% to 50% calculated on the total mass of powder.
Ti O 9 5 may be present in quantities ranging from 35 to 60%, from 35 to 50%, 50% to 60% or 45% to 55% (based on the total weight of the powder.
Ti 6 O 13 may be present in quantities ranging from 2 or 5% to 20% and from 5% to 15% calculated on the total mass of powder.
Preferably powder under this invention consists of:
30%≤Ti O 4 7 ≤60%;
35%≤Ti O 9 5 ≤60%;
2%≤Ti 6 O 11 ≤20%,
and all fatal impurities.
In one implementation of the present invention powder includes:
26%≤Ti O 4 7 ≤60%;
35%≤Ti O 9 5 ≤60%; and
2%≤Ti 6 O 11 ≤20%,
where Ti O 4 7 , Ti 5 and Ti O 9 6 11 O make more than 92% of the powder.
In the alternative implementation of the present invention powder includes:
35%≤Ti O 4 7 ≤50%;
50%≤Ti O 9 5 ≤60%; and
5%≤Ti 6 O 11 ≤20%,
where Ti O 4 7 , Ti 5 and Ti O 9 6 11 O make more than 92% of the powder.
In the alternative implementation of the present invention powder includes:
40%≤Ti O 4 7 ≤50%;
45%≤Ti O 9 5 ≤55%; and
5%≤Ti 6 O 11 ≤15%,
where Ti O 4 7 , Ti 5 and Ti O 9 6 11 O make more than 92% of the powder.
Powder of the present invention may be obtained by conventional means, which should be well known to specialists in a given field of technology, for example, in ways, which are described in international patent application PCT/GB2005/002172 or in US 4422917. International patent application PCT/GB2005/002172 and US 4422917 incorporated by this reference.
The composition of powders can be determined by conventional methods of x-ray diffraction.
The second aspect of the present invention is proposed electrode, which includes described here powder.
Preferably electrode includes described here powder and polymer or resin. The polymer can be a thermoplastic or a thermoset polymer. Tar is preferable thermosetting resins. More preferably thermosetting resin is an epoxy resin.
In the third aspect of the present invention proposed plate or tube for use in electrochemical device that includes described here powder.
Preferably plate or tube includes described here powder and polymer or resin. The polymer can be a thermoplastic or a thermoset polymer. Tar is preferable thermosetting resins. More preferably thermosetting resin is an epoxy resin.
In the preferred implementation plate or tube includes described here powder at less than 70% by weight calculated on the total mass of the plate or tube. More preferably plate or tube includes described here powder in number in the range from 55 to 70% by weight or 60 to 65%by weight. The authors of the present invention found that the higher the content of the powder of the present invention, however, as a rule, the higher the conductivity of the product. However, using high concentrations of powder into the plate or tube, for example, more than 70% by weight calculated on the total mass of plates or tubes can get the result of harmful influence on the mechanical strength of the plate or tube.
Preferably plate or tube for use in electrochemical unit has a thickness less than 5 mm, preferably less than or equal to 2 mm and it is most preferable less or equal to 1 mm, and the resistance of less than 35 IOM, preferably less than 7,0 IOM, preferably lower than 6.8 IOM, plates, including pressed powder described above.
Preferably plate or tube, described here, has a wall thickness of less than 2 mm, preferably 1 mm or less and preferably has a weight of less than 55,
Preferably plate containing less than 70% by weight the above powder, the rest can be presented binders, such as thermosetting or thermoplastic resins, fillers, other conductive substances, etc., although preferably plate should include powder for invention and thermosetting resin.
Plate preferably weighs less than 60 g, preferably less than 55 g with square 131 cm 2 .
The plate can be of any size. Some suitable plates can have 515 square cm 2 .
Resin can be selected from a wide variety of materials. Preferred are thermosetting resin. One suitable resin for production korrozionnostojkoj plate is the uncured epoxy resin, such as Araldite® PY307-1 in combination with hardener HY3203®, where both material available from Vantico Ltd. (formerly. Huntsman). It was found that it is particularly resistant to anodic corrosion and suitable for the manufacture of non-porous plate, although other systems resins can give a satisfactory product. Thermosetting resins are particularly suitable for the manufacture of the plates with a good conductivity, because they processed in the hot press, which also compresses particles for electronic close contact, and they also give some shrinkage at hardening, optionally compressing particles together. Other suitable thermosetting resins include epoxyphenols, Novolac resin, epoxy resin on the basis of bisphenol a epoxy resin from bisphenol F, polyesters (saturated, unsaturated, isophthalic, orthophthalic, modified by neopentylglycol), modified vinyl ether urethane vinyl ether, etc. Selected resin should be preferably resin, which is resistant to acid electrolyte, especially when the plate is designed for bipolar batteries.
In one implementation of the present invention proposed battery, preferably bipolar battery, including the electrode, made of described here powder.
In order for an invention to be understood more fully, reference is made to the following permissive examples.
