Shaping apparatus

The invention relates to the processing of metals by pressure and can be used in forming shells of sheet material.

Known molding device for stepwise processing by forming on the workpiece wave surface and the subsequent giving it the shape of a product containing a punch and die (SU 764785 And 27.09.1980, B 21 D 22/00).

In the mentioned known device, the punch, the matrix, the clamp and the knot corrugation made as separate functional units, which parameters are unchanged. The whole device without replacing its elements allows to make products (sleeves) of one particular size and does not provide for the molding of various articles of complex spatial forms.

Technical problem which the claimed invention is directed, is the expansion of technological capabilities molding device by providing a changeover to various shapes and sizes of the resulting product without replacement deforming bodies.

To solve this problem known molding device for stepwise processing by forming on the workpiece wave surface and the subsequent giving it the shape of a product containing a punch and die with camera molding, made with walls as movable partitions associated with mentioned the walls belts for the perception of lateral efforts molding through intermediate elements and located between the said movable sections of the walls and zones lever mechanisms with gears of periodic action, the punch and the matrix is made in the form of bases and arrays forming elements, each of which is equipped with an individual drive with recurring action and regulation of movements and surface extended from the end of the forming element toward the output link individual drive and is placed in contact with the side surfaces of adjacent forming elements, individual actuators forming elements of a matrix and a punch made of the conditions for ensuring periodic tasks form the matrix and punch by moving the ends of the forming elements relative to each other along their geometric axes and then moved the arrays forming elements in contact with the surface of the workpiece, forming peripheral elements of the punch and die are adjacent to walls camera molding, actuators periodic operation lever mechanisms are made providing compression arrays forming elements of a matrix and a punch movable partition walls when forming passages for imparting to the workpiece shape and the individual actuators forming elements of the punch and die made included with hydrologically on a single-phase circuit and agreed with the inclusion of actuators periodic operation lever mechanisms when forming the moves.

In addition, forming ele the coefficients of the matrix and the punch can be divided into compact groups, having the ability to move relative to the workpiece without moving the adjacent elements in the contact group, thus forming elements in each group of the punch and die are made in contact with the work surface with the ends that form on the punch and the matrix system of protuberances located from the condition of the adjacent placement of the bumps matrix and punch during their convergence for forming on the workpiece wave surface, and then giving the matrix form of the product.

Individual actuators forming elements of the punch and die can be made of the conditions for independent tasks form the surface of the matrix and the punch and create different pressures in their hydraulic systems for forming and holding the convex surface of the matrix and wave system of corrugations on the punch.

One possibility impart pliability to the workpiece to facilitate the final forming is the execution of a punch similar to the matrix, thus forming the elements of the matrix and punch are divided into compact groups capable of movement relative to a workpiece without displacement in the contact group adjacent forming elements, and the shape of the contact surface groups capable of deforming the workpiece, and the relative position of the groups pre-molded with the sides of the matrix and the punch in the form of periodic system of the bumps from the matrix and the punch, located so that the convex side of the punch side by side with the convex side of the matrix and the pre-deformation tell her wave surface.

In the second stage of smoothing of the wave surface of the workpiece and giving it the shape of a product matrix shape products without contact with the workpiece and offset the entire form of the matrix relative to the workpiece smooth wave surface to give it the shape of a product.

Depending on the topology of the wave surface on the workpiece have three choices of smoothing and shaping the workpiece shape.

If the wave surface is formed with the direction of homeopathy around the centers of the maximal bending products, smoothing is performed by stretching the wave surface of the workpiece when it is docked its edges and moving matrix type mounting press.

If provided by the compression process after covering to eliminate hidden tears and other damage, disposable grip, punch shape of the product, coupled with the form of a matrix, but on a smaller scale, to provide compression after extraction and move the matrix together with the workpiece until contact with the adjacent surface of the punch.

