Searchlight

FIELD: lighting engineering.

SUBSTANCE: searchlight comprises Fresnel lens, reflector, lamp, and at least one additional Fresnel lens. The additional Fresnel lens is made of a lens with negative focus distance and, hence, is a dispersing lens having virtual focus point. The distance (a) between the Fresnel lens and reflector can be changed in correlation with the distance (b) between the lamp and reflector on the basis of the aperture angle determined for the light beam. The virtual focusing point of the dispersing lens is positioned out of the unit of the Fresnel lens, and it can be in coincidence with the focusing point of the reflector that is located far from the reflector. The Fresnel lens is made of a double-concave dispersing lens and has double lens with chromatically corrected characteristics of imaginary. The searchlight has Fresnel lens with integrated diffusion round window that is positioned at the Fresnel lens center and defines the system for mixing light which changes the ratio of the scattered light to the reflected light. The distance (b) can be controlled by moving the lamp with respect to the top of the reflector. The reflector is made of metallic or transparent dielectric material, preferably glass or/and plastic, and represents an ellipsoidal reflector. The Fresnel lens is coated with the dielectric interference layers that change the light spectrum passing through them. The auxiliary reflector is interposed between the Fresnel lens and reflector.

EFFECT: reduced sizes and efficiency.

20 cl, 8 dwg

The technical field to which the invention relates.

The present invention relates to the spotlight with Fresnel lens with adjustable angle of aperture of the emitted light beam containing the reflector, the lamp and at least one Fresnel lens.

The level of technology

Normal lights with Fresnel lens, which are used for illumination, typically include a lamp, Fresnel lens and an auxiliary spherical reflector. The filament of the lamp is usually placed essentially in a fixed position in the focus of the spherical reflector. As a result, a part of the light radiated by the lamp is reflected back at her, which ensures the light emitted in the forward hemisphere. The light directed forward, focused by the Fresnel lens. The degree of focusing of the light, however, depends on the distance between the Fresnel lens and the lamp. When the filament of the lamp is located in the focal point of the Fresnel lens, get the narrow beam of light. Receive mode quasiparallel the path of light, which is also called light spot. When reducing the distance between the Fresnel lens and lamp aperture angle of the emitted beam of light is gradually increased. In the receive mode, the divergent light beam, which is also called flood light.

However, the projectors of this type which have the disadvantage, consisting in the fact that they provided a bad output light, in particular, in the mode of the light spot, as in this case, only a relatively small range of spatial angles of the lamp is covered by the Fresnel lens. Another disadvantage is that a large fraction of light that is reflected by the spherical reflector, again falls on the filament of the lamp, where it is absorbed and additionally heats the filament of the lamp.

In DE 3919643 A1 describes floodlight with reflector, aperture and Fresnel lens. The light generated by the light change by moving the light source that changes the brightness of the light. The brightness control provide by changing the distance between the vertex point and the reflector and between the aperture and the reflector.

In DE 3413310 A1 describes floodlight with lamp and reflector or lamp, and a collecting lens. Spot additionally has a diffusion glass or a mirror, both of these elements are installed at an angle of 45°. The mirror deflects the light, and a diffusion glass diffuses the light. Different angles of radiation of the light beam obtained by moving the diffusion glass.

In DE 10113385 C1 described spotlight with Fresnel lens, in which the Fresnel lens is a collecting lens, the focus point which is on the side of the light source is located approximately at the point f is kashirovaniya ellipsoidal reflector, which is located farther from the reflector than when operating in the mode of a light spot. The distance between the points of focus of the reflector, the focal length of the reflector and the focal distance of the Fresnel lens, thus, equals the minimum length of spotlight with Fresnel lens of this type.

Disclosure of inventions

However, the present invention is directed to the spotlight with Fresnel lens, which has a more compact form and, therefore, takes up less space and is more vivid than usual spotlight with Fresnel lens.

This goal is achieved surprisingly simple way by using spotlight with Fresnel lens, paragraph 1 of the claims and with the lighting device, as claimed in paragraph 19 of the claims.

The use of the Fresnel lens with a negative focal length allows a very compact form, which, for example, in the spot light spotlight with Fresnel lens is now due, essentially, only the sum of the lengths of the reflector with a thickness of, respectively, used Fresnel lens.

