Wheel-type powerhelm unit of artic voyage ship

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to water transport. Powerhelm unit comprises two paddle wheels mounted at head and two wheels at end, paddle wheel depth adjustment device, and device to reduce negative pressure under ship in shallow water. Floats are rigidly mounted on paddle wheels in symmetry about ship centre plane. Every paddle wheel has independent-control drive. Floats extend relative to wheel axes. Paddle wheels feature variable diametre to be inscribed in truncated cone with diametre increasing from side to centre plane and axes out of ship centre plane square. Floats feature screw shape with optimum entrance angles in side zone and exit angles in ship centre plane. Floats are made up of shell cylindrical surfaces secured onto star-like discs. Toothing is made on float edges. Float paddle wheel width exceeds ship hull design waterline width. Ship head paddle wheel teeth represent hexagon barrel with cutting tools clamped therein. Device to reduce negative pressure under ship in shallow water includes aerator tube with air intakes. Paddle wheels are furnished with diffusion nozzle.

EFFECT: higher efficiency and controllability.

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The invention relates to water transport, can be used in the design, construction and operation of vessels intended for operation in conditions of shallow, weedy waters and ice conditions.

Known technical solutions with the use of paddle wheels in propulsion and steering complex (On the river on wheels. SITL Europe 2010, 23-26 March, Paris, France. The first stage of the first annual Russian Maritime Congress. Maritime transport: perspectives of the Commonwealth. Information-analytic Agency. 20.02.2011 [1]).

Hydrodynamic advantages paddle wheels are explained by theory and proven practice of their application. The more hydraulic propulsion section and less than the velocity increment it, the less loss and higher efficiency. With increasing resistance to movement and the fall speed paddle wheel is able to double the thrust, which may not provide neither the screw nor the jet pump. For wheels enough depth equal to its diameter. A small increase in speed of the water in the wheel propulsion device provides not only gentle, but also beneficial effects on the water, mixing the water and activating it reductive biochemical processes.

Despite the unique properties of the propeller wheel is almost out of use among the reasons cited large GABA is etnie the size of the wheels, bulky obnosy, complex, vulnerable design and costly repairs. In addition, the disadvantages were considered poor controllability of the wheel of the ship-the pusher, the negative impact of changes in precipitation and roll of the ship on the work wheel propulsion, as well as the lack of simple and reliable transfer of power from the diesel engine to propeller wheel. Low, almost at the same period, the cost of diesel fuel and fuel oil did steam machine uncompetitive in comparison with internal combustion engines.

From the above, only the first sign can be recognized as an inevitable drawback. Although, in reality, large vehicle wheels is an objective feature of the wheel propulsion, from which derive the hydrodynamic advantages. Other disadvantages can be eliminated if the two paddle wheels independently controlled drive to perform welded together, with a spiral shape pliz. And install on the frame, a hinge mounted on the stern transom of the vessel, with the capability of raising and lowering. Since in this case the propeller wheel for navigation and ship control, the result is a new type of propulsion and steering unit: wheel DRC" or CDRC.

Application CDRC provides a qualitatively new level of courts. And provides a number of advantages. Firstly, here you can talk about on Chennai safe navigation through the speakers, increased maneuverability and is identical to the handling in the front and rear go. Secondly, the ship gets increased operational reliability, due to the absence in the underwater part of the hull vulnerable protrusions and holes, thanks to its sturdy all-welded design paddle wheels and swivel mounting frame CDRC to the transom of the vessel. Thirdly, greater profitability, since it is possible to perform the transport operation when using reduced power and reduced construction cost. In addition, there is minimal impact on the flora and fauna of the area.

Wheel ships of the new type can be useful everywhere: in shallow waters, where there is ice and slush.

