Method of and device for converting thermal energy of heated water into kinetic energy of reaction jet

IPC classes for russian patent Method of and device for converting thermal energy of heated water into kinetic energy of reaction jet (RU 2281881):

B63H11/12 - the propulsive medium being steam or other gas

B63H11/02 - the propulsive medium being ambient water

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FIELD: shipbuilding.

SUBSTANCE: according to proposed method outside water is heated to temperature not exceeding saturation temperature of outside water at pressure, working medium, thus obtained, is accelerated to supersonic speed and then is mixed with cold outside water and discharged in form of reaction jet. Prior to reaching supersonic speed, mixture of working medium and cold outside water is discharge simultaneously in several flows into space with pressure lower than pressure of outside water. Device for implementing the method contains heater, accelerating nozzle for heated working medium, confusor mixing chamber connected with nozzle and at least one channel to discharge mixture of working medium and outside water connected check valve with mixing chamber. Accelerating nozzle is made with contour of supersonic nozzle for water heated to temperature not exceeding saturation temperature at pressure of outside water. Mixing chamber is provided with channels to let in cold outside water and outlet nozzle for flowing out reaction jet.

EFFECT: provision of speed of reaction jet equal to or near sound velocity at device outlet.

3 cl, 1 dwg

The group of inventions relates to the field of marine engineering and can be used in methods and devices that convert thermal energy of the heated water into kinetic energy of the jet stream.

The closest to the essential features of the invention relating to a method of converting thermal energy of the heated water into kinetic energy of the jet stream, a method described in U.S. patent No. 3079753 (CL 60-227, publ. 05.03.63 year). There is a method of converting thermal energy of the heated water into kinetic energy of the jet stream lies in the fact that sea water is heated, obtained a working environment accelerate, then mix it with cold sea water and produce the ejection of the mixture in the form of a jet.

The closest to the essential features of the invention relating to a device for converting thermal energy of the heated water into kinetic energy of the jet stream, is a device that realizes the aforementioned known method and is described also in U.S. patent No. 3079753 (CL 60-227, publ. 05.03.63 year). The known device for converting thermal energy of the heated water into kinetic energy of the jet stream contains a heater, upper nozzle for heated working medium and confused the mixing chamber, which reported accelerating the nozzle and provided with channels for the supply of cold sea water and outlet nozzle for flowing a jet.

In the known method outboard water is heated to change its phase state, namely, the water is evaporated to obtain a working environment in the form of steam. The heating and evaporation of sea water produced in the heater, which is made in the form of a camera evaporation due to heat chemical reactions in the oxidation of aluminum. The working environment in the form of steam is accelerated in the accelerating nozzle, made in the form of a Venturi nozzle.

A disadvantage of the known method and the known device, in which it is effected, is relatively low thrust force due to speed limits flowing through the output nozzle of the jet stream. This is because the fluid flow, which represents the steam, through the upper nozzle is limited by the critical speed of the pair (400-500 m/s) at the mouth of the accelerating nozzle. The inlet steam pressure in the confuser accelerating nozzle exceeds the pressure of the sea water only on the magnitude of the velocity head and, for example, for a speed of 100 knots 12.5 kgf/cm². Corresponding to the steam pressure maximum kinetic energy of the jet stream, need to access it outside space can be obtained only by a small (no more than 5) ratio of expenses of cold sea water and heated working medium (steam) and when the ratio of the areas of flow sections output the first nozzle and the neck of the accelerating nozzle is not greater than one. Thus, when the ratio of the densities of water and steam about 50 the speed of the outflow stream from the output nozzle for the known device does not exceed 60 m/S. furthermore, the disadvantage is the formation of large quantities of insoluble salts, which when heated and the evaporation of sea water can precipitate as scale on the surfaces, resulting in poor heat transfer and reduction of operational reliability.

The present group of inventions solves the problem of creating a method for converting thermal energy of the heated water into kinetic energy of the jet stream and device for its implementation, which will increase the reactive force of the thrust and reliability.

The technical result of the present invention is to increase the speed flowing from the output nozzle of the jet stream equal to or close to the speed of sound, as well as in a significant reduction of scaling in the heater due to the exclusion of boiling sea water.

In addition, an additional technical result is to reduce the amount of heated water by increasing the amount of cold water entering the mixing chamber, which reduces the capacity of the heater.

This technical result is achieved by the known method of converting thermal is the power of the heated water into kinetic energy of the jet stream, in which sea water is heated, obtained a working environment accelerate, then mix it with cold sea water and produce the ejection of the mixture in the form of a jet,

the water is heated to a temperature not exceeding the saturation temperature at the pressure of sea water, and acceleration of the working environment to carry supersonic speed, while before going to the supersonic regime produce discharge of the mixture of working medium and the cold sea water at the same time by multiple threads in a space with a pressure lower than the pressure of the sea water.

This technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known device for converting thermal energy of the heated water into kinetic energy of the jet stream that contains the heater, upper nozzle for heated working medium and confused the mixing chamber, which reported an accelerating nozzle and provided with channels for the supply of cold sea water and outlet nozzle for flowing a jet,

upper nozzle made of profile supersonic nozzle for water, heated to the temperature not exceeding the saturation temperature at the pressure of sea water, where the device has at least one channel for discharge of the mixture of the working environment and sea water, which, through a check valve connected to the mixing chamber.

This gr is the PAP invention is illustrated in the drawing, which presents a device for converting thermal energy from the hot water in the kinetic energy of the jet (longitudinal section).