Spotlight with Fresnel lens, in accordance with the present invention allows to provide a much better light efficiency, in particular, in the mode of a light spot, but in the flood of light.

Simultaneously ensures high uniformity of light intensity around the illuminated field, as shown, for example, in figure 7, as in the spot light and flood light mode.

In accordance with the present invention, uses an ellipsoidal reflector with a large aperture. The mode of the light spot is set so that the filament lamp emitter type black body, in particular a halogen lamp or an arc discharge discharge lamp is located at the focal point of the ellipsoid on the side of the reflector, and the second focal point of the ellipsoid, which is located at a greater distance from the reflector, is located approximately negative or virtual focal point of the Fresnel lens, which is located farther from the reflector.

The light reflected by the reflector focuses almost entirely at the focal point of the ellipsoid, which is located at a greater distance from the reflector, before he hits a diffuse lens. The filament of the lamp or discharge arc, which is located at the focal point on the side of the reflector after passing through the Fresnel lens is focused at an infinitely distant point, and the light thus converted into an almost parallel beam.

The reflected light is, essentially, no longer falls on the filament l is the IPA or the arc of the gas discharge. Virtual negative point focus Fresnel lens coincides with the focal point of the ellipsoid reflector, which is located farther from the reflector, and, thus, allows to obtain an extremely compact form.

With proper choice of the aperture angle of the reflector and Fresnel lens almost all the light reflected by the reflector will pass through the Fresnel lens and moves forward in the form of a beam with a narrow spot.

The light output, however, is significantly higher than in the case of conventional spotlight with Fresnel lens.

The aperture angle of the light beam emitted from the Fresnel lens may be increased almost indefinitely in the first embodiment, by appropriately changing the position of the lamp relative to the reflector with one hand and by changing the distance between the Fresnel lens and reflector on the other side.

To maintain the good characteristics of the standard lights with Fresnel lens while ensuring the uniformity of light intensity such changes distances should be performed using appropriately selected certain relationship.

In one embodiment, the invention includes an ellipsoidal reflector, consisting of a metal or a transparent material. Preferably, use of glass and polymeric materials or plastics that p is edocfile, can be covered with metal, for example aluminum.

Alternatively, or in addition to manufacturing the reflective surface of one of the two or both surfaces of the reflector contains or contain a system of optically thin layers. As a result, preferably, the reflected components of visible radiation and non-visible components, in particular components of thermal radiation pass through it.

In yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention contains a metal coating on one or both major surfaces of the reflector.

In another alternative embodiment, the reflector can also be made as a metal reflector, which can either be made without coating or otherwise can be made with a dielectric or metallic coating to obtain the desired spectral characteristics and resistance to corrosion.

In one preferred embodiment of the present invention contains the spotlight with Fresnel lens, in which the reflective surface of the reflector has a structure that scatters light, and none, one or two surfaces of the Fresnel lens have a structure that scatters light. This provides a fixed ratio of the proportion of scattered light to share geometries and/optically displayed light, what prevents the display lamps in the light box. Reflector for this purpose, preferably, includes surface elements or facets, which allow the computation of scattering the light, and to make them a certain way.

With further miniaturization of the light source, for example, in the important area of digital projectors or in the case of the use of hid lamps high power, however, the emergence of an even more pronounced Central shaded area, which cannot be compensated, or which can be compensated only with significant loss of light using a dispersing device, located on the reflector. Normal dispersal device, which is used for exceptions display of the center of emission of the light source, allow to eliminate this phenomenon only to a limited extent, if at all, because in this case also, at least, the dark area of the center hole must be uniformly illuminated in each position of the spotlight with Fresnel lens. However, in particular, the position of the light spot, this leads to excessive loss of light because there is only dark area with a very small aperture angle, but, nevertheless, in the conventional Fresnel lenses with the scattering devices for rasayani the light field is used the entire surface of the Fresnel lens.

The authors of the present invention have determined that such a significant loss of light can be excluded unexpectedly simple way. In this case, especially, it is preferable to use a Fresnel lens with diffusion glass, which, in a particularly preferred embodiment, is made round and located directly in the center of the Fresnel lens.