Also new technical result can be obtained if you create powerful wheel icebreakers-lodomez for regular, year-round work on the shelf, and on the Northern Sea Route. Icebreaking vessel, equipped with paddle wheels in the form of a steel helical cutter with hard volume plicae can break the ice, moving forward nose and stern, to turn into ice when upsetting about 25% of the diameter of the paddle wheel. It should be noted that the movement of the wheels forward in ice is much more effective due to the following positive effects. Wheel, working at the ice edge, creates Razrez the tion, which contributes to breaking blocks of ice when you hit the edge of plica. The ice is destroyed mainly by deformation of the slice, not bending (wheel shape - cutter), due to the destruction of ice requires less energy consumption, since the strength of the ice to cut 5 times lower than in bending. Pieces of ice pritoplennye Plaza, discarded far in the direction of the lateral component of emphasis together with a large mass of water, eliminating build-up of ice to the hull and its getting under flat bottom. Resulting in a ship moves in the clean channel, and the frictional resistance on the ice, up to 15% ice resistance icebreakers traditional design, is virtually absent.

Unlike traditional icebreakers, press down the ice, the vessel can overcome the ice jams on the rivers, to work in broken and solid ice, move the bow and the stern forward, not fearing for the failure of the DRC. The reliability of the DRC provides a form of paddle wheels, which when hitting an obstacle (the edge of the ice field, stranded) roll on it and absorb the impact energy, preventing destructive stresses in the structure. The presence of active ice destruction device makes inertial and molding characteristics of the secondary hull.

The principle of destruction of ice, in which the propulsion device simultaneously performs 4 functions (navigation, control the pressure vessel, the destruction of the ice and the cleansing of the channel), will reduce the unit cost of energy when performing icebreaking 2-3 times. The maximum ice thickness for continuous running of the vessel should be 10-12% of the diameter of the wheel.

Existing technologies are unable to provide an icebreaker with a draft of 1 m, is able to move in ice thickness of 40 cm And ladores with durable paddle wheels is Kolesnik displacement 120-150 tons with the usual proportions: wheel diameter 4 m, depth paddle wheels of 0.8-1 m, 1 m of sediment Modern linear icebreakers in their astronomical cost and capacity have low profitability, and often simply unprofitable.

The prior art propulsion and steering complex (inventor's certificate SU # 1000348 [2]), consisting of a paddle wheel with swivel plicae mounted on a circular rotating platform driven vertical movement. This device has a complex structure and vulnerable paddle wheel with swivel plicae.

These disadvantages are eliminated in a known technical solution (patent RU №2225327 [3]).

The technical result of the invention [3] is providing high reliability in operation of the vessel in shallow water, ice, floating in combination with high propulsive qualities, high maneuverability, high dynamic, skorost the mi characteristics of the vessel and composition.

The claimed technical result is achieved by the use of wheeled propulsion and steering unit (DRC), located in the tip of the ship, made in the form of a pair of paddle wheels with independent drive, symmetric with respect to the DP vessel design, rigidly mounted and deployed relative to the axis of the wheel plicae. This Plaza has an axial helical form with the optimum entrance angle of the edge in the water at the outer rim of the wheel and the optimal angle of the output edges plicy out of the water at the inner rim of the wheel (for the estimated speed of the vessel). Wheel DRC contains a device for regulating the penetration paddle wheels, made in the form of a frame, a hinge mounted on the transom of the vessel with the drive of the lifting / lowering. To improve propulsive qualities wheel DRC its frame is equipped with followupmailer with the device controlling the angle of attack of the wing and raise it above the water level. The shape of the paddle wheels made in the form of truncated cones with the outer rim of smaller diameter than the rim of the inner (closest to the DP vessel). For use in severe conditions (for example, for ships of ice class propeller wheels are three-dimensional design with an internal set formed by the cylindrical surfaces of PLIC and flat star-shaped disks, and the width of the paddle wheels on plica great is, than the maximum width of the hull on CWL.

Wheel DRC is a device consisting of right and left paddle wheels symmetric with respect to the DP vessel design with a rigidly mounted axially screw plicae, with independent (e.g., hydraulic) drive wheels. Paddle wheels are mounted on the frame, hinged by means of dampers at the tip of the ship and devices for lifting and lowering the DRC. On the feeding wheel is installed followupdate driven adjustment of the angle of attack and lift out of the water wing. Paddle wheel can be performed with a volume plicae formed cylindrical surfaces of the casing, hardened edge profile. A cylindrical casing mounted on the star-shaped disks on the ends of the wheel supported on the inside set. On the edges of PLIC set teeth. For ship-ferry wheels spaced to the sides for education, travel, and attached to the frame ramp.

