Method of producing ice cast-iron cylinder head valve seat or reconditioning them by arc deposition. RU patent 2448825.
 Method of reconditioning locally worn-out surfaces of structural parts moulded from plastic materials and those of limited plasticity, and device to this end / 2447981Invention relates to reconditioning of structural parts. Deformation limiter is arranged to fit base surface on unworn section of reconditioned surface, worn surface topograms are taken, plastic deformation magnitudes and points are defined. Reconditioned surface is prestressed by extending retainer to plastic state to fit indentor into prestressed section and up reconditioned surface to initial position. Holes produced by indenter are filled with antifriction material and deformation limiter is removed. Proposed device comprises extending retainer to prestress reconditioned surface arranged in axial hole of deformation limiter to axially displace. Note here that said indenter is aligned with extending retainer. |
 Method of repairing metal structures with surface cracks and device to this end / 2446932Invention may be used in repair of metal structures with open surface defects by metallothermic welding. Cracks are detected by pickup made up of string crack metering device, strain gauge and tail pickup arranged on metal structure surface in zones of probable crack formation to transmit data by radio signals to central control station and, via controller, to movable welding device. Progressive crack is detected by the rate of its development and sizes, crack coordinates are defined and radio signals from appropriate pickups are used to move welding device to crack location. Metallothermic mix is fired and fused in welding device replaceable vessel. Said replaceable vessel emptied and crack filled with fused metal, data on operation of welding device is transmitted to central control station for said device to be returned to initial position. |
 Device to retain components in method for repair of single-block turbine wheel blade / 2446931Invention relates to a device for retention of components during repair of a blade of a single-block turbine wheel by means of electron-beam welding of an insert with a blade along the joint plane. The device comprises facilities to retain the wheel and facilities for controlled retention of the blade and the insert. The facilities for controlled retention of the blade and the insert comprise a support, where facilities are placed to retain the blade and the insert so that the space above the joint plane makes it possible for the electron beam to pass through. The relative position of the blade and the insert is controlled with the help of facilities installed on a single support, letting the electron beam pass through. |
 Method of hardening turbo machine nozzle vane unit made from nickel and cobalt alloys / 2445199Invention relates to machine building and may be sued for improving operating performances of gas turbine hot section parts in aircraft, ship and power generating gas turbine engines: nozzle vanes including nozzle units segments made from nickel and cobalt alloys. Proposed method comprises forming refractory coat on surfaces of nozzle unit top and bottom flanges and vane body and applying thermal-protective ceramic layer only on outer surfaces of bottom flange and vane body and on surface of transition zone between top flange and vane body. Note here that thickness of said protective layer on different elements of nozzle units varies from 10 mcm to 300 mcm depending upon compensation of temperature difference of unit elements. |
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Method of repairing fractures in metal structures / 2444425 Invention may be used for repairing and reconditioning metal structures with fractures. Fracture is welded up by local point heating and remelting of main metal along fracture with the help of contact point or side-seam welding machine to produce solid center. Welding-up is performed along entire length of the fracture to overlap produced said core by, at least, 30%. Ultrasound oscillations are fed into fracture zone during the entire welding-up cycle to accelerate cleaning and removing of oxide films from fractures, to produce homogeneous structure of welded seam, to decrease weld stresses, to increase quality and strength of welded seam. |
 Method of reconditioning tillage equipment working tools with complex shape / 2443531Invention may be used in reconditioning tillage equipment working tool surfaces with complex shape. Worn-out area is prefilled by electrodes made from wear resistant material to perform closing by fusion in one pass by electric arc manual or semiautomatic method to ensure maximum possible tracing of working surface. |
 Method of increasing life of tillage equipment working tools / 2443524Invention may be used in reconditioning tillage equipment working tool surfaces. Rolls are welded on perpendicular to axis of beam-like wear, spaced apart for 20-30 mm to produce spacing between them. Roll height does not exceed the level of working surface of the part being reclaimed. Said spacing is filled in operation by soil that acts as anti-abrasive medium. |
 Method of reconditioning center hoes of tillage row-crop cultivators / 2443523Invention may be used in reconditioning tillage equipment working tool surfaces. Metal stock is formed in point area and along blade length by electric arc deposition by electrode to produce buffer stock of built-up metal that allows recovery of rated sizes of hoes. Building-up may be carried out both manually and mechanically by electric arc deposition. Hoe is drawn out by hot deformation using forming mandrel that follows hoe point and blade shape. Further hardening is performed by quenching. In buffer metal building-up and drawing-out, thermal processes occur to bring about structural components that increase hardness of reconditioned zone and facilitate increasing resistance to abrasive wear. |
