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Imitator of fishes sounds

IPC classes for russian patent Imitator of fishes sounds (RU 2376758):

A01K79 - Methods or means of catching fish in bulk not provided for in groups ; A01K0069000000-A01K0077000000

Another patents in same IPC classes:

Procedure of arrangement of fishing tackle under ice and facility for this procedure (versions) / 2358425
Invention refers to industrial fishery, particularly to technical facilities for ice fishing. The procedure consists in making two holes at a distance approximately equal to the length of the fishing net; a fisherman lowers a self-propelled underwater tackle by means of a gripping appliance into the first starting hole into water under ice; a priming halyard fishing line is secured to the body of the self-propelled underwater tackle. A bitter end of the halyard is left on ice surface. Required direction of motion of the underwater tackle is set; the tackle is transferred by means of its propulsive arrangement under ice in preset direction of fishing net placing. At the end of process of transfer of the underwater tackle the second - finish hole is made. The second fisherman, who follows underwater tackle movement over the ice, continuously determines location of the tackle by listening to a device receiving emitted signals. When the underwater tackle reaches distance approximately equal to length of the fishing net, the first fisherman stops motion of the tackle by pulling the fishing line through the first hole; and the second hole is made in front along run of motion. Further the first fisherman lowers the fishing line till the underwater tackle appears in the second hole; here the second fisherman pulls it out with the gripping appliance on ice surface together with the fishing line, which has been drawn in this way between two holes. Upon following the underwater tackle signal location is performed on base of implementation of inductive coupling of the receiving device of the second fisherman and a transmitting device of the underwater tackle. The assembly of the facility consists of the gripping appliance of the underwater tackle and the underwater tackle proper with the fishing net fastened to its body, also of a screw propeller with an electric motor connected to it, of pressure tight installed switch and of electric power source, the output of which is connected to the output of the switch. Additionally a direction finder is incorporated into the assembly of the facility; the direction finder contains a receiving device with a receiving aerial connected to it, a sound indicator and a power source, the output of which via the switch is connected to the feed circuit of the receiving device, while the output of the receiving device is connected to the sound indicator. The underwater tackle additionally contains a transmitting device with a transmitting aerial connected to it and a pulse generator, the output of which is connected to the input of the transmitting device; the electric motor, feed circuits of the transmitting device and the pulse generator are connected to the second output of the switch.

Method of controlling fish behaviour / 2352111
Present invention relates to acoustic methods of stimulating motion behaviour of fish and can be used in industrial fishery and fish-breeding for attracting and concentrating fish in the area around fishing equipment with subsequent catching or for protection purposes for keeping fish in sections of a water body, favourable for growing and spawning until the of the growing and spawning period. The method of controlling fish behaviour involves generation and emission of information hydroacoustic signals in an aqueous medium, transmission of the signals to the fish and changing their behavioural characteristics. The information signals used are hydroacoustic signals with given spectral-energy and time parameters of sounds of physostomous fish in the 20-3000 Hz frequency range with sound pressure level of up to 10 Pa/1 m, depending on the species composition of the fish on which the signals are directed. Hydroacoustic information signals with given parameters act on the behaviour of fish on an unconditional-reflex level and arouses their adequate reaction to move to the sound source.

Device for aerating water, concentration and fishing / 2351127
Proposed device consists of direct-flow dead-end channel, aerator-flow developer and a trap. The direct-flow dead-end channel has a fish-receiving chamber and two aerator-flow developers. One aerator is fitted on the channel in front of the inlet of the fish-receiving chamber. The second aerator-flow developer with the same or less power and the trap are located in the channel at the outlet of the fish-receiving chamber. The seine fishing ground is inside the fish-receiving chamber. The fish-receiving chamber is formed by widening and deepening the direct-flow dead-end channel. The dead-end channel lies between the first and second aerator-flow developers.

Fishing tackle / 2343705
Tackle consists of an impounding part which includes a harvesting cloth and a net bag, which are made of water-permeable material, a top rope, a footrope the middle part of which is horizontal and conjugated with vertical end sections, baffles and lead weights. Tackle is provided with a vertical symmetry axis, and height of the harvesting cloth exceeds the height of the net bag mouth. Harvesting cloth is equipped with a load-bearing frame which includes at least one horizontal ledger and at least two vertical ledgers. Lower edge of the net bag mouth coincides with horizontal ledger positioned along upper rope. Ends of that rope are connected with lower rope, above its horizontal section, and ends of vertical ropes are connected with lower angles of the net bag mouth and the appropriate extreme points of horizontal section of lower rope. Sector of the harvesting cloth, which is located between horizontal rope and vertical rope corresponding to it, is made in the form of a right triangle.