In this embodiment, the dark region in the center of the illuminated field can be very effectively exclude each position of the spotlight with Fresnel lens, without any significant loss of light when the reflector is in the position of the light spot.

It was determined that the geometric/optical path of the light beam reflected by the reflector illuminates a small area near the Fresnel lens exactly when the required proportion of the scattered light is increased.

The authors of the present invention used this effect to create with the present invention an automatic or adaptive system for mixing light, which synchronously with the movement of the spotlight with Fresnel lens provides mixing geometrical/optical light displayed only with the component of the scattered light, which is required for this position.

This mixing ratio of light, which can be almost optimally adapted to respectively require the m light distribution, below for brevity denoted simply as the ratio of mixing.

This automatic light mixing system provides the correct mix ratio, essentially, for each position of the reflector, this can always be created very uniformly illuminated light field, however, without excessive loss scattering.

In this case, the mixing ratio of the fully illuminated Fresnel lens can be determined by selection of the diameter of the integrated diffusion of the glass relative to the remaining surface of the Fresnel lens, and the aperture angle of the scattered light can be determined in accordance with the characteristics of the scattering scattering lens.

In addition, the effect of scattering the integrated diffusion glass can be variable, in this case, for example, a greater extent of the scattering region can be located in the center of the diffusion glass, and less scattering region can be located on its edge. As a consequence, relatively strongly focused beam also extends, and can be obtained extremely wide angles of illumination.

Alternatively, edge diffusion glass can also be not only performed abruptly terminated, but may be formed so that the effect of scattering is reduced by the change gradually, and glass can also go across or over the entire Fresnel lens. This allows for more adjustment of the mixing ratio depending on the situation.

You can make a reference to the application filed on the same day on behalf of the author of this application entitled "Optische Anordnung mit Stufenlinse" ("optical device with a Fresnel lens"), the disclosure of which is fully described in the disclosure content of the present application by reference.

Spotlight, in accordance with the present invention, intended for use in architecture, medicine, cinema, theatre, Studio photography, as well as a pocket flashlight.

Diffusion glass in preferred embodiments, may be located either on the side of light incidence, or on the output side of the world. In addition, preferably, can be installed diffusion glass from the side of incidence of light or side light. In the latter embodiment, it is also possible to use a diffusion glass with different degree of scattering, such as the diffusion of glass with different degree of scattering in different positions.

Brief description of drawings

The present invention will be described in more detail using the preferred options for its implementation and with reference to the accompanying drawing of which, on which:

The figure 1 shows an embodiment spotlight with Fresnel lens position of the light spot, with an approximate overlap of the points of focus of the reflector, which is away from the reflector, the virtual point focus Fresnel lens, right hand,

the figure 2 shows an embodiment spotlight with Fresnel lens shown in figure 1, in the first position flood light, at this point the focus of the reflector located at a distance from the reflector, is located approximately on the surface of the Fresnel lens, which is closer to the reflector,

the figure 3 shows an embodiment spotlight with Fresnel lens, presented in figure 1, in the second position flood light with a large angle of aperture, and the focus point of the reflector, which is located farther from the reflector, is shown by the Fresnel lens front surface of the Fresnel lens, which is located farther from the reflector,

the figure 4 shows an embodiment spotlight with Fresnel lens, presented in figure 1, in the third position flood light with greater aperture than the second position flood light, at this point the focus of the reflector, which is located farther from the reflector, is shown by the Fresnel lens to the surface if the PS Fresnel which is located farther from the reflector and the light source is moved forward, closer to the reflector, from the point of focus, which is located closer to the reflector,

the figure 5 shows the embodiment of the spotlight with Fresnel lens, presented in figure 1, in the second position the fill light with a large angle of aperture, the additional portion of the light is initially directed through the auxiliary reflector to the main reflector and a Fresnel lens,

the figure 6 shows the scattering Fresnel lens with diffusion glass, located in the center,

the figure 7 shows the representation of the logarithmic dependence on the angle of aperture) light intensity spotlight with Fresnel lens position of a light spot in one of the provisions of the flood light.