 Method of reclaiming turbo compressor rotor surface / 2440879Invention relates to machine building and may be used in reclaiming turbo compressor rotor surface. Sleeve fitting is made, its extreme sections being pressed on rotor machined surface to be reclaimed. Section between said extreme sections is fitted on rotor to make clearance their between and be locked by pins. Lock joint is made on sleeve fitting surface to mount vanes thereon. Note here that said extreme sections are made with thin walls. |
 Method of controlling wear of coats on parts made from heat-resistant nickel alloys / 2440878Invention relates to machine building, namely, to control over wear of coats on parts made from heat-resistant nickel alloys and may be used in repair of turbine vanes. Proposed method comprises preparing the surface of part with worn-out coat to define the degree of wear-out. Said preparation consists in electrolyte-plasma etching of part surface in water solutions of ammonium salts at voltage of 280-300 V between part and counter electrode and solution temperature of 75…85°C for 25…30 seconds. Note here that the degree of worn-out coat (□) is defined by the ratio of total area of processed surface with residues of coat (Fc) to total processed area (F) from formula □=Fc/F. Area Fc is defined from expression Fc =F-FM, where FM is area of sections with completely worn-out coat. Area FM is defined as the sum of areas of surface processed sections (ΣFi) with macrostructure exposed after etching by expression (ΣFi) FM =ΣFi, where Fi is section with macrostructure exposed after etching by expression. |
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Ferromagnetic charge for arc pad welding machine parts made from iron-carbon alloys / 2448823 Invention relates to machine building and can be used to restore machine parts made from alloyed steel and cast iron. The ferromagnetic charge for arc pad welding machine parts from iron-carbon alloys, which contains carbon, ferrotitanium, ferrochromium, ferrovanadium, electrode marble, fluorpar, silicocalcium, copper powder and iron powder, additionally contains ferrovanadium and copper powder. To ensure stable arcing at low current (reducing the level of welding deformations and stress) and improve magnetic properties of the mixture, magnetic and nonmagnetic components of the charge are mixed on liquid sodium glass. |
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Method of reconditioning tillage equipment working tools with complex shape / 2443531 Invention may be used in reconditioning tillage equipment working tool surfaces with complex shape. Worn-out area is prefilled by electrodes made from wear resistant material to perform closing by fusion in one pass by electric arc manual or semiautomatic method to ensure maximum possible tracing of working surface. |
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Method of increasing life of tillage equipment working tools / 2443524 Invention may be used in reconditioning tillage equipment working tool surfaces. Rolls are welded on perpendicular to axis of beam-like wear, spaced apart for 20-30 mm to produce spacing between them. Roll height does not exceed the level of working surface of the part being reclaimed. Said spacing is filled in operation by soil that acts as anti-abrasive medium. |
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Method of reconditioning center hoes of tillage row-crop cultivators / 2443523 Invention may be used in reconditioning tillage equipment working tool surfaces. Metal stock is formed in point area and along blade length by electric arc deposition by electrode to produce buffer stock of built-up metal that allows recovery of rated sizes of hoes. Building-up may be carried out both manually and mechanically by electric arc deposition. Hoe is drawn out by hot deformation using forming mandrel that follows hoe point and blade shape. Further hardening is performed by quenching. In buffer metal building-up and drawing-out, thermal processes occur to bring about structural components that increase hardness of reconditioned zone and facilitate increasing resistance to abrasive wear. |
 Procedure for production of built-up coating on blade body of turbo-machine / 2434973Strips of alloyed metals are built-up in direction of lengthwise generatrix of blade body ensuring gaps between built-up strips at least on part of blade body and forming layer. As built-up metal there are used alloys on base of nickel with Co, Cr, Al, Mo, W, Ti, Y or their combination. Further, a blade body is mechanically processed ensuring its specified geometry. Successive thermal treatment corresponds to thermo-cycling. |
 Turbo machine labyrinth seal repair / 2432244Invention relates to recovery of turbo machine worn-out labyrinth seals and may be used in repair of various assembly units and parts with such seals, for example, vanes, carcass assembly in aircraft industry, power generation equipment and other machine building branches. Said seals are building-up welding with welding head and filler wire. Welding roll is produced on inclining welding head with filler wire toward part section that features higher heat dissipation. Note here that inclination of welding head with filler wire relative to labyrinth seal knife edge is set between planes of their symmetry to make 8-10°. |
