Method of determination of cause of low impact viscosity of low-carbon steels |
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IPC classes for russian patent Method of determination of cause of low impact viscosity of low-carbon steels (RU 2281975):
        
 Method of a quality control over the test crucible melting / 2272850
The invention is pertaining to nonferrous metallurgy, in particular, to the methods of detection of the noble metals in the mineral raw materials. The technical result of the invention is an increased trustworthiness to the results of the testing crucible melt analysis. The method is conducted in the following way. From the material of the laboratory test sample take out the analytical part of the filler, mix it with the calculated amount of the charge and the mixture is smelt according to the standard method. During the smelt visually control the height of the boiling layer of the melt slag and lead. On completion of the smelt measure the mass of the slag and lead and calculate an admissible height of the boiling layer of the melt according to the following formula:0,9·Hm≥Hc≥[1,9/tg2α/2·(Mш/ρш+Mc/ρc)]1/3, whereHcr - depth of the crucible in meters(m);Hsl - the height of the boiling gas-slag layer, m; α - an angle at the apex of the cone of the inner surface of the crucible, in degrees;Msl, Mla - masses of the slag and mass of the lead alloy accordingly, kg;ρsl, ρla - density of the slag and density of the lead accordingly, kg/m3. If the visual estimation of the height of the boiling layer of the melt exceeds the limits of admissible values, them one may draw a conclusion about the low quality of the testing smelt, make corrections in the composition of the charge and repeat the test analysis.
 Method of preparing samples for analysis / 2267111
Method comprises sampling initial material, producing and analyzing group samples before assessing representative mass of analytical samples, estimating representative mass of analytical samples, and calculating the value of the coefficient that characterizes the type of gold-bearing material from the formula proposed.
 Method for determining hardness limit of austenite class steel / 2265213
Method includes subjecting samples of steel to preliminary plastic deformation and on basis of wear test results of pre-deformed samples, graph of change of hardness limit of σ-1 samples is built dependent on their level of pre-deformation. Weighed samples are made with same deformation level and value of magnetic tear force Pmag is determined for each weighed sample. Graph of change of magnetic tear force Pmag is built for samples on basis of their pre-deformation level, graph with adjusting curve in coordinates Pmag - σ-1, setting a connection between Pmag and σ-1 dependent on level of pre-deformation. Hardness limit of σ-1 samples is determined by adjusting curve in coordinates Pmag - σ-1.
 Method of measuring duration of serviceability of metals / 2261436
Method can be used for estimation of deformation-strength properties due to applying load as well as for determining damages by means of X-ray diffraction analysis. Values of structural-sensitive parameter of crystal lattice of tested material are determined by X-ray diffraction analysis in initial and post-deformation states. Deformation-strength characteristics of metal are determined by calculation from changes in structural-sensitive parameter. Serviceability is judged by comparing really achieved characteristics with admissible ones. Width of X-ray line β is used as structural-sensitive parameters. Strength of deformation P, deformation Δl provided by the deformation and corresponding values of structural-sensitive parameter β are registered during testing. Dependence of true stresses S and structural-sensitive parameter β on degree of relative residual deformation δ are calculated on the basis of P and Δl. Destruction diagram (S-δ½) and linearized diagram (β½-δ½) are built to show inflection points. Deformation-strength characteristics SD and δD corresponding to inflection point at destruction diagram (destruction point D) is taken as criterion of admissible surface strength which provides maximal serviceability of metal. Factor of merit η and factor of destruction Δ can be also taken as criteria of serviceability of metal.
 Mode of testing railway rails on contact weariness / 2253112
Contact weariness is induced by high-frequency dynamic components of interaction of wheels and rails, which become apparent at moving at high speed. The mode of testing railway rails on contact weariness is in that tested samples of rail steel are rolled by pinch rolls in longitudinal direction until appearance on the surface of the sample of dents and also deep indents. As samples test rails are used. The diameter of a pinch roll is chosen under condition of equality of reduction ratio of linear size of the site of contact of the pinch roll with the rail along the axis of the last in comparison with corresponding size responsible to conditions of exploitation and speed reduction ratio of rolling motion of the pinch roll along exploited rail.
Material for production of assay stone / 2248336
Assay stone is made from oxide ceramic comprising BeO-TiO2. Material affords the ability to obtain assay stone of regular geometric form with surface, electrical and mechanical properties meeting the requirement for material used in assaying control. Claimed material in useful in standard determination followed by electrochemical recovery of precision metals from solution after assaying control.