Squid fishery method and device for its implementation / 2338374
Method implies concentrating the fishery targets simultaneously by light and sound; sound signals are sonar signals imitating signals of physostomous fish (pilchards, anchovies, smelts etc.) on which squids are feeding. Additionally squid visual and auditory receptors are affected by generating moving air bubbles and moving bionoise field imitating horizontal and vertical moving of fish signals in the centreline plane under the ship hull. Additionally a bubble screen is produced under the ship hull to absorb partially energy of hydroacoustic signals generated by the ship hull. Device for the method implementation comprises compressed air source with control unit at the outlet, pneumatic fish signal emitters sequentially connected by flexible pipes, return valves and receivers with the volume exceeding the previous one. The receivers are fitted with flexible cases and made of elastic material; each receiver is equipped with a sinker with the weight exceeding the previous one. Compressed air source with control unit are placed on the ship and pneumatic fish signal emitters are placed under the ship hull in the centreline plane.

Method of scaring away marine mammals from fishing gears / 2335124
Invention relates to industrial fishery, namely to methods of scaring away marine mammals from fishing gears full of fish and molluscs. The method is based on forming and transmitting pulse information and energy signals to generate energy field around fishing gears. Pulse information and energy signals are light signals, produced by intermittent light sources, and electric signals generated by electrodes. Throughout the process pulse light signals dazzle marine mammals and electric signals shock them with pain scaring the mammals away and forcing them to leave fishing gears. Generation of energy field implies passing fishing gears through underwater malgoger which is connected to bottom ends of electric cables with pulse lighters and electrodes.

Method of sea hydrobiont catching positively reacting to light / 2328116
Method includes search of hydrobiont congestions, vessel statement in drift, hydrobiont concentrating under the vessel hull, catching hydrobiont by storeys. Fishing of congestions is carried out under the hull of one or several vessels consistently on different horizons of congestion by several stripping tools of catching in steps lowered on all thickness of congestion of sea hydrobiont.

Method of fishing / 2325804
Invention refers to the sphere of commercial fishing dealing with methods of catching hydrobionts as attracted by light with the help of fish pump equipment. The process includes submerging the catchment unit of the fish pump installation equipped with luminaries and fish pump hoses, switching on the luminaries, attracting fish to the area being lit, actuating the fish pump, suction and rehandling of catch on board the ship. The electric luminaries, equipped with reflectors and positioned above the catchment unit generate converging uniaxial light fluxes. The area of light is thus matched to coincide with the fish concentration zone and the fish pump catchment unit suction area. Fishing efficiency is improved due to maximally accurate coincidence of areas of fish concentration and pump suction.

Method of electrification of trawls and device for realization of this method / 2304385
Proposed method consists in securing the electric power source in towing line in vicinity of trawl wing for supplying the electric current to system of electrodes located on trawl net envelope. Two independent power sources are secured at trawl wings on standard points of location of depressors. Wires supplying pulse current are connected to electrical connectors on control units of power sources; electrical fields formed by them are used for control of fish behavior in the course of fishing. Device proposed for realization of this method includes electric current generator driven by impeller actuated by energy of water incoming flow. It is placed in metal watertight housing and is provided with three-phase induction AC generator, bipolar current pulse oscillator, voltage, frequency and pulse duration control unit. Control unit is provided with single-contact connectors for connecting the wires running from electrodes on net section of trawl.

Method for controlling sea mammal behavior in fishing / 2248008
Method involves building and emitting information and energy sonar signals for controlling sea mammal behavior (including sea mammals having no natural predators) when catching fish in great volume of aquatic medium. The control actions are done in effective and short-term manner in frequency bandwidth restricted with frequency bandwidth being maximum sensitivity to fishes selected as fishing object. The information signals are built in unit for producing information signals in the channel for producing and emitting information signals being like sonar signals emitted by selected fishing equipment, fishing-boat body, systems and mechanisms when moving to fishing area or setting fishing gears. At the same time, several autonomous marine systems are installed and set in operation far from fishing area in water column at different horizons by switching on electric current. Light emission signals are sent at the same time according to program executed by the unit for producing and amplifying information signals. The sonar signals and light signals have an effect upon sea mammals and modify their behavior characteristics.

Trap for fish and other hydrobionts (versions) / 2266644
Four versions of traps are described, which contain netted web, rod-type carcass with rods pivotally connected with their proximate ends to central pivot hinge, and strap system for setting of netted web and lifting of trap. Strap system comprises straps secured with each other by their upper ends at securing point and connected with outer ends of rods. According to first version, strap system is further equipped with central strap, whose lower end is fixed on central pivotal means and on whose upper end is fixed guiding sleeve with straps having been passed therethrough for sliding, said straps extending from point where said straps are connected to rods outer ends for providing fast bringing thereof together and reliable holding of outer ends of rods. According to second version, straps secured with their upper ends to one another are passed for sliding through eyelets provided on outer ends of rods, and are fixed with their lower ends in the vicinity of proximate ends of rods. Netted web is set on strap branches between point of securing and eyelets, and on strap branches between eyelets and point of securing of their lower ends. Trap is therefore used as small-sized vertical bottom net. Strap system of third and fourth versions includes straps for successive connection of outer ends of rods, with netted web being set on said straps at site below said rods. According to third version, straps secured to one another with their upper ends are passed for sliding through eyelets at outer ends of rods and are successively fixed with their lower ends on ends of adjacent rods. Netted web is set on thus formed strap branches to allow netted web to be removed from carcass for extraction of fish caught. According to forth version, additional vertical netted web is set on strap branches arranged between point of securing thereof with outer ends of rods, and also on rods, said straps being connected with ends of said rods. So, one netted web serves as horizontal net and other netted web serves as vertical net to thereby increase reliability in determining of pecking and fish holding time.