Ship control is performed by changing the magnitude and direction of the thrust vector of the DRC by varying the ratio of the number of revolutions and direction of rotation of the paddle wheels.

The controllability on the front and back of the course will be identical. Therefore, from the point of view of manageability wheel DRC can be installed on the aft and fore konechno is I. The value of unwrapping ship time depends on the angle of rotation pliz about the axis of the wheel and the distance of the axis of the paddle wheels from the center of mass of the vessel or pushed composition. When installing PLIC at an angle to the axis of the wheels equal to 17° (the angle corresponding to the maximum efficiency DRC), the moment of unwrapping the vessel, in comparison with the case where the angle is 0°, increasing to ship-pusher in 2,5-3 times, pushed for the composition of the pusher / barge 5-6 times, for the composition of the pusher / two barges in the Wake of 10-12 times. Coil form pliz during the rotation of the wheels in different directions provides steering force commensurate with the rest of the DRC. If plicy not have spread, the lateral component of the stop is missing, and the controllability in contrast to the inventive design of the DRC cannot be achieved without the traditional steering device. From practice it is known that the specific tractive force paddle wheels with increasing resistance to movement increases 1.5-2 times.

Ship wheel DRC will quickly gain and quenching speed in comparison with the vessel having a screw or jet DRC.

Reversal of PLIC relative to the axis of the wheels and in addition to providing manageability helps improve propulsive efficiency DRC and high traction characteristics by podgrebya water boards and compression of the jet. To reduce losses and improve IC is grow reject stream (and hence and the ship) wheel DRC are in the form of a truncated cone.

Water particles captured by plica, at the time of the stroke is moved along its surface from Board to DP vessel and gain haste, because the diameter of the paddle wheel, and hence the peripheral speed of PLIC increases from Board to DP. High speed jet drop reduces the formation of water of the shaft for the wheel, lifting water plicae. This also contributes to the axial coil form pliz, with the optimal angle of entry into the water in the area of the outer (side) of the drive wheels and the angle of Plec in the area of internal (DP) of the disk corresponding to the optimal angle of the output edges plicy of water at rated speed. In all modes of motion of the vessel ensures maximum efficiency of the DRC due to the optimal value of penetration paddle wheels driven and suppress waves followupmailer.

No affected member - rotary pliz, rudder blades - provides wheel DRC increased reliability in extremely shallow waters up to use it as a lug by lowering to the bottom, for example, when the grounding.

Design wheel DRC can be made so strong that they can be used as ice destruction of the device. The vessel, moving the wheels forward, will be to break the ice field. Plaza, sovershaem what I paddle in the immediate vicinity of the ice edge, creates underneath the vacuum, which helps to break off pieces of ice when you blow on it the next policy. Next, a piece of ice protoplanets plica and due to the reversal of PLIC together with the mass of water is discarded to the side under the edge of the ice. The hull is moving in the clean channel, virtually without friction of ice.

Wheel DRC can be installed in the forward end of the vessel and will provide controllability, maneuverability, high traction. The nose wheel of the DRC can be used for towing lighters LASH, wheeled icebreakers, ferries, polyaniline platforms.

Wheel DRC, in contrast to the screw, allows for inspection and repair without drydocking the vessel. In addition to the technical advantages of wheeled DRC will have environmental, exerting minimal impact on the flora and fauna of the waters, because the added velocity of water passing through the propeller-wheel, substantially lower than the screw. However, despite a number of advantages in comparison with analogues using the known device does not eliminate such drawback as landing on the bottom while swimming in shallow water.