 How kopaliani lead alloys containing gold and silver, assay analysis / 2237734
The invention relates to the field of analytical chemistry and can be used in the assay analysis for separating precious metals from lead
 The way to control the processing of gold-bearing samples / 2232824
The invention relates to analytical chemistry and can be used for testing gold-bearing natural materials
Method for determination of copper / 2201592
The invention relates to the field of analytical chemistry
 Method of heating furnaces / 2278325
Method comprises using two periodically operating burners provided with regenerative heat-exchanging nozzles. Each of the burners provide combustion of gas or discharging the combustion products with their subsequent cooling in the heat-exchanging nozzle. The air for the combustion of gas and discharging the combustion products is supplied through the pipelines, heat exchanging nozzles and gas passages that connect the working space of the furnace with the heat-exchanging nozzles. The combustion regime changes for the regime of discharging the product of combustion and vise versa by connecting the air flow and combustion products by means of valve mounted on the pipelines. A portion of the discharged combustion products is directed to the inlet of the air duct device. The amount of combustion products should be sufficient for the decrease of concentration of oxygen in the air supplied for the combustion of gas down to 13-18%.
 Shaft electric resistance furnace / 2278170
Claimed shaft resistance furnace includes heating chamber arranged on bearer and containing sealed case with cladding; heaters, muffle, and bonnet, which has hole for cut of stock conveyance controlling mechanism; pipe for inlet and outlet of controlling medium, such as argon; catch, arranged under muffle bed door; and cooling chamber in form of demountable reservoir environed with water casing, which is tightly joined with bed door by releasable connection through adapter, and catch is sealed. Reservoir and adapter have pipes to charge and exhaust cooling medium. Heaters are divided along chamber height into sections with independent feeding and controlling. Cooling chamber is arranged on rolls.
 Large-size article heat treatment process / 2277593
Process comprises steps of hating, soaking, cooling for several stages and tempering. First-stage cooling is realized by immersing article into circulating quenching fluid for cooling it till temperature of metal surface not lower than 180°C. Then articles are warmed and subjected to isothermal soaking and(or) slow cooling at metal temperature providing crossing of cooling curve of zone of structural conversion of austenite to beinite at least along 2/3 of said zone length. After that articles are cooled till metal temperature not lower than 200°C at rate preventing for given kind of steel separation of embedded atoms of super-saturated solid solution. Articles are warmed till temperature that is no higher than temperature of isothermal soaking and (or) slow cooling. Last-stage cooling is realized in air. Warming of articles, isothermal soaking and (or) slow cooling and cooling after isothermal soaking and (or) slow cooling may be realized by bathing in stagnant or in circulating quenching fluid. Circulation speed of quenching fluid during bathing may be constant or it may be slowed to end of bathing process. Circulation speed of quenching fluid may be varied due to controlling power of motor creating directed flow of quenching fluid. First -stage cooling may be realized at maximum power of motor. Warming may be realized at motor power consisting of 0.1 - 0.7 of maximum power value. Isothermal soaking and(or) slow cooling may be realized at motor power consisting of 0.1 -0.9 of its maximum power. Cooling after isothermal soaking and (or) slow cooling may be performed at motor power consisting of 0.1 - 0.7 of its maximum power.
Large-size article heat treatment process / 2277593
Process comprises steps of hating, soaking, cooling for several stages and tempering. First-stage cooling is realized by immersing article into circulating quenching fluid for cooling it till temperature of metal surface not lower than 180°C. Then articles are warmed and subjected to isothermal soaking and(or) slow cooling at metal temperature providing crossing of cooling curve of zone of structural conversion of austenite to beinite at least along 2/3 of said zone length. After that articles are cooled till metal temperature not lower than 200°C at rate preventing for given kind of steel separation of embedded atoms of super-saturated solid solution. Articles are warmed till temperature that is no higher than temperature of isothermal soaking and (or) slow cooling. Last-stage cooling is realized in air. Warming of articles, isothermal soaking and (or) slow cooling and cooling after isothermal soaking and (or) slow cooling may be realized by bathing in stagnant or in circulating quenching fluid. Circulation speed of quenching fluid during bathing may be constant or it may be slowed to end of bathing process. Circulation speed of quenching fluid may be varied due to controlling power of motor creating directed flow of quenching fluid. First -stage cooling may be realized at maximum power of motor. Warming may be realized at motor power consisting of 0.1 - 0.7 of maximum power value. Isothermal soaking and(or) slow cooling may be realized at motor power consisting of 0.1 -0.9 of its maximum power. Cooling after isothermal soaking and (or) slow cooling may be performed at motor power consisting of 0.1 - 0.7 of its maximum power.