Method for controlling behavior of sea mammals during fishing / 2271022
Method includes masking low frequency hydro-acoustic signals of fishing ship selecting device, at least one false supporting buoy with or without catching implement is mounted, which emits high frequency hydro-acoustic signals, connected to mark or marking buoy, which emit light signals, decrease noticeability of fishing ship for sea mammals of working fishing implements, decrease noticeability of fishing ship for sea mammals during picking up working catching implements due to decreasing broadband hydrodynamic signals of steering device of fishing ship and decrease of broadband hydrodynamic signals of driving shaft of fishing ship, light signals of fishing ship are disabled, broadband hydro-acoustic signals of picked up fishing implement are masked by emitting broadband hydro-acoustic signals by hydro-acoustic transformer, hydro-acoustic signals of ultrasound frequencies spectrum are emitted by several hydro-acoustic transformers.

Method of energizing electrodes for directional movement of fish / 2273991
Method comprises energizing one-row sectional electrode system separated with pulses. The negative voltage pulse is supplied alternately to one of the sections of the electrodes, and this section is converted into the cathode. The positive voltage pulse is fed to the other sections of the electrodes, which are not adjacent to the cathode, and they are converted into the anodes. According to the first version, the positive voltage pulse is fed to the all other sections of the electrodes, and they are converted into the anodes, excluding the sections adjacent to the cathode section of the electrodes. According to the second version, the positive voltage pulse is alternately fed to the even sections, and the even section is then converted into the cathode, or to the uneven sections of the electrodes, and the next even section is then converted into the cathode. According to the first version the number of the sections should be no less than 10, and according to the second version the number of sections should be no less than 18-20.

Method for controlling behavior of sea mammals during fishing / 2276386
Method is based on generation, amplification and emission of signals, influence of signals on sea mammals and changing their behavioral characteristics, as signals, broadband hydro-acoustic signals are utilized, emitted by selected catching tools, body of fishing ship, and also shipborne systems and mechanisms, including selecting devices of fishing ships, busy with other forms of catching, while aforementioned broadband hydro-acoustic signals are also emitted by means of spatially distributed broadband hydro-acoustic emitters, positioned on body of fishing ship, also emitted are three tonal hydro-acoustic signals in ultrasound frequencies range and tonal electromagnetic signal in ultrasound frequencies range, emitted towards wake area of fishing ship, and additionally performed is forming, below water, of curtain made of air bubbles with diameters close to resonance energy consumption frequencies of hydro-acoustic signals, emitted by selected catching tool and selecting devices of fishing ship.

Catching device for electric light fishing / 2278510
Proposed device has funnel with bell-like end with suction zone created by water flow and narrow end connected with fish intake hose. Device is furnished with load unit and lamps to create light field attracting fish to inlet hole of funnel. Funnel is made profiled in meridional section with inner streamlined surface, with inlet diameter at bell-like end providing position of suction zone border close to inlet hole. Lamps creating light field are displaced in direction of flow behind suction zone and they partly project into funnel space. Outer part of lamps is covered with cases non-transparent for light.

Method for aeration of water and concentration and catching of fish / 2286672
Method involves establishing aerators-flow formers in the vicinity of basins; saturating water with oxygen using flow baffles; attracting fish into aeration zone, with following catching of fish or keeping on water landing area of underfeed basin up to the end of underfeed period; concentrating fish by means of one or two aerators-flow formers whose flows are directed onto basin bank or to construction positioned on basin and made in the form of sloping arc providing for baffling of oxygen-saturated water into open space of basin and slowing down its velocity, and spreading zone. Intensive oxygen saturation of water is enabled by reciprocating small amount of water from flow baffle to aeration zone on water landing area of basin.

Fish catching apparatus / 2287267
Fish catching apparatus has flow forming device and catching device positioned within working zone of flow forming device. Catching device has two fixed nets positioned in zones with substantial back flow, one of said nets being positioned at left side and other net at right side relative to water flow generated by flow forming device. Fixed nets are located at ends of wing which intersects water flow at right angle. Entrance leading into reservoir of one fixed net is positioned opposite entrance leading into reservoir of other fixed net.

Water aeration, fish concentration and catching method / 2294635
Method involves establishing aerator-flow generator in direct-flow channel whose front part is communicating with basin and rear part is made dead ended; generating oxygen-saturated water flow and attracting fish into aeration zone, followed by catching fish or retaining fish in basin area up to the end of perishing period; positioning aerator-flow generator on surface and additionally setting catch; adjusting oxygen content in channel and in lake portion adjoining thereto by reducing or increasing distance from aerator-flow generator to leading part of channel.