The figure 8 shows the characteristic of a certain relationship between the variables a and b parameters of the Fresnel lens with an elliptical reflector and a light source selected for example.

Detailed description of the invention

In the following detailed description, the same reference positions are used to denote identical elements or elements having the same effect on each of the various embodiments.

The following text refers to figure 1, which shows an embodiment of a CR is jector with Fresnel lens position of a light spot. Spotlight with Fresnel lens, essentially contains the reflector 1 in the form of an ellipsoid, the lamp 2, which may be a halogen lamp or a discharge lamp, and the Fresnel lens 3, which is a diffusing lens, preferably, a biconcave lens Fresnel.

In figure 1 the point F2 of the focusing reflector 1 in the form of an ellipsoid, which is located farther from the reflector, preferably superimposed on the virtual or negative point F3 of the focusing lens 3 Fresnel button on the right side.

Beam 4 light, which is radiated by the illuminator is indicated on the drawings only schematically his external rays.

The figure 1 also shows the distance between the Fresnel lens 3 and the front edge of the reflector 1, and the distance b between the lamp 2 and the top of the reflector 1.

The position of the light spot is set the location of the filament lamp or a gas discharge arc lamp 2, essentially at the point F1 focus of the reflector 1 in the form of an ellipsoid, which is located on the side of the reflector.

The light reflected by the reflector 1, in this position, is directed, in fact, completely to the point F2 focus of the ellipsoid 1, which is located farther from the reflector.

Negative or virtual point F3 focus, located on the right side of the lens 3 Fresnel, when listello coincides with a point F2 of the focusing reflector 1 in the form of an ellipsoid.

In the middle box in figure 1 also shows how the hole 5 of the reflector 1 acts as a dark area 6 in the path of a parallel beam of light field 4.

All located in the center of the diffusion glass 7 installed on the Fresnel lens 3 and provides a definite correlation between the scattered light and a certain aperture angle scattered light. As a result of this get a certain mixing ratio of ambient light and light that geometrical/optical displays a Fresnel lens 3.

As an alternative to this option, perform the scattering effect of diffusion Windows 7 in another embodiment, the gradually varies along the radius of diffusion Windows 7, with more strongly scattering region located in the center of the diffusion Windows 7, and to a lesser extent of the scattering region are located on its edge, which has a sharp end.

In yet another alternative embodiment, the edge diffusion glass 7 is formed not only with a sharp end, but also so that the effect of dispersion is gradually reduced, and it can also go under or above the Fresnel lens.

Consequently additional adaptation-dependent position of the mixing ratio as a function of the system, while a specialist in this field the minute technology will always be able to obtain optimum mixing ratio for uniform illumination field of the light, or to obtain a field of light with locally high intensity.

The figure 1 also shows that the position of the light spot only a small part of the total light passes through the diffusion glass 7.

Diffusion glass 7 provides a very uniform illumination mode of the light spot, as shown by line 8, in figure 7, which presents the logarithmic dependence (the angle of aperture) of the light intensity spotlight with Fresnel lens.

The figure 2 shows an embodiment spotlight with Fresnel lens, presented in figure 1, in the first position of the flood of light, in which the point F2 of the focusing reflector 1, which is located at a distance from the reflector, is located approximately on the surface of the lens 3 of Fresnel, which is located closer to the reflector.

In this case, the magnitude and shift relative to the position of the light spot in a certain way changed with the use of a mechanical guide.

In principle, this design corresponds to the design spotlight with Fresnel lens, presented in figure 1.

However, as clearly can be seen in figure 2, in this case the increase of the aperture angle of the radiated beam 4 light and the shaded area 6.

However, since a very large portion of the light in this position falls only on a very small area in the center of the diffusion Windows 7, this area can actually be with armirovanal so, that front petal it scatterplots will be, approximately, to compensate accordingly, the shaded area 6 in the far field or in the far field. You should also make reference to figure 7, in which the line 9 shows light conditions, e.g. in the flood of light.

Below figure 3, which shows an embodiment spotlight with Fresnel lens, presented in figure 1, in the second position flood light with a large angle of aperture than in the figure 2, at this point F2 of the focusing reflector 1, which is located farther from the reflector, is shown by the Fresnel lens 3 in front of the lens surface 3 of Fresnel, which is located farther from the reflector.