A comparative example
Powders of suboxide titanium produced in accordance with the instructions of US 4442917, in accordance with powder TiO 2 was restored in the atmosphere of hydrogen at 1180 OC for 8 hours.
Powder were analyzed and it was found that he has the following composition:
Table 1 The percentage composition formerly known powders
Powder n TiO 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 4 35 31 22 6 1 1 2 2 40 30 21 7 2 0 3 4 33 28 25 8 1 1 4 3 38 27 25 5 1 1 5 2 37 27 26 6 1 1The powders were formed in plate mix with organic binding shaping plate and cure the binder.
Plates have the following features whose values are average for the five plates.
Table 2 Characteristics of the plates, made using previously known powders
Contents powder (%)
60,2Weight (g)
51,1Thickness (mm)
1,0Resistance (IOM)
7,4Resistance was measured using the method of wire DC4 using 3.5mm crown external probe/needle internal Kelvin test leads (Coda Systems PK3Qb-3.5). The probe has made every effort, using mechanical clamp to ensure sustainable pressure probe. From the plate received current of 1 mA, measured the resulting voltage using NI FlexDMM PXI-4072. Resistance was measured five times and take an average.
Example 1
Prepared following powders.
Table 3 composition of powders
Powder n 4 5 6 1 36 52 12 2 39 49 12 3 47 45 8Powders made in plates, mixing with organic binding giving shape plate and otvergla binder.
Thus formed plates have the following features whose values are average for the three plates.
Table 4 Characteristics of the plates
The content of the powder (%)
62Weight (g)
48Thickness (mm)
1,0Resistance (IOM)
6,7Resistance was measured using the method of wire DC4 using 3.5mm crown external probe/needle internal Kelvin test leads (Coda Systems PK3Qb-3.5). The probe has made every effort, using mechanical clamp to ensure sustainable pressure probe. From the plate got the power 1 mA measured the resulting voltage using NI FlexDMM PXI-4072. Resistance was measured five times and take an average.
As should be clear, plates, made of powders according to the invention, have much lower resistance than the plate, made of previously known powders, and they have a lower weight. Both these factors suggest that bipolar batteries, manufactured using powder according to the invention, are preferable to those that are made of powder formed according to the prior art, because of their higher conductivity and less of the total weight.
Although the authors do not I wish to be bound to any specific theory, it is theoretically possible that a decrease of the resistance is due to a more narrow distribution of suboxides titanium and excluding Ti 3 O 5 .
Example 2
Table 5 the Percentage composition of powders and data on corrosion
Powder Sample #
Composition
The content of soluble Ti (mg/l)
155% Ti O 7 4
36% Ti O 9 5
9% Ti 6 11 O
89 214% Ti 3 O 5
86% Ti O 7 4
1290 3100% of TiO 2
6750The above powders produced in accordance with the instructions of US 4.442.917, in accordance with powder TiO 2 was restored in hydrogen atmosphere at 1180 OC for 8 hours. A sample of 25 g each powder immersed in 40 wt.% sulfuric acid for 72 hours at 71°C. Analysis by ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) measured the amount contained in the sample soluble Ti.
2. Powder of claim 1, wherein: 30%≤Ti O 4 7 ≤60 wt.%; 35%≤Ti O 9 5 ≤60 wt.% and 2%≤Ti 6 O 11 ≤20 wt.%.
3. Powder of claim 1, wherein Ti O 4 7 , Ti 5 and Ti O 9 6 11 O make up more than 95% by weight powder.
4. Powder according to claim 1, where the powder contains less than 5 wt.% other suboxides titanium than 4 Ti O 7 , Ti O 9 5 and Ti 6 O 11 calculated on the total mass of powder.
5. Powder according to claim 1, where the total number 4 Ti O 7 , Ti O 9 5 and Ti 6 O 11 together with fatal impurities is 100 wt.%.
6. Powder according to claim 1, where Ti 4 Of 7 , Ti 5 and Ti O 9 6 11 O be 100 wt.% powder.
7. Powder according to claim 1, free from Ti 3 O 5 .
8. Powder according to claim 1, consisting of: 30%≤Ti O 4 7 ≤60 wt.%; 35%≤Ti O 9 5 ≤60 wt.% and 2%≤Ti 6 O 11 ≤20 wt.%.
9. Electrode containing powder, as defined in claim 1.
10. The electrode on item 9, optionally containing polymer and/or resin.
11. Plate or tube for use in electrochemical device containing powder, as defined in claim 1.
12. Plate or tube in paragraph 11, optionally containing polymer and/or resin.
13. Plate or tube in paragraph 11, where the powder is present in quantities of less than 70%by weight.
14. Plate or tube for use in electrochemical device according to claim 11, having a wall thickness of less than 5 mm and resistance of less than 35 IOM.
15. Plate or tube on 14, having a wall thickness less than 2 mm, preferably less than 1 mm and a weight of less than 55,