Calamaries catching method / 2300884
Method involves searching for calamaries accumulations; providing ship driftage using floating anchor and sail; positioning vertical lines; switching-on light bunch; catching calamaries in lines. Purse net is used as floating anchor. Calamaries are additionally caught using purse net after taking up of lines.

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: imitator contains pipe for supply of compressed air from source, accumulating chamber for accumulation of compressed air with control volume, nozzle with channels for air passage and mechanism of air portioning, having valve, and resonator in the form of cylinder, communicated to nozzle by means of channel. Nozzle outside has bevel truncated side surface, which ends with sharp circular ledge. On side surface of nozzle in non-bevel non-truncated part of it there is a circular bore. In bore there is a toroidal rubber ring. Cylindrical shell of resonator is arranged as elastic and is pressed with internal surface from one side to toroidal rubber ring and bevel truncated side surface of nozzle. On the other side cylindrical shell is pressed to side surface of nozzle, in wall of which there are exhaust holes, which are covered with elastic shell. Volume of air cavity produced by cylindrical shell of resonator, is arranged as adjustable and equal to volume of fish air bladder, onto which action of imitator signals is directed. Nozzle is installed on pipe for supply of compressed air with the possibility of axial displacement and fixation in required position.

EFFECT: such design makes it possible to develop radiation of sounds of physostomous fishes as maximally approximate to natural sounds produced by organs of physostomous fishes, and also possibility to control parametres of radiated sounds depending on size species composition of fishes and to increase reliability of device start-up.

4 cl, 3 dwg

The invention relates to the field of hydro-acoustics, in particular sonar devices to simulate the sounds of fish, and can be used in the fishing industry to attract and concentrate fish at fishing and for fish protection.

Currently, there are many constructions of sound-emitting devices for attracting and concentrating the fish in order to intensify their craft. Almost all of these devices are based on the conversion of electrical signals into acoustic, i.e. the formation of signals electronically, their subsequent amplification and reproduction in aquatic environment via electro-acoustic transducer.

It is known, for example, sonar device simulator sounds of fish for concentrations of fish within range of fishing gear (Patent RU №2182765, CL AC 79/00, 2002). Simulator sounds of fish consists of an electronic processing unit, power supply and amplifier in a single chassis, connected by cable with sonar transducer in the form of a piezoceramic head spherical shape, which are attached to positive buoyancy.

Electronic device for simulating the signals of fish are traditional. Another example can serve as a sonar device for attracting fish and squid thiscollection (Fish Collector). The base model serially produced is of icollector (FC-12) consists of a surface unit, containing the signal generator, the power amplification electric power and the tape cassette type recordset sound signals and automatic switching tracks, and underwater piezoelectric or electrodynamic emitter with cable (Solovova L.A. the Application of underwater acoustics to control the behavior of fish in the coastal fisheries. // I. commercial fisheries. M: TSNIITMASH, 1978. 2), p.21-23). Later, the tape recorder was replaced by digital media with the possibility of programming and recharge the device memory audio files with any content (US Patent No. 5177891, CL AC 79/02, 1993). There is also known a method and apparatus for influencing the behavior of aquatic animals using sound signals under water, based on the electronic formation of signals of different frequencies using a frequency synthesizer, transmission and reproduction under water using an underwater transducer (Patent US No 5883858, CL AC 79/00, 1999).

The main disadvantage of all of the above and similar hydroacoustic devices for attracting and concentrating the fish is the fact that these replicas are not effectively generate the sounds of fish under water, as it does not provide broadband spectrum emitted by it sounds, characteristic of most biological signals of fish. Due to resonant the different properties of electroacoustic transducers of the device, created on their basis, are ineffective, especially in the low frequency range below 1 kHz, the corresponding field hearing of the majority of commercial fish. Low-frequency resonance can be achieved only with large dimensions of the active element simulator, which complicates its use in the fishery and, in addition, requires a high cost and power consumption of such a Converter.

Closest to the claimed invention, the essential features and achieved technical result is a device for simulating the sounds of fish, including a pipe for supplying compressed air from its source, accumulating chamber for accumulating compressed air with adjustable volume nozzle with channels for the passage of air and portioning mechanism with air valve, and a resonator in the form of a cylinder of elastic material with a hole in the side surface of the overlapped element of elastic material, made in the form of a petal, communicated with a nozzle through channel (copyright certificate №1443224, CL AC 79/00, G10K 9/04, publ. 10.09.98).

The disadvantage of this device is the lack of efficiency of radiation sounds of fish due to the fact that the mechanism of formation of sound in the well-known simulator is substantially different from the natural is dressed radiation signals from atkritumu fish, as well as the inability to control parameters of the emitted sounds that it is not possible to obtain pulsed sound signals with predetermined spectrum and level, depending on the size (species) composition of fish that are being targeted impact. In addition, at low pressures of air in the line, necessary to simulate signals small atkritumu fish, the frictional force of the walls of the valve in the annular seal is close or equal to the difference of the force action on the valve from the accumulation chamber and forces backwater, which leads to instability mechanism portioning air.