If the wave surface on the workpiece is formed of natural or forced formation of corrugations zones of the pressing by the mutual displacement of the workpiece and the matrix form of the product and the mutual displacement of the workpiece and perform matrix effects on the edges of the workpiece, the product with a smooth radial wave surface on the contour of the touch around the already molded part is obtained by shifting in the direction of the form of a matrix and its compression.

Finally, if the corrugations are obtained in directions from the center of the maximum deflection in directions toward the periphery of stretch material and have a curved profile, and the matrix and the punch give a pre-form of the mating surfaces of the product and the mutual displacement of these surfaces in the direction of the workpiece smooth wave surface by the type of stamp interaction of the workpiece with the punch and the die, the product is obtained by the reverse bending of the material in the corrugations and partly by compression.

Figure 1 shows the topology options the wave surface, pre-molded on the maximum deflection:

a) with the direction of the corrugation from the centers of maximum deflection of the product;

C) with the direction of the corrugation from the centers of maximum deflection of the product, where the wave surface of the workpiece obtained by buckling of the compression zones with the mutual offset of the workpiece and matrices;

C) with the direction of homeopathy from the centers of maximum deflection in the direction towards the periphery of the material tension.

Figure 2 shows the device containing identical performed a matrix and a punch on stage four the Finance of the wave surface of the workpiece corresponding variants a), b) and C).

Figure 3 shows the workpiece clamp at smoothing the wave surface: (a) mode pulling the press; C) mode of smoothing the edges of the workpiece on the convex form of a matrix.

Figure 4 shows successive positions of the matrix and punch at smoothing the wave surface obtained by stretching the material from the centers of maximum deflection to the periphery.

Figure 5 shows the design features of the shaping device, where feasible technologies as implemented in the manufacture of sloping sites membranes (ε<5%), and technology with advanced shirring procurement and subsequent forming to finished product in single-phase mode scheme disposable or progressive stamping formations of the rods moving plane-parallel without mutual displacement in the moving array.

Figure 1 (a) shows the cross section of the wave surface with the tops of homeopathy located on both sides of the x, y plane. Symmetric loading sheet material relative to the centers Of_iO_jO_kAbout_neliminates the problem of loading compact groups forming the core elements of the lateral forces in the x, y plane. Regulated program depth travel compact groups forming elements from the matrix(bottom-up) and the punch (bottom down) allows you to set the smooth convex surface of any complexity, when this back pressure is not applied.

For most metallic alloys, with the exception of group duralumin, the deformation in creep mode at T°˜0,5÷0,6t_PL ^°. gives the value of deformation ε %˜200%, and in the superplasticity ε %˜1000% and more. While efforts molding, compared to the "instant" loading (for example, when punching), reduced order, and more.

The wave surface can be obtained in the form of grooves of variable depth on the family of closed curves and grooves of variable depth on the family of spirals.

When the inversion of the wave surface in the positive direction along the z-axis matrix moves relative to the peripheral forming punch elements, which hold the edges of the workpiece. The turning force is substantially less than with the direct drawing as forming presses, but some of the material is stretched, since the annular corrugation is the area of the surface of the torus.

When gentle flutes contact surface of the die and punch the material is smooth, and the corrugations partially deformed by compression, as loaded arch, and partly by the extension of the corrugations. Component of the tension in this case is substantially less. However, significantly less ε %although multiple shirring partially formed surface can be increased and ε%.

Figure 1 b) shows the cross-section and part of the wave surface, formed by the natural formation of corrugations areas of compression when they lose their stability. The radial corrugations, as a lever system, act in compact groups from the side of the punch with the efforts of R₁. The influence of periodic. During periods of stress relieving P₁the position of the forming elements fit for new angles and their displacements relative to each other without load. Lateral force to the outside when the loading force P₁compensate the efforts of P₂from the side of the movable wall. Mechanism movable wall is not shown. Shear strain is carried out in a narrow region around the formed area on the matrix, for example, in the form of a hemisphere.