In this case, the light passes through a large area of diffusion glass 7, as shown in figure 2, and the total scattering can be consistent with this provision of the flood light.

The figure 4 shows a more advanced beam 4, obtained by changing the distance b between the lamp 2 and the reflector 1, which is an alternative or addition to the regulations flood light, shown in figure 3. When moving the lamp 2 in the direction of the reflector 1, the beam of light reflected from the reflector focuses more strongly, which leads to an increase of angles of radiation on the exit lens 3 Fresnel.

From the change of the distance a and distance b in additional embodiments may be obtained, for example, manually, mechanically, by means of an electrical actuator, with the use of electronic devices or in combination with each other, and in this case, the optical components can be directed along the axis.

However, to maintain a uniform intensity of illumination change of the distance in one particularly preferred embodiment, is performed by using an appropriately selected certain relation, which allows to maintain a certain interdependence between the positions a and b.

Control variables a and b using a certain interdependence takes into account parameters of the Fresnel lens-integrated diffusion glass, elliptical reflector and light source. The parameters in this case include the size, geometric shape, structure and optical properties of the individual components.

In particular, the parameters of the Fresnel lens include its optical diameter, focal length, degree of iskrivlennoi, the structure of light scattering and layout of the front and/or rear surface of the Fresnel lens; the parameters of the diffusion glass, integrated in the Fresnel lens, represent the optical diameter, the structure of light scattering and layout; the parameters of the elliptic reflector are e what about the optical diameter, curvature, focal length, surface structure, the distance between the two points of focus and the diameter of the bulb holder, and the parameters of the light source include its shape, size, position and nature of the light source, for example, bit lamp with pairs of metal halogen lamp or CDM lamp (ceramic discharge metal halide lamp). Parameters that were not explicitly mentioned above, may have an additional effect.

As an example, figure 8 shows the characteristic between the variables a and b. This example uses the following parameters Fresnel lens, an elliptical reflector and light source:

Fresnel lens: optical diameter of 160 mm and a negative focal length to 108.7 mm, with integrated diffusion glass with a diameter of 28 mm in the center (cell lens: diagonal 3.4 mm, a radius of 4 mm, with rotate on 3°), back side with a light-scattering structure;

the elliptical reflector: optical diameter of 160 mm and a focal length of 35 mm, length 160 mm between the two focal points of the guide lamp diameter 30 mm;

light source: a cylinder in axial position by a length of approximately 7.2 mm in diameter, approximately, 2,6 mm

Change of parameters leads to a change of interdependence between the variables a and b. This leads to changes in the functionality of InEU based characteristics, defining the relationship.

Figure 5 shows another preferred embodiment of. In this embodiment, which corresponds essentially variants of execution described above, except that it uses an additional auxiliary reflector 18, the auxiliary reflector 18 reflects the light of the lamp 2 (which could spread to the right side in the figure 5, and which would never have got on the reflector 1) on the reflector 1 to reflect. Consequently, it is possible to use not only the light that presents, just for example by light 19 and who would not participate in the lighting without auxiliary reflector, but also that part of the light which otherwise would get directly to the Fresnel lens 3, it is better to obtain the desired light distribution.

The shape of the auxiliary reflector 18 is preferably chosen such that the light reflected from it, did not fall again by means of light radiation in the lamp 2, such as a filament or the area of the gas discharge, and would not his excessive heat.

Alternatively, the auxiliary reflector 18 can be installed inside and/or outside glass of the lamp housing 2. Glass lamp housing may be appropriate for this purpose the form to obtain the desired directional effect reflected the light frame.

As an example, figure 6 shows the Fresnel lens 3 with diffusion glass 7 used in the present invention. The Fresnel lens 3 has a transparent body 10 of the base, and 11 rings of the Fresnel lens with the ring sections 11, 12, 13 of the lens, inside of which are located round the diffusion glass 7.