The problem solved by the invention is a device with a radiation sounds atkritumu fish closest to the proposed device to the natural sounds produced by organs atkritumu fish, as well as the ability to control the parameters of the emitted sounds, depending on the size (species) composition of fish, and improve the reliability of a start.

This result is achieved in that in the simulator sounds of fish, containing a pipe for supplying compressed air from a source collection chamber for accumulation of compressed air with an adjustable volume, a nozzle with channels for the passage of air and portioning mechanism with air valve, and a resonator in the form of a cylinder of elastic material, is reported with a nozzle through channel, according to the invention the nozzle outside has a beveled (truncated) lateral surface, ending in a sharp annular ledge. In addition, on the side surface of the nozzle in uncut (uncut) part is made annular groove, which has a toroidal rubber ring, and the cylindrical shell of the resonator is made of elastic and pressed against the inner surface from one side to the toroidal rubber ring and beveled (truncated) side surface of the nozzle, and on the other side surface of the nozzle, the wall of which is made exhaust holes, overlapping the elastic shell.

The volume of the air cavity formed by the cylindrical shell of the resonator, is made adjustable and is equal to the volume of the swimming bladder of fish, to whom the influence of the signals of the simulator. For this purpose the nozzle is installed on the pipe for compressed air with the possibility of axial movement and fixation in the desired position.

In addition, the simulator is equipped with a removable toroidal rubber rings of various thickness.

Preferably, the side surface of the nozzle was performed with truncated within 15-30°.

And, finally, the valve mechanism portioning air is made in the form of a piston having end surfaces of various sizes and an axial hole, connecting the e vozduhovodnogo pipe and collection chamber, installed between the two diaphragms clamped on the edge and attached to the piston by screws with the possibility of axial movement of the piston, with one of the screws is made throttling.

Distinctive features of the prototype features of the claimed device are the following:

1. Nozzle outside has a truncated lateral surface, ending in a sharp annular ledge.

2. On the side surface of the nozzle in the non-truncated part is made annular groove, which has a toroidal rubber ring.

3. The cylindrical shell of the resonator is made of elastic and pressed against the inner surface from one side to the toroidal rubber ring and the truncated side surface of the nozzle, and on the other side surface of the nozzle, the wall of which is made exhaust holes, overlapping the elastic shell.

4. The volume of the air cavity formed by an elastic cylindrical shell, is made adjustable and is equal to the volume of the swimming bladder of fish, to whom the influence of the signals of the simulator. For this purpose the nozzle is installed on the pipe for compressed air with the possibility of axial movement and fixation in the desired position.

5. The simulator is further provided with a removable toroidal rubber rings of various thickness.

6. The valve mechanism portioning ozdoba made in the form of a piston, with the end faces of various sizes and an axial hole which connects vozduhovodnogo pipe and collection chamber installed between the two diaphragms clamped on the edge and attached to the piston by screws with the possibility of axial movement of the piston, with one of the screws is made throttling.

The presence of the distinctive features of the prototype features allows you to make a conclusion on the compliance of the claimed device, the criterion of "novelty".

Thus, the presence of new significant features in conjunction with the known provides the appearance of the proposed solutions new properties that do not match the properties of the known technical solutions to ensure the similarity of the mechanisms of sound generation in the proposed device in the sound-producing organs atkritumu fish, as well as the ability to control the parameters of the emitted sounds, depending on the size (species) composition of fish in the interests of improving the effectiveness of their impact on the behavior of fish.

In this case, we have a new set of features and their new relationship, and not easy integration of new features and is already known in the technical hydro-acoustics, namely the execution device in the proposed sequence, which leads to a new effect, which allows to make a conclusion about whether the elaborately is the first device to the criterion of "significant differences".

This combination of shared and distinctive essential features provides technical result in all cases to which is sought legal protection. It is this set of essential features have allowed us to develop the simulator sounds of the fish to control the behavior of fish in the process of fishing.

Based on the above we can conclude that all the essential features that characterize the simulator sounds of fish, have a causal relationship with the achieved technical result, i.e. provide technical result in all cases to which the requested scope of legal protection simulator sounds of fish. Thanks to this combination of essential features, it became possible to solve the problem.

Therefore, the claimed invention is new, as is not obvious from the prior art and suitable for industrial applications.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of the proposed simulator sounds of fish in a static state;

figure 2 shows the bodies of vukobratovi atkritumu fish, explaining the similarity of the mechanism of signal generation in the proposed device in the sound-producing organs of the fish;

figure 3 presents the generalized spectral-energy is their signal characteristics of some commercial atkritumu fish;

figure 4 illustrates the spectral and energy characteristics of the inventive simulator sounds of fish obtained experimentally.