Figure 1 (C) shows the wave surface formed by the concavity and convexity on both sides of the x, y plane, arranged radially in relation to a circle inside a circle. When the smooth surface is formed from the shell-type body rotation in the depths of the grooves, evenly following along the curved axis of the grooves. When unequal depths sectors sheath asymmetrical relative to the center of projection in the plan.

Figure 2 shows the shaping device is ustwo, containing identical performed the matrix 1 and the punch 2 with offline task of regulated movements of the forming elements 3.

Figure 2 (a) shows the device in the mode of formation of the wave surface of the grooves on both sides along closed curves of different depths.

Except peripheral compact group 4 forming elements 3, the internal compact groups 5 forming elements of the symmetric efforts molding pressed to each other and in the formation of the wave surfaces are moved together.

Compact peripheral group 4 balanced effort P₂from the side of the movable wall associated with the belt for the perception of distance efforts. Peripheral group 4 is used to clamp the workpiece during forming.

Figure 2 b) shows the device in the mode of forced homoopathie compressed areas of the workpiece when using radial homeopathy for forming a narrow region on the border fit the workpiece to a convex matrix 6. Forced the formation of corrugations is achieved concentrated force P applied to the forming element 7 is held from slipping off from the workpiece. Retention is achieved swivel forming element 7 and a belt 8 by using the variable length lever 9.

Figure 2 (C) in two projections shown images is of a wave surface. The workpiece material is shaded. The bottom of the grooves satisfies, as a rule, the condition shallowness. Forming groups do not require compensation of lateral efforts on the periphery of the workpiece.

Feature smooth corrugated surface shown in figure 1 (a), is the use of movable wall when the screed moves punch to the side of the matrix. This measure is taken to prevent slipping forming elements on the bottom of the groove as smoothing, as well as to avoid pressure on the corrugation across the grooves. The latter is associated with the maximum magnitude of the efforts of the sliding elements along the lines of greatest slope and the axis of the grooves with them do not match.

Efforts sliding on slopes extend to the whole of the punch and the whole matrix, so the reconstruction matrix and punch on the new contact form with the surface of the workpiece is possible only by means of the disposition of all forming elements from the surface of the workpiece, with the exception of the contacting elements on the dome of the matrix, and on the periphery of the workpiece holding the workpiece from the offset.

Group punch disposed on the maximum height of the trajectory from the dome of the matrix, whereas the matrix - from the end position of the previous trajectory on the periphery.

When forming the punch moves as a single unit, and the matrix takes the efforts of smoothing than is ichno.

Figure 4 (a) shows allocated along the bottom of the groove forming elements 3 of the punch 2 and the matrix 1, rebuilt on steeper trajectory, and direction of efforts in forming the course.

Figure 4 b) shows the position of the bottom of the groove after smoothing the progress on the previous trajectory and groups of the matrix 1 and the plug 2 with the rebuilding of their following even steeper trajectory.

The axis of the grooves groups of the matrix 1 and the plug 2 are located at smoothing on spirals around the convex surface, and figure 4 shows their sweep along the axes of the grooves.

Shown in figure 5 forming device when setting the contact surface of the matrix 1 has a single-phase switching actuators forming elements 3.

This allows for a continuous contact surface, excluding contractor's duty cycle characteristic of the operation of actuators forming elements 3 in a multiphase modes.

This refers also to the formation of the contact surface of the punch.

The contact surface is set in two steps. First, the devices return the forming elements 3, except for the minimum number that is used to hold the workpiece in a fixed position, away from contact with the workpiece. The allocation is carried out on the original zero position. Before removal lever elements movable walls is removed from Comte is the peripheral forming elements 3.

Then the rotation of the stepper motor to the screw 10 pairs set coordinates of regulating the movement of the forming elements from both the matrix and the punch. After setting the contact surfaces of the matrix and punch exercised by the inclusion of the actuators. Drives without load deformation work at low pressures.