The proposed method for converting thermal energy of the heated water into kinetic energy of the jet stream is realized in the following sequence.

Sea water is heated to a temperature not exceeding the saturation temperature at the pressure of sea water, for example, when the pressure in the outboard water heater 10 ATM water heated to a temperature not exceeding 180°C. Then working environment in the form of heated water faster in the confuser spreader nozzle to the speed of sound in the neck. In the cone spreader nozzle large part of the heated water evaporates due to the pressure drop, so the moving flow of the working environment, but in the form of steam with water droplets is accelerated in the accelerating nozzle to supersonic speed and enters the mixing chamber. In the mixing chamber, the entrance of which is served cold sea water, the flow of the working fluid is mixed with cold sea water in approximately equal amounts. Advancing confused mixture in the mixing chamber to happen condensation of the steam, the pressure drops to a value of 8-10 times lower than the pressure at the entrance to the upper nozzle and the lower flow rate to a value close to or equal to the speed of sound. The output is om nozzle is a pressure surge flow to the value almost twice the pressure at the entrance to the upper nozzle and providing a reset of the jet stream in the outer space at a speed equal to or close to the speed of sound. Before entering the supersonic mode discharge of the mixture of working medium and the cold sea water at the same time by multiple threads in a space with a pressure lower than the pressure of the sea water.

A device that implements the proposed method of converting thermal energy of the heated water into kinetic energy of the jet stream that contains the heater 1, made for example in the form of thermoelectric elements, upper nozzle, consisting of a conical confuser 2, a neck 3 and a conical diffuser 4 and confused the camera 5 offset, provided with an exit nozzle 6 and channels 7 cold sea water. The output of the heater 1 is connected with a conical confuser 2 spreader nozzle and exit cone of the diffuser 4 spreader nozzle connected to the chamber 5 mixing. Upper nozzle is a supersonic nozzle for water, heated to the temperature not exceeding the saturation temperature at the pressure of sea water, while the profile of the nozzle is determined by calculation based on the calculation of the profile, for example, known Laval nozzle. The area of the bore of the neck 3 of the accelerating nozzle exceeds voltage is emer, 2 times the area of the bore of the output nozzle 5, which provides approximately equal to the ratio of spending a cold and heated sea water. The device has at least one channel 8, is designed to discharge a mixture of working medium and the cold sea water before entering the supersonic regime. The channel 8 has a non-return valve 9 and is connected to the chamber 5 of confusion.

The device operates as follows.

Heated to a temperature not exceeding the saturation temperature at the pressure of sea water, the working medium (water) is supplied from the heater 1 to the input of the confuser 2 spreader nozzle in which the flow of heated water is accelerated so that the neck 3, the flow velocity reaches the speed of sound. In conical diffuser 4 spreader nozzle large part of the heated water evaporates, and the flow velocity increases, and at the exit of the diffuser 4 spreader nozzle flow rate is several times the speed of sound. In the chamber 5 supersonic flow in the form of steam-water mixture is mixed with cold sea water, which comes from channel 7 to the input of the mixing chamber 5 with a flow rate approximately equal to the flow rate of heated water. As a result of condensation mostly steam pressure steam-water mixture in the chamber 5 mixing 8-10 times lower than the water pressure at the entrance to the confuser 2, which provides natural is rokakku working environment through the upper nozzle and the channels 7. In the chamber 5 of the mixing of supersonic flow is decelerated to a speed slightly greater than the speed of sound. Before the outlet nozzle 6 in the chamber 5 mixing occurs leap pressure to a value almost twice the pressure of the sea water at the entrance to the upper nozzle, the velocity of flow in the outlet nozzle 6 is equal to or greater than the speed of sound. As the camera 5 dilution steam condenses not completely, dependent on the size of the steam quality of the sound speed and hence the speed of the outflow stream from the output nozzle 6 may be considerably less than the speed of sound in water and make the size of 100-120 m/s This value significantly exceeds the outflow velocity of the jet stream from the output nozzle of the known device.

To start the device and entering supersonic (working) flow regime flow is simultaneous discharge of the mixture of the working environment and sea water from the mixing chamber 5 through the output nozzle 6 and through the channel 8 with an open return valve 9. Discharge occurs in the space whose pressure is less than the pressure at the entrance to the upper nozzle, for example in the capacity of the atmospheric pressure. After starting the device, the check valve 9 is closed and the discharge flow through the channel 8 is terminated.

1. The method of converting thermal energy of the heated water into kinetic energy reactive the th stream, in which sea water is heated, obtained a working environment accelerate, then mix it with cold sea water and produce the ejection of the mixture in the form of a jet, characterized in that the water is heated to a temperature not exceeding the saturation temperature at the pressure of sea water, and acceleration of the working environment to carry supersonic speed, while before going to the supersonic regime produce discharge of the mixture of working medium and the cold sea water at the same time by multiple threads in a space with a pressure lower than the pressure of the sea water.

2. A device for converting thermal energy from the hot water in the kinetic energy of the jet containing the heater, upper nozzle for heated working medium and confused the mixing chamber, which is communicated with the upper stage nozzle and provided with channels for the supply of cold sea water and outlet nozzle for flowing a jet, characterized in that the upper nozzle is made with a profile of a supersonic nozzle for water, heated to the temperature not exceeding the saturation temperature at the pressure of sea water, where the device has at least one channel for discharge of the mixture of the working environment and sea water, which, through a check valve connected to the camera confusion.