The device presented in figure 1, contains a collection chamber (receiver) 1 with the cover 2, the nozzle 3 with channels for the passage of air 4 and portioning mechanism of the air pipe 5 for supplying compressed air from a source (not shown), which can be fixed nozzle 6, the tensioner 7 and clamping nut 8, is made with the possibility of axial movement and fixation, as well as the flange 9 for fixing the fence 10. The nozzle 3 from the outside has a sharp annular ledge 11. On the side of the nozzle 3 in the uncut parts are made annular groove 12, which is equipped with a removable toroidal rubber ring 13. The resonator is made in the form of a cylindrical shell 14 of elastic material (e.g. rubber) and is fastened on one side to the side surface of the nozzle 3, and a side surface of the nozzle 6, the wall of which is made of the exhaust holes 15, overlapped elastic cylindrical shell 14. The receiver 1 may be made in the form of a cylinder with adjustable volume or equipped with interchangeable cylinders having different volume.

The valve mechanism portioning air contains placed in the body of the nozzle 3, the piston 16 having end surfaces of various sizes and sawoe hole, the annular ledge 17 formed by the end surface of the cap 2, and two elastic diaphragms 18, clamped on the edge with the possibility of axial movement of the piston 16 and is attached to the piston 16 by screws 19 with holes, one of which made a choking.

The device operates as follows.

Compressed air from a source (not shown in figure 1) is supplied through the inlet pipe 5 and tightly presses the piston 16 and the diaphragm 18 in the nozzle 3 to the annular projection 17 of the cover 2, closing the output from receiver 1. Through the throttling screw hole 19 of the receiver 1 is gradually filled with compressed air. To ensure the Autonomous start the simulator, the area of the annular surface formed by the protrusion 17 in the cover 2, are selected in such a way that when reaching into the receiver 1 pressure exceeding the force of the overpressure piston 16 from vozduhovodnogo pipe 5, there is separation of the diaphragm 18 with the piston 16 from the ledge 17 and their movement in the axial direction. In the resulting gap is supplied compressed air from the receiver 1, the area on which the pressure of the air increases to the diameter of the end surface of the piston 16. In this position the compressed air passes through the openings 4 in the cover 2 and the nozzle 3.

In the original (static) state of the cylindrical shell 14 and the inner surface elastically pressed against the annular projection 11 and the donut is gnome rubber ring 13 on the side surface of the nozzle 3. When the pressure of air supplied from receiver 1 becomes larger than the elastic force of the pressing of the cylindrical shell 14, the air begins to flow through the channel formed by the conjunction of the annular projection 11 of the nozzle 3, a rubber ring 13 and the elastic sheath 14.

With the passage of the air through the channel due to the differential velocity distribution of the air flow in the place of its direct contact with the shell 14 in a more free layer there are two opposite tendencies, which is that one power, similar to the lifting force of the wing of the aircraft, causing the displacement of the shell 14 in one direction, and the force of elasticity of the shell 14 in another. In conjunction with the turbulence (vortices)arising from the leakage currents of air in a sharp annular ledge 11, this causes the unsteadiness of the flow and fluctuation (vibration) of the shell 14 similar to the phenomenon of flutter in aircraft. By choosing appropriately the characteristics of elasticity (degree of tension) shell 14, the thickness of the ring 13 and the pressure of the supplied air, you can enter the vibration of the walls of the shell 14 in the mode of self-oscillations. The vibrations have a resonant character, and the resonance frequency depends on flow rate and pressure of air flowing under the elastic sheath 14. In other words, the elastic walls of the shell 14 modulate the air Botox frequency, defined section of the channel, the degree of tension of the shell 14 and the speed of flow. Occur in the channel elastic vibrations of the walls of the shell 14 are radiated into the water at the frequency of modulation of the air flow.

Cylindrical shell 14 has a maximum tension in her touch toroidal ring 13 mounted in the annular groove 12 on the side surface of the nozzle 3. In the initial state of the elastic wall of the shell 14 and the ring 13 are blocking the flow of air in the air cavity formed by the shell 14 between the rubber ring 13 and the nozzle 6. When the pressure in the channel becomes greater than the elastic force of the pressing shell 14, the air passes between the rubber ring 13 and the inner surface of the elastic membrane 14. Formed between the ring 13 and the shell 14, the air flow creates a dynamic pressures, which, according to the Bernoulli law, decreases static pressure. The elastic walls of the shell 14 immediately block the flow of air in the air cavity, and then the cycle repeats. As a result, in the air cavity created periodic changes in pressure of a pulsating nature. These pressure changes are oscillatory in nature, because it is caused by the constant inflow of air through the channel. The duration of the cycle (the frequency of interruption of the air flow) can regulirovaniya changes in air pressure (flow rate) and the elastic force of the pressure (tension) of the shell 14 by means of tensioner 7. Fluctuations in air pressure when the spatial resonances of the system (if the oscillation frequency coincides with the natural frequency of the air cavity) is called the effective ripple casing wall 14 and the radiation in the water of the sound at the frequency corresponding to the dimensions of the air cavity and the pressure of air in it. Continuous excitation of the shell 14 during the radiation signal is provided by the discharge of air from the resonant cavity through the exhaust holes 15 in the side surface of the nozzle 6, the overlapped elastic membrane 14.