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Surfacing method of wear-resistant coatings / 2429954 Surfacing is performed on the flux layer with wire from aluminium or its alloys. Flux containing chrome oxide and cryolite is used with the following component ratio, wt %: chrome oxide (III) 25-35, cryolite 65-75. Surfacing is performed in shielding gases in the modes allowing to obtain the coating containing 10-40 wt % of aluminium. |
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Method of building up antifriction layers / 2427455 Invention may be used in building up antifriction layers on surfaces of parts made from titanium alloys, particularly, ship fixtures. Automatic argon-arc building up of "ПТ-7М"-grade titanium alloy wire at built-up metal temperature of 1500-1550°C and roller pressure of 80-100 N. |
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Flux material for electroslag welding or facing with restoration of components or electroslag remelting / 2424091 Invention relates to welding industry, particularly to electroslag welding or facing and can be used to restore components with high mechanical wear, as well as for producing special quality tool steel via electroslag remelting. The flux material contains a scheelite concentrate as a doping and slag-forming component, with the following content of basic components, wt %: tungsten oxide 45-72, iron oxide 10-25, manganese oxide 2-10, silicon oxide 3-8, graphite as a reducing agent, calcium fluoride as a fluxing agent, baddeleyite concentrate as a modifier, with the following content of basic components, wt %: zirconium oxide 92-96, silicon oxide 4-8, with the following ratio of flux components, wt %: scheelite concentrate 65-72, baddeleyite concentrate 0.5-3.0, graphite 14-18, calcium fluoride 16-20. |
 Procedure for forming discrete welded coating on blade body of turbo-machine / 2420610Procedure consists in local pad weld of coating on at least part of blade body and in dimensional processing. Regularly distributed crossing strips are pad-welded along surface of the blade body and form a net at their crossing. |
 Method for surfacing with use of lying electrode / 2243867Method for surfacing bead of rollers of road building machines comprises steps of arranging roller in such a way that its axis is vertical; dividing surfaced zone of bead by technological sectors; forming electrodes of n mutually joined rods bent along arcs of sectors and arranging them on surfaced area of respective sector with gap; supplying flux and additive powder material to surfaced zone; connecting electrode and part with power source for exciting electric arc and performing surfacing; placing electrodes on sectors of bead simultaneously along the whole circle; electrically connecting front end of one electrode with bead; at surfacing narrow beads, forming electrodes of n mutually joined rods arranged one over another. |
FIELD: process engineering.
SUBSTANCE: invention may be used in reconditioning or producing internal combustion engine valves. Machining is carried out after valve surface cleaning and flaw detection. Seat is made by arc deposition on valve seat surface. Nickel sublayer is built up by short arc of forward polarity current in atmosphere of welding gas with forging the built-up bead at the rate not allowing metal chilling. Surface with nickel deposition is subjected to machining. Working layer of austenitic heat-resistant steel is deposited by consumable electrode with reverse polarity current and forging of every bead at the rate not allowing metal chilling. Seat working surface is subjected to finishing.
EFFECT: higher thermal fatigue strength, durability and wear resistance.
4 dwg
The invention refers to engines of internal combustion engine (ice), namely the seats valve cylinder engine.
Modern transportation internal combustion engines are characterized by high output per litre. Increase of a litre capacity is achieved mainly by increasing the average effective pressure by increasing the injection of fuel. This will inevitably increase the heat load on the details of forming the chamber of combustion, especially pistons, cylinder heads and valves, and it is their efficiency limit the further increase of capacity.
Cylinder head is the most complicated in design and the most loaded in thermal relation to the detail of the engine. The complexity of the design leads to a great imbalance of thermal loads on its individual elements. Unfavourable conditions of work, since the cylinder head has no possibility of free thermal expansion.
The most common operational defects cylinder heads is a fault seat valves: cracks on the inner surface of catastrophic wear of the working surface, the destruction and loss.
In modern domestic and foreign engines valve seats perform plug-in [p. 249-250. Orlin, A.S. Design and strength calculation piston and combined engines. / .., .., .. and others - M: Mashinostroenie, 1984. - 384 S.]. In the nests of cylinder heads of the seat or are pressed with a relative tightness, or insert a cold. A method of pressing-seat valves with tightness in the cylinder head is the most widespread. In this case, please note one significant drawback is the possibility of loss of seat of the slot head.
When the valve seat, and its subsequent replacement for repair, you must install the saddle larger diameter to provide required the interference, and this must be boring diameters of inlet and exhaust channels cylinder head under a larger diameter, thus reducing the size jumper, which is the most loaded area of the cylinder head.
It should also be noted that stamped in connection with significant stresses involves making a massive seat.