After the formation of the contact surfaces of the power of repetition typed coordinates forming elements 6 line drives report with the sink and set the rotation of stepper motors forming the passage in the mode of the stamp. New increments of the coordinates is the same for all the forming elements 3. When enabled, drives the power repetition of specified transitions forming elements 3 to contact with the workpiece moving low pressure, and from the moment of contact with the workpiece in the hydraulic system pressure changes and this change is included with a source of higher pressure, which is the deformation.

The inclusion of a source of higher pressure due to the hydraulic system of movable walls, which compresses the punch and the matrix (for example, in the case of saddles) or punch (in the case of the convex surface of the matrix), and the response of the stamp moving counter together with movable walls, retaining forming elements 3 from sliding on kivalina the second outside surface, to the periphery.

The workpiece is thus deformed in accordance with the contact surfaces covered and covering parts of the matrix and punch.

After the opposite motion of the contact surfaces of the stamp the movable wall is removed from contact with the peripheral forming elements 3 and repeat the process, asking the contact surface with the new coordinates, preparing the next course mates stamp in the previous sequence.

Structurally forming device includes spaced base 11 and 12 held-removable wall 13, perceiving load between the bases. On the bases 11 and 12 are individually drives the forming elements 3, as well as mechanisms for plane-parallel movement of the power zones 14 which are movable elements 15 a partitioned wall, perceiving lateral force when molding with slopes steep slopes.

Between arrays forming elements 3 role of the matrix and punch, as well as between the bases 11 and 12 is a heat chamber 16, through the window in which the interaction of elements 15 of the movable wall and the peripheral forming elements 3.

When using a molding device for manufacturing a sloping sections of the shells of the hydraulic actuators forming elements included what about the multi-phase line diagram.

Power belt 14 is in the form of rings, the outer wall 13 and the wall of the heat chamber 16 is cylindrical, and arrays forming elements 3 matrix and punch are within range. The contact surfaces on the ends of the forming elements 3 rounded side surfaces of the contact is made in the form of prismatic phone heating Means are located on the walls of the heat chamber. The preferred application of the device - manufacturing shells in the creep mode. The device may find application in various fields of engineering when using alloys that allow deformation modes creep.

1. Molding device for stepwise processing by forming on the workpiece wave surface and the subsequent giving it the shape of a product containing a punch and die, characterized in that it is equipped with a camera molding, made with walls as movable partitions associated with the said wall zones for the perception of lateral efforts molding through intermediate elements and located between the said movable sections of the walls and zones lever mechanisms with gears of periodic operation, the punch and the matrix is made in the form of bases and arrays forming elements, each of which have individual drive periodic actions with what reglamentaria movements and performed with the surface, extended from the end of the forming element toward the output link individual drive and is placed in contact with the side surfaces of adjacent forming elements, individual actuators forming elements of a matrix and a punch made of the conditions for ensuring periodic tasks form the matrix and punch by moving the ends of the forming elements relative to each other along their geometric axes and then moved the arrays forming elements in contact with the surface of the workpiece, forming peripheral elements of the punch and die are adjacent to walls of the chamber forming the actuators periodic operation lever mechanisms are made providing compression arrays forming elements of a matrix and a punch movable partition walls when forming passages for the workpieces form products and individual actuators forming elements of the punch and die made included with hydrologically on a single-phase circuit and agreed with the inclusion of actuators periodic operation lever mechanisms when forming the moves.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the forming elements of the matrix and the punch is divided into compact groups, having the ability to move relative to the workpiece without moving the adjacent elements in the contact group, this forms the matter of the elements in each group of the punch and die are made to contact with the surface of the workpiece ends, for the formation of the punch and the matrix system of protuberances located from the condition of the adjacent placement of the bumps matrix and punch during their convergence for forming on the workpiece wave surface, and then giving the matrix form of the product.

3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the individual actuators forming elements of the punch and die are made of the conditions for independent tasks form the surface of the matrix and the punch and create different pressures in their hydraulic systems for forming and holding the convex surface of the matrix and wave system of corrugations on the punch.