When the force acting on the end surface of the piston 16 from the side of the receiver 1 becomes smaller than the power of the overpressure piston 16 from vozduhovodnogo pipe 5, the piston 16 moves in the axial direction and again tightly presses the diaphragm 18 to the annular projection 17 of the cover 2, closing the air outlet of the receiver 1. Then the cycle repeats.

In the process of conducting repeated measurements it was found that the best results are achieved when the angle truncation of the lateral surface of the nozzle 3 is in the range of 15-30°.

The analysis below explains the similarity of the mechanism of signal generation in the proposed device in the sound-producing organs of the fish.

Atkritumu fish that include salmon (salmonidae) and herring (clupeidae), swim bladder of razvivaetsa the dorsal mesentery, in the oesophagus and stomach and is connected with the external environment (Stroganov, MS Environmental physiology of fishes. - M.: Moscow state University, 1962).

The structure of the internal organs in salmonids presented on figa. Swim bladder 20 salmon has a considerable size (up to 200 ml) and is located under the spine 21 and 22 kidney over the stomach 23 (Naprosyn, A., Kulikova NI Authorities vukobratovi in salmonids. // The. the Ichthyol. M., 1975. - T.15. - Issue 3(92). - S-543). It has the form of an elongated tube with a bulge in the middle and an open entrance from the side of the head. In this place he goes to a thin tube with a diameter of 1.5-2 mm long, 2-3 cm, which is connected with muscles of the throat 24 and ends with duct ductus pneumaticus 25 surrounded by the muscles of the sphincter ductus pneumaticus 26. The back part of the bladder 20 is associated muscle bundle 27 anal fin 28. Here to bladder 20 dorsal approach of blood vessels and branches of the sympathetic and vagus nerves 29.

Swim bladder 30 herring (figb) has a spindle shape with an expanded Central portion and gradually tapering towards the posterior end (Portly GV Morphological features of the structure of the bladder herring as vukovarsirmium apparatus. "Izv. TINRO. - 1975. - T. - P.35-37). The rear end 31 of the bladder 30 is opened to the outside duct ostium genitale 32, with the end m the school sphincter ostium genitale 33. In addition, the extended part of the bubble 30 departs narrow pneumatic duct ductus pneumaticus 34 connected with the blind outgrowth of the stomach 35 and esophagus.

As shown by morphological analysis, swim bladders of salmon and herrings do not have the specialized muscle structures for the production of sounds. Striated muscle tissue surrounding the swim bladder, salmon and a smooth circular muscles of herrings are weak and not able to cause volumetric oscillations of the bladder.

On the other hand, Otkrytoye fish have elastic pneumatic ducts and sphincter of education with muscled for periodic messages bladder with the external environment (ductus pneumaticus - salmon and ostium genitale - herring). The applicant suggested and proved it experimentally that at a certain pressure of air in the swimming bladder, arbitrarily regulated power compression of the walls of the bladder body muscles and the degree of locking of the muscular sphincter, the valve opens and the air channel duct comes out. At the moment of appearance of the air flow in the channel, in accordance with the Bernoulli law, creates the dynamic pressure and the static pressure drops. In the force that presses the wall of the sphincter muscle, periodically block the channel duct than the periods of the practical changes of the air pressure in the swimming bladder, which, if the frequency of interruption of the air stream in the same order as the natural frequency of the bubble, causing the effective ripple of the bladder at the frequency corresponding to its resonant size and air pressure in it. As a result the water is distributed acoustic wave (sound) pressure at the resonant frequency of the swimming bladder of fish.

Otkrytiye fish can produce sounds through the capture and transfer of atmospheric air in the swim bladder. When this radiation mechanism is similar. Due to muscle weakening of the sphincter ductus pneumaticus the air duct passes into the cavity of the bladder, causing volumetric oscillations at the natural frequency, as shown above.

Calculated values of the resonant frequencies of the bladder (N=5 m): chum f_p=120-180 Hz, salmon f_p=250-320 Hz, herring f_p=350-420 Hz, sardine f_p=450-510 Hz. The boundaries of the calculated values of the resonant frequencies correspond to maximum and minimum size swimming bubbles measured in fish.

Figure 3 shows the generalized spectral characteristics of the signals atkritumu fish chum 1, pink 2, herring 3 and sardines 4, the author obtained experimentally. The ordinate axis shows the sound pressure levels (P) of fish signals in decibels relative to 2·10^-5PA. As IDNO, spectra of signals atkritumu fish have similar shape and are concentrated in two specific sub-bands (intervals) frequency with the maximum energy, respectively, each species of fish. Thus the calculated values of the natural oscillations of the bladder correspond exactly to the first frequency sub-band with the maximum energy of the spectrum. Characteristic for all species the distribution of spectral energy signals in two frequency sub-bands associated with the simultaneous participation in zvukoobrabotki bladder and an air duct with a muscular sphincter.