 Method for bright quenching of articles in glow discharge with effect of hollow cathode / 2277592
Method comprises steps of carrying out bright quenching due to heating and cooling articles in evacuated chamber in argon flow whose rate exceeds critical rate of steel quenching. Heating is realized up to temperature 830°C in glow-discharge plasma of increased intensity created between part and screen due to hollow cathode effect.
 Cast iron casting molds manufacturing method / 2276694
Method for making cast-iron casting molds for producing glass containers comprises steps of forming cast iron billets of two mold halves; mechanically working their edges and inner working surfaces of mold halves; finishing them by grinding and polishing; strengthening working edges of mold halves. Novelty is strengthening of working edges of mold halves after finishing edges and inner working surfaces of mold halves due to acting upon edge and near-edge zone by means of multi-beam laser irradiation. Non-uniformity degree of irradiation intensity in irradiated zone is no more than 10 % at asymmetrical arrangement of focusing spot of laser irradiation relative to working edge of mold half and its shifting in direction opposite to mold half cavity.
 Method of surface strengthening of metals / 2276191
The invention is pertaining to the field of mechanical engineering, in particular, to the method of surface strengthening of metals. The technical result of the invention is improvement of the strength characteristics of the ruggedized surface and the increased productivity of treatment. The laser beam is polarized into the band with a variable intensity of emission and the scanning along this band is conducted so, that at heating of the treated surface segment the stages of the isothermal exposure are in series conducted at the different temperature levels, and the temperature variation is exercised at the optimal speeds for this metal.
 Apparatus for improving rolled product of large length / 2275434
Apparatus for heat treatment of rolled rails with length more than 50 m after high-efficiency rolling mill includes roller table having device for positioning rolled product in lengthwise direction and respective guiding unit. Quenching device includes at least two units for liquid cooling arranged one near another and having manipulators for moving rolled product. Placing zone of cooler is arranged near units for liquid cooling and it is parallel relative to their lengthwise direction. Device for crosswise transporting includes at least two arms mounted with possibility of simultaneous motion between rollers of roller table and having supports for rolled product on their ends.
 Part surface hardening method / 2275433
Method comprises steps of heating surface of part till quenching temperature by means of plasma electron flux generated with use of dependant high- current diffusion charge; further sharp cooling of part surface in argon flow at rate exceeding critical quenching rate of steel.
Part surface hardening method / 2275433
Method comprises steps of heating surface of part till quenching temperature by means of plasma electron flux generated with use of dependant high- current diffusion charge; further sharp cooling of part surface in argon flow at rate exceeding critical quenching rate of steel.
 Installation used for rolled metal cooling / 2244022
The invention presents an installation for rolled metal cooling and is dealt with metal rolling, in particular with cooling of rolled metal. The installation for rolled metal cooling contains a body with an inlet branch-pipe and two rows of outlet branch-pipes displaced from each other by a half step. Value of a step of the outlet branch pipes in each row does not exceed four internal diameters of the branch-pipes. Across the body opposite to an entry of the inlet branch-pipe a dissector is installed. Along the body opposite to the outlet branch-pipes there are two entire central plates and two fragmentary lateral plates forming two longitudinal funnel-shaped cavities, turned by their narrow parts to each row of outlet branch-pipes. Fragmentariness of the lateral plates is created at the expense at least of one cutout in the base of each plate, at the longitudinal butts of which there are two perpendicularly fixed damping plates facing inside the funnel-shaped cavities. The invention allows to increase evenness, flexibility and efficiency of the rolling metal cooling process and ensures reliable operation of the installation.