In addition, to improve propulsive qualities known wheel DRC, its frame is equipped with followupmailer with the device controlling the angle of attack of the wing and raise it above the water level. However, when placing Coles the th propulsion steering of complex extremity of the vessel possible gear at the bottom and landing on the bottom.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is the provision of improved reliability when operating a vessel in shallow water, ice, floating in combination with high propulsive qualities, high maneuverability, high dynamic and high-speed characteristics of a vessel and composition, by addressing the identified deficiencies.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the wheel propulsion and steering complex, installed in the tip of a vessel containing a performed rigidly mounted plicae two paddle wheels having symmetrical with respect to the median plane of the ship design, each wheel is independently controlled actuator mounted on wheels plicy deployed with respect to the axes of the wheels to podgrebya water from the sides to the center plane of the vessel and compression cast jet device for regulating the depth of the propeller wheel, with a drive for lifting and lowering, while the paddle wheel is made variable diameter that can be inscribed in a truncated cone, the axis paddle wheels are not perpendicular to the median plane of the vessel, and the diameter of each of the paddle wheels increases from the edge to the center plane of the vessel, plicy have a helical shape with optimal angles at the entrance to the water district Board and exit the water in which the Hayon center plane of the vessel, on the edges of PLIC set of cogs, wheels are made in three-dimensional design with plicae formed cylindrical surfaces of the casing, mounted on a star-shaped disks, the width of the paddle wheels on plica greater than the width of the hull in the design waterline, in which the wheel propulsion and steering complex, installed in the tip of the vessel, equipped with a cone spiral nozzle with a slope, in the fore part of the vessel are also installed wheel propulsion and steering complex device structures wheels, wheel propulsion and steering complex is also provided with a device for reducing the negative pressure beneath the boat when sailing in shallow water, including aeration pipe with inlets, policy wheel propulsion and steering unit installed in the bow of the ship, made in the form of a hexagon glass, with fixed therein cutters.

In contrast to the known device, the proposed solution allows to solve the issues related to improving the efficiency of propulsion by the decrease of the resistance movement of the vessel in shallow water and increase efficiency when navigating in ice.

The efficiency of a ship in ice conditions is closely linked with improving the efficiency of propulsion. As is known, the efficiency of the ideal mover can be identified by sootnoshenie is:

where

L=mωaV_puseful power developed by the propeller;

2

L₁=pVp+mωa²/2 - consumed power

m is the mass of the liquid flowing through the propulsion per unit of time;

V_p- the speed of the undisturbed water;

ω_andspeed caused by the mover at infinity.

Formula (1) shows that the more induced velocity ω_andthe smaller η. Thus, the problem of increasing η can be solved by reducing ω_and. This can be achieved through equipment paddle wheels diffuser nozzles with slope water from the inner surface of the nozzle.

Application of cone spiral nozzle with slope enables the following conditions:

- expanding cast streams with simultaneous alignment of the plot speeds and a significant reduction in the rate ω_a;

- increase the efficiency of propulsion;

- decrease the speed (and number) of the cocurrent flow (when ω_a=-V_atheoretical cocurrent flow may be completely neutralized);

- reducing energy feed groups of waves.

To enhance the effect of suction in addition, you can use vacuum pumps.

The manifestation of negative pressure under the bottom of the vessel causes the emergence of additional precipitation ΔT and differentage fragile α. royalene of these factors leads to the reduction of stock depth beneath the boat and even landing the ship on the bottom of the fairway, and the appearance of differentage angle leads to a significant increase in the resistance movement of the vessel.

To reduce (or eliminate) these adverse factors necessary to neutralize the negative pressure beneath the boat when sailing in shallow water. This can be accomplished by aeration flow beneath the boat is in the zone of high negative pressures or by filing under the bottom of the water.

Performing pliz wheel propulsion and steering unit installed in the bow of the vessel in the form of a hexagon glass, with fixed therein cutters allows you to make cuts in the ice, which facilitates the subsequent process of ice breaking hull.

The essence of the proposed technical solution is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1. Scheme vessel equipped with a wheel propulsion and steering complex. The vessel 1 is equipped with bow and stern propulsion and steering complex, designed in the form of paddle wheels 2 with a controlled actuator 3, a device 4 for adjusting the penetration paddle wheels 2. Paddle wheel 2 is provided with plicae 5, the edges have teeth 6, diffuser nozzle 7. Air intakes 8, aeration tube 9, the holes 10 on-Board pipe 11 forming device for neutralization of the negative pressure under the vessel 1. When the vessel when there are areas of low (negative) giving is to be placed, through the air inlet 8, the air is blown into the aeration tube 9 and through holes 10 (perforated bottom) side of the pipe 11 located below the plane of the voyage, published in the stream beneath the boat. Figure 2. Diffuser nozzle. Diffuser nozzle 7 includes a diffuser 12, the deflecting surface 13, the holes 14.