With the passage of the air channel duct due to the differential distribution of the air velocity of the elastic wall of the duct and the surrounding muscle tissue modulate the air flow with a frequency determined by the cross section of the channel and the velocity of the flow (as shown in the inventive device). The resulting resonant oscillations (vibrations) of the walls of the duct are transmitted into the water with small losses, because the surrounding tissue of fish, essentially transparent to sound, and the spectrum is observed an increase of the sound pressure level at the frequency of modulation of the air flow (the second frequency sub-band with the maximum energy of the spectrum in figure 3).

Frequency deviation within the allocated sub-bands of the spectrum is characteristic what I most fish signals, is determined that the air pressure in the swimming bladder (hence its volume) depends on the degree of compression (attenuation) locking of the muscles of the sphincter and therefore can vary. The same factors are determined by the cross section of the channel (duct) and the speed of the flow of air from it. Changing these parameters in different parts of the signal changes the frequency of the pulsations of the bladder (the first frequency pediatan) and frequency modulation of the air flow in the channel (the second subrange), which causes the shift of the frequency components in the respective zones of the spectrum signals of fish.

The mechanism zvukooperatory atkritumu fish is an oscillator sound, in which the role of energy source does modulated flow of compressed air, and the oscillating system - swimming bubble, representing the resonator. It is obvious that the positive feedback needed to generate sustained oscillations, carry out the surrounding muscle and bone fish, which are mechanically connected between an oscillatory system and the energy source.

Thus, the mechanism of formation of sound atkritumu fish is the same as in the proposed device, unlike the prototype, which is based on another model of radiation, according to the air cavity, the OBR is used swim bladder excited with the adjacent muscles (element of elastic material in the form of a petal).

When conducting acoustic measurements in marine conditions, it was found that the simulation signals atkritumu fish and the claimed device that implements the mechanism of sound generation atkritumu fish, provide radiation of acoustic signals with predetermined shape, amplitude, duration and spectrum. Figure 4 shows the amplitude-time response (a) and the spectral and energy characteristics (dynamic range) (b) signal simulator sounds of fish, in particular sounds chum 36 (see figure 3). The nature of the envelope and the duration of the signal simulator is typical for bio-measurement atkritumu fish. The sound pressure level signal simulator, reduced to 1 m, 3-5 PA (103-108 dB/2·10^-5PA) on the dominant frequency.

In the spectrum of the radiated signal 37, 38, 39 there are two sub-bands of frequencies, in which are concentrated the energy of the signal: 100-300 Hz and 400 to 800 Hz. In fact, there is a redistribution of the dominant frequencies in these bands of spectrum in different parts of the signal. Such spectral energy distribution and behavior of the frequency components of the dynamic range of the signals of the simulator has an absolute similarity with the biological characteristics of fish signals and the temperature is raised due to the proximity of the mechanism of sound generation in the proposed device in the sound-producing organs atkritumu fish.

Construction simulator sounds of fish provided by the adjustable parameters of the emitted sound by changing the volume of the air cavity, the degree of tension of the shell and the channel cross section, modulating the air flow and air pressure under the membrane and the air flow rate depending on the size (species) of fish. This regulation provides for the transfer of the spectral energy of the simulated signals in frequency sub-bands corresponding to the spectral and energy characteristics of those signals atkritumu fish, which are aimed at impact (see figure 3).

Thus, the proposed device makes it possible to radiate a pulse of sound signals with a predetermined shape, spectrum and level, similar to the signals atkritumu fish of various size (species) composition. The signals of the simulator have a positive effect on fish on course-reflex level and cause them to react appropriately attraction to the sound source. Emitting these signals, you can control the behavior of swarm atkritumu fish at fishing and for fish protection.

1. Simulator sounds of fish, containing a pipe for supplying compressed air from a source collection chamber for accumulation of compressed air with an adjustable volume, a nozzle with channels for the passage of air and portioning mechanism of the air is within the valve, and the resonator in the form of a cylinder provided with a nozzle through channel, wherein the nozzle outside has a beveled truncated lateral surface, ending in a sharp annular protrusion on the side surface of the nozzle in uncut uncut parts are made annular groove, which has a toroidal rubber ring, with the cylindrical shell of the resonator is made of elastic and pressed against the inner surface from one side to the toroidal rubber ring and the beveled lateral surface of a truncated nozzle, and on the other side surface of the nozzle, the wall of which has an exhaust hole, covered elastic membrane, in addition, the volume of the air cavity formed by the cylindrical shell of the resonator, is made adjustable and is equal to the volume of the swimming bladder of fish, are sent to the influence of the signals of the simulator, for which the nozzle is mounted on the pipe for compressed air with the possibility of axial movement and fixation in the desired position.

2. The simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the truncation of the side surface of the nozzle is made within 15-30°.

3. The simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a removable toroidal rubber rings of various thickness.

4. The simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the valve mechanism portion of the of the air in the form of piston, with the end faces of various sizes and an axial hole which connects vozduhovodnogo pipe and collection chamber installed between the two diaphragms clamped on the edge and attached to the piston by screws with the possibility of axial movement of the piston, with one of the screws is made throttling.