Diffusion glass 7 has a definite structure, or contains scattering faces 15, 16, 17, scattering properties which can be accurately determined within wide limits, for example the faces 15, 16, 17, whose properties are described in the application at the German patent DE 10343630.8 the author of the application entitled "Streuscheibe" [Diffusion glass], which was filed in the patent and trademark office Germany on September 19. The disclosure content of this application is also fully incorporated by reference in the disclosure content of this application.

However, the present invention is not limited to the above variants perform diffusion glass.

Spotlight with Fresnel lens described above, in particular, preferably, be used in the lighting device together with significantly less electrical power supply or ballast resistance than in the case of the prior art. This power supply can be designed smaller with both electric and mechanical point of view, with the same useful mod is the property of the emitted light, than in the case of prior art, because the spotlight with Fresnel lens, in accordance with the present invention, has a significantly higher light output. Thus, less weight, and requires less space for accommodation during transportation and storage.

However, in particular, when using reflectors with a cold light also decreases the total heat load for a lit of people and objects.

In addition, the spotlight with Fresnel lens, in accordance with the present invention, also, preferably, can be used to increase the output of light pocket lantern in which, in principle, available electrical energy is even more limited.

1. Spotlight with Fresnel lens, in which the beam of light has an adjustable aperture angle containing the reflector, the lamp and at least one Fresnel lens, in which the Fresnel lens is a lens with a negative focal length, and so is the scattering lens with a virtual point of focus, the distance (a) between the Fresnel lens and reflector can be changed with a certain geometric interdependence in relation to the distance (b) between the lamp and the reflector on the basis of the angle of aperture, adjustable for beam of light that radiates from about the of sector, moreover, the virtual focus point scattering lens is out of site reflector-Fresnel lens and can be superimposed point of focus of the reflector, which is located farther from the reflector.

2. Floodlight according to claim 1, in which the Fresnel lens preferably is a biconcave scattering lens.

3. The floodlight of claim 1, wherein the Fresnel lens includes a dual lens a chromatically corrected display characteristics.

4. Spotlight with Fresnel lens according to claim 1, containing a Fresnel lens with integrated diffusion glass.

5. Floodlight according to claim 4, in which the diffusion glass is made circular and is located in the center of the Fresnel lens, and forms a light mixing system, which changes the proportion of the scattered light relative proportions of geometrical/optical light displayed, i.e. the ratio of mixing of light as a function of the position of the spotlight with Fresnel lens.

6. The floodlight of claim 1, wherein the distance (b) can be adjusted by the location of the lamp in such a way that it can move relative to the top of the reflector.

7. The floodlight of claim 1, wherein the reflector consists of a metal or transparent, preferably, a dielectric material, such as glass and/or plastic.

8. Floodlight according to claim 1, in which at least one of the boom main surfaces of the reflector contains a system of optically thin layers.

9. Floodlight according to claim 1, in which at least one of the two main surfaces of the reflector is covered with a metal, preferably aluminum.

10. Floodlight according to claim 1, in which the reflective surface of the reflector has such a structure that it scatters light, and preferably has a superficial elements or faces, and none, one or two surfaces of the Fresnel lens have such a structure that they scatter light in addition to diffusion glass.

11. The floodlight of claim 1, wherein the reflector is a reflector in the shape of the ellipsoid.

12. Floodlight according to claim 1, in which the reflector, Fresnel lens and/or diffusion glass is/are coated at least on one side.

13. Spotlight on section 12, in which the coating on the Fresnel lens provides a dielectric interference layer, which modifies the spectrum of light passing through it.

14. The floodlight of claim 1, wherein the lamp is an incandescent lamp, in particular a halogen lamp, light emitting diode, a matrix of light emitting diodes or gas discharge lamp.

15. Floodlight according to claim 1, in which the auxiliary reflector is located between the Fresnel lens and reflector.

16. Floodlight according to claim 1, in which the surface of the Fresnel lens is made prestressing, preferably pre-stressed, consequently is the processing of its warmth.

17. Lighting device containing the spotlight with Fresnel lens, according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 16, and the corresponding electric power supply or ballast resistance.

18. Using spotlight with Fresnel lens according to one of claims 1 to 16 as lighting devices for medicine, architecture, cinema, theatre, Studio and pictures.

19. Pocket lamp, containing the spotlight with Fresnel lens according to one of claims 1 to 16.