The proposed device operates as follows.

When the vessel 1 through the ice, asked wheeled propulsion and steering complex, designed in the form of paddle wheels 2 with a controlled drive 3, by means of teeth 6, installed on the edges of PLIC 5, carry out the destruction of the ice, by cutting slots with a subsequent impact on the ice in the hull 1. For a more extensive cuts the teeth 6 of the nasal paddle wheels 2 made in the form of a hexagon glass, with fixed therein cutters.

Wheel propulsion and steering complex, installed in the tip of the vessel 1, containing made rigidly mounted plicae two paddle wheels having symmetrical with respect to the median plane of the ship design, each wheel is independently controlled actuator mounted on wheels plicy deployed with respect to the axes of the wheels to podgrebya water from the sides to the center plane of the vessel and compression reject stream, a device for controlling zaglul is placed paddle wheels, with a drive for lifting and lowering, while the paddle wheel is made variable diameter that can be inscribed in a truncated cone, the axis of the propeller wheel is not perpendicular to the median plane of the vessel, and the diameter of each of the paddle wheels increases from the edge to the center plane of the vessel, plicy have a helical shape with optimal angles at the entrance to the water district Board and exit the water in the area of the median plane of the ship, on the edges of PLIC set of cogs, wheels are made in three-dimensional design with plicae formed cylindrical surfaces of the casing, mounted on a star-shaped disks, the width of rowing wheels on plica greater than the width of the hull in the design waterline.

When the vessel when there are areas of low (negative) pressure, through the air inlet 8, the air is blown into the aeration tube 9 and through holes 10 (perforated bottom) side of the pipe 11 located below the plane of the voyage, published in the stream beneath the boat, which also contributes to the removal of the destroyed ice against the hull.

The use of diffuser nozzles 7 with slope enables the following conditions:

- expanding cast streams with simultaneous alignment of the plot speeds and a significant reduction in the rate ω_and;

- Uwe is ikenie mover efficiency;

- decrease the speed (and number) of the cocurrent flow (when ω_a=-V_atheoretical cocurrent flow may be completely neutralized);

- reducing energy feed groups of waves.

The purpose and operation of other nodes and elements similar to those shown in the description of the prototype.

The invention improves the efficiency of the propulsion device and the manageability of the vessel, and also provides movement of the vessel in ice.

Sources of information

1. On the river on wheels. SITL Europe 2010, 23-26 March, Paris, France. The first stage of the first annual Russian Maritime Congress. Maritime transport: perspectives of the Commonwealth. Information-analytic Agency. 20.02.2011.

2. Inventor's certificate SU # 1000348.

3. Patent RU No. 2225327.

Wheel propulsion and steering the ship of ice navigation installed in the tip of a vessel containing a performed rigidly mounted plicae two paddle wheels having symmetrical with respect to the median plane of the ship design, each wheel is independently controlled actuator mounted on wheels plicy deployed with respect to the axes of the wheels to podgrebya water from the sides to the center plane of the vessel and compression cast jet device to control the penetration paddle wheels with a drive for lifting and lowering, while rowing to the forest is made variable diameter, which can be inscribed in a truncated cone, the axis of the propeller wheel is not perpendicular to the median plane of the vessel, and the diameter of each of the paddle wheels increases from the edge to the center plane of the vessel, plicy have a helical shape with optimal angles at the entrance to the water district Board and exit the water in the area of the median plane of the ship, on the edges of PLIC set of cogs, wheels are made in three-dimensional design with plicae formed cylindrical surfaces of the casing, mounted on a star-shaped disks, the width of the paddle wheels on plica greater than the width of the hull in the design waterline, characterized in that the wheel propulsion and steering complex, installed in the tip of the vessel, equipped with a diffuser attachment with a slope, in the fore part of the vessel are also installed wheel propulsion and steering complex with a diffuser attachment with a slope of and a device for adjusting the penetration paddle wheels, wheel propulsion and steering complex is also provided with a device for reducing the negative pressure beneath the boat when sailing in shallow water, including aeration pipe with inlets, Pliny wheel propulsion and steering unit installed in the bow of the ship, made in the form of hexagonal glass with fixed therein cutters.