The marine, locomotive and stationary diesel engines of large dimension are used cast iron cylinder head, the openings of which valves are not equipped with seats [voznitskiy, I.V. Shipboard internal combustion engines. / .., .., ... - M: Transport, 1979. - 413 C.], [Rzhepetskii, K.L. Shipboard internal combustion engines. / .., ... - HP: Shipbuilding, 1984. - 168 C.]. Therefore, when the maximum wear holes, you must either send the head of the scrap metal, or as well as to bore holes and embed them in a false seat. Both of these options are not optimal.
In the first case, the loss of even quite efficient cylinder head and the need for acquisition of new, expensive items.
In the second case bore cylinder holes for installation of seats leads to a reduction of cross-sections in the most thermally and mechanically the loaded areas on the bottom and thereby provokes the formation of cracks thermal fatigue and between holes for valves and nozzles. In addition, we cannot exclude the probability of the inserted saddles in the process of operation of the diesel engine.
Thus, the objective of the proposed invention is a method of obtaining valves, cast iron cylinder engine in their manufacture or restoration by electric arc welding. The proposed method of manufacture or restoration will eliminate the above drawbacks arising at zapressovke seat valves in the cylinder head, and will optimally solve the problem of restoration of working capacity cylinder head. Additionally when using the proposed method to completely exclude the possibility of loss of the saddle, an increase strength the cylinder head.
The task is achieved by the fact that the manufacture or restoration of the seat valves, cast iron cylinder internal combustion engine is used method of arc welding, which would provide new properties of the working surface of the seat by a selection of different steel surfacing. Also the head of the cylinder becomes further more repairable.
The method of obtaining the saddle valve cast iron cylinder internal combustion engines in their manufacture or restoration, including cleaning of surfaces under the saddle, defectoscopy, its mechanical processing and the manufacture of saddles, produced by electric arc welding referred to the surface of the short arc straight polarity direct current with welding Nickel in the environment of welding gas, with weld platen-seam with a speed of not allowing the metal cool down, machining Nickel surface, and then surfacing of a working layer of heat-resistant austenitic steel by consumable electrode current of reverse polarity with each roller-seam with a speed of not allowing the metal cool down, and final processing of the working surface of the seat.
In figure 1, 2, 3, 4 presented plans to carry out work for obtaining a seat valves, cast iron cylinder engine in their manufacture or restoration.
The method of obtaining the saddle valve cast iron cylinder engine in their manufacture or restoration consists of preparation of the cylinder head 1 the surfacing by off saddles 2 (figure 1), cleaning, bore Seating surfaces 3 seat valves for welding Nickel in accordance with 2 and Stripping adjacent to the valve seats surfaces of a metal brush to a metallic Shine.
Poor technological weldability of grey cast iron results in the following defects: bleaching, i.e. the appearance of areas with secretions in one form or another. High hardness bleached sites practically deprives of possibility to process the cast iron cutting tool. Welding of Nickel eliminates the formation of these areas.
Surfacing sublayer is short arc current of direct polarity welding in the environment of gas with each roller-seam with a speed of not allowing the metal to cool, easy blows of metal hammer. Expendable materials - welding wire PANJ, which includes: Cu - 2,3-3%, Mn - 5-6%, Fe - 2%, Ni - the rest. Impurities not more than: Si - 0,3%, C - 0,3%, gas welding (Ar 80%, CO 2 20%).
After surfacing bore Seating surfaces, 4 seat valves in accordance with figure 3.
Next is surfacing of the working surface of the valve seat austenitic heat-resistant steel by consumable electrode (choice material is due to the unique combination of properties: high plasticity, strength, corrosion resistance and ability during operation under the action of shock valve at landing in the saddle). Before welding you must ignited electrodes at a temperature of 330-350°C for one hour. The surfacing of a working layer is made on the current of reverse polarity with each roller-seam with a speed of not allowing the metal cool down. You can then take the final machining of surfaces in contact 5 seat valves in accordance with figure 4.
The method of obtaining the saddle valve cast iron cylinder internal combustion engines in their manufacture or restoration, including clearing of a surface under the saddle, flaw detection, mechanical processing and manufacturing of the saddle, wherein the saddle produced by electric arc welding surface of the valve under the saddle, Nickel underlayer short arc straight polarity direct current welding in the environment of gas with weld platen with a speed of not allowing the metal cool down, hold machining Nickel surface, then working layer of heat-resistant austenitic steel by consumable electrode current of reverse polarity with each roller with a speed of not allowing the metal cool down, and carry out the final machining of the working surface of the seat.