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FIELD: mechanical engineering; manufacture of Northern design articles and analysis of causes of low impact viscosity of welded joints and prevention of them. SUBSTANCE: proposed method consists in finding-out dependence of grain size of microstructure and presence of ferrite net, as wells as marks on bearing faces of tested specimens for products of the same type made from steel of definite quality during analysis of causes of low impact viscosity recommended standards are established for these parameters and dependences thus found are compared with the data of specimens of low (below standard norm) impact viscosity and these data are estimated for compliance with the recommended standards. Dependences thus found are used repeatedly and constantly. EFFECT: operative determination of causes of low impact viscosity; possibility of excluding these causes. 4 dwg, 1 tbl
The invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used in the analysis of the causes of reduced toughness of welded joints tested at subzero temperatures, in particular, of 09G2S steel in the repair of gas ball valves. While the norm KCV-60(impact strength of the samples with acute concentrator radius of 0.25 mm, tested at minus 60° (C) not less than 25 j/cm2observed values of 14 and even 5 j/cm2. Known techniques for correcting results of reduced toughness. GOST 6996-66 "Welded connection. Methods for determination of mechanical properties" provides: "if the fracture of the sample (with poor results) defects in the base metal or weld connection (except crack), it is excluded from the estimation and replaced by one new sample. GOST 19281-89 "car of high-strength steel allows test toughness of steel, including steel 09G2S, reducing KCV 1 sample 30% (paragraph 4.12). For the prototype accepted GOST 19281-89 (paragraph 4.12). The prototype disadvantages: not provided analysis of microstructure and residual signs of work impact bending specimens with low toughness. The objective of the invention to propose a method of analysis of the causes of low toughness. The problem is solved in that for to the specific product and used steel grades that determine the magnitude of the total grain microstructure and the presence of the grid ferrite, find the dependence of toughness on the data parameters of the microstructure, determine the maximum width and depth of the prints on the abutment faces of the tested samples, find the dependence of toughness on the width and depth of the prints are recommended values of these parameters of the microstructure and prints and evaluate their performance samples with low toughness. To implement the method execute operations 1. From the series of samples tested choose those that have a reduced impact strength and values KCV-60satisfactory (above the given norm), as well as average and maximum level. 2. Prepare the microsections at the ends with fractures and determine: a) the presence of ferritic mesh around large grains - 1; b) the number of total grain microstructure. 3. On the abutment faces define the maximum width (W, mm) and the depth of the prints (2) - CH, μm using a metallographic microscope focus points of the reference face and the bottom of the print. 4. Construct tables and graphs communication toughness KCV-60(J/cm2and non grain microstructure, as well as the width and depth of the prints (all - in average values of all samples). 5. Celebrate the norm KCV-60and find lower toughness values and its relationship with the characteristics of size is tcov (as a test accurately determine the impact strength) and number of grain microstructure. Note (qualitatively) availability (Yes/no) ferritic grid. 6. Make a conclusion about the relationship of low toughness with the proposed parameters of the microstructure. Note the relationship of the size of the prints with toughness. Found dependency is used repeatedly and continuously in the analysis of low toughness values. 7. The proposed method is tested practically on samples of type IX GOST 6996-66 of steel 09G2S, where there was a wide range of values of impact strength, including lower 25 j/cm2. The width of the prints was measured on the microscope MBS-2 with increasing 6 at the price of the reticle eyepiece of 0.1 mm, the depth of the prints was measured using METAM R-1 with increasing 128 and the multiplier reel focus 2 μm. The microstructure was determined with increasing 80, grain number (conditionally) - according to GOST 5639-82. The results are shown in table 1 and figure 3 and 4, where it is seen that lower toughness values correspond to coarse-grained microstructure (grain size equal to 4,5-5,3 rooms) and the presence of ferritic grid. This is consistent with small print sizes on the abutment faces of the tested samples. The dependence of the reduced toughness from non grain (less than 5,3) in the presence of ferritic grid in clusters of large grains up to 3.5 rooms. The technical result of the proposed method lies is carried out in the operational definition of the reasons of low toughness in the presence of communication of the proposed parameters of the microstructure and toughness. Found dependency can be used for the prevention of low toughness values. The technology should exclude the manifestation in the microstructure of ferritic grid and coarse grains total microstructure. This applies to the weld metal and welded metals. 1,8
The way to determine the cause of the reduced toughness of low-carbon steels, including testing of samples at negative temperature, analysis of results and assessment of their values below the specified standards, the definition of defects on the fracture of the samples tested and exclude samples with defects, characterized in that for the grade of steel used to determine the grain size of the overall microstructure and the presence of the grid ferrite, build a graph of the dependence of impact strength on these parameters, microstructure, determine the maximum width and depth of the prints on the abutment faces of the tested samples, build a graph of the dependence of toughness on the width and depth of the prints, which are the recommended values of these parameters of the microstructure and prints and assess their compliance with the indicators of the samples with low toughness.
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