High-speed operating mechanism of switching device

IPC classes for russian patent High-speed operating mechanism of switching device (RU 2264673):

H01H3 - Mechanisms for operating contacts (thermal actuating or release means H01H0037020000)

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Electric switching device / 2249872

FIELD: electrical engineering; high-speed electromagnetic operating mechanisms of switching devices.

SUBSTANCE: proposed high-speed operating mechanism has ON-operation mechanism, capacitor, charging device, OFF-operation mechanism coil, controlled switch, diode, and load current sensor. In order to speed up disconnection of short-circuited load, additional circuit set up of second and third capacitors, first and second resistors, as well as pulsed master oscillator, load voltage sensor, and three amplifier-rectifier units are connected in parallel with controlled switch control circuit fed from current sensor; second amplifier-rectifier unit is supplied with power from load voltage sensor and generates cut-off voltage for controlled switch under steady state conditions. Upon occurrence of short circuit across load second amplifier-rectifier unit stops generating cut-off voltage for controlled switch, the latter starts passing current, and OFF-operation mechanism operates.

EFFECT: enhanced speed of operating mechanisms.

1 cl, 1 dwg

The present invention relates to electrical engineering, in particular to high-speed electromagnetic actuator switching devices. It is known that one of the main functions of switching devices is quick disconnecting a short-circuited load, for high-speed Electromechanical devices DC can only be achieved when using high-speed drives. It is also known that the fast-acting actuators are electrodynamic - EAF and induction-dynamic - FDW drives, while in the first case, the electrodynamic force arises due to the repulsion of the two counter included, located near magnetically-coupled coils, streamlined one shock, and in the second case electrodynamic force caused by passing current pulse through the coil next to a metal disk, and the interaction of the above-mentioned current with a current induced in said metal disk (Karpenko LN. Fast electrodynamic tripping device. L.: Energy, 1973).

Because the force of repulsion between the coils in the case of EAF is proportional to the square of the current flowing through the coil, and if the FDW is proportional to the product of the values flowing through the coil and ran the necessary drive currents, for larger accelerations and high speeds of the moving part, i.e. the coils in the case of an EAF or disk if the FDW is necessary to pass through the coil, or a coil of large currents and to improve mass and size parameters of the considered actuator of large currents through the coils pass briefly in the form of short pulses. Therefore, as a power source in the above-mentioned drives usually use pre-charged capacitor which can be charged, for example, from the constant voltage source through a resistor and discharged the coil with a thyristor (Designing electric vehicles. Textbook for high schools. Gnilichenko, BEA, Gscale and other edited Gnilichenko. - L.: Energoatomizdat, Leningrad separa-tion, 1985, RES, str) or be charged from a source of alternating voltage and to discharge into the coil using a three-electrode spark gap (Counihan AA Electric vehicles. General course. The textbook for high schools, 3rd ed., revised and enlarged extra - M.: Energoatomizdat, 1988, RES, str).

The last of the analogues is closest to the proposed invention, therefore, it is selected as a prototype, as it has coil actuator, a condenser, a chain-of-charge, spark gap, that is, switch and device synchronization to determine the IOM is the start time of the discharge of the capacitor to the coil. What in the prototype used the FDW, and not EAF fundamental values for the circuit of the actuator, since the speed and time off they are approximately equivalent, as described in the prototype scheme can be applied to the FDW and EAF drives. All considered analogues electrodynamic or induction-dynamic actuators, including the prototype, have the advantage that they can be properly chosen parameters, very little trigger time from a few milliseconds to fractions of a millisecond. At the same time all the analogues and the prototype have a common disadvantage in that when the drive-off depends on the achievements of the load current current setpoint, i.e. the signal to actuate the drive appears not earlier than the load current reaches the current value of the setpoint that despite the high performance of the electrodynamic or induction-dynamic actuator increases the off time of a short-circuited load.

The present invention eliminates the marked disadvantage of the prototype.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce the detection time of the most severe mode - short circuit load and thus reduce the total time off short circuit load in the power circuit, since m is the moment of its occurrence.

The essence of the invention is as follows.

The proposed high-speed drive switching apparatus includes drive enable PDF, kinematically associated with the main contacts Ledger apparatus power circuit, the first capacitor charger with ZU output pins, the actuator off of the coil (electrodynamic or induction-dynamic type, while in the first case, the actuator contains two vstechnology magnetic-related Polubotko coil, in the second case, the drive has a single coil and a metal disk), also kinematically associated with the main contacts Ledger apparatus, the first managed key UK and sensor DT of the load current of the power circuit of the output pins and the first diode that provides a connection the charged first capacitor through the first managed the key to drive off of the coil and its triggering when the signal from the sensor DT of the load current of the power circuit in the event of overcurrent or short circuit current in the power circuit.

What's new is that in the high-speed drive inputs of the second diode, the first and second resistors, the second and third capacitors, pulse master oscillator ZG, sensor NAM voltage at the load power circuit, the first N1, the second N2 and the third amplifiers U3 in ramitelli signal, that allows you to connect the charged first capacitor through the first managed the key to drive off of the coil and to carry out the fire with the disappearance of the load voltage of the power circuit, that is, when the short circuit occurs in the power circuit.

Because of a naturally occurring active-inductive nature of the power circuit power at the load power circuit when a short circuit occurs earlier than the short circuit current increasing exponentially, reaches the current set point, in the present invention the actuation of the actuator off of the coil occurs earlier than in the known analogues, i.e. achieved the goal.

Actuation of the actuator off of the coil in the load conditions as well as analogues, occurs when the discharge of the first capacitor to drive off ABOUT with the coil through the first managed key upon receipt of the signal from the sensor DT of the load current of the power circuit upon the occurrence of overload conditions, i.e. without rapid switching, but it is in this mode and is not required.

In the composition of the proposed high-speed drive shown in the drawing, comprises: an electromagnetic drive enable PDF with pins 1, 2 for the supply voltage of the auxiliary power supply, kinematically connected to the main contacts Ledger system, start button and a stop key for the PDF, the first 3, the second 4 and the third 5 capacitors, battery charger memory output pins 6, the actuator off of the coil, also kinematically associated with the main contacts Ledger apparatus, the first managed key 7, the first 8 and second 9 diodes, the first 10 and second 11 resistors, sensor DT of the load current of the power circuit of the output pins 12, the pulse oscillator ZG with leads 13, 14 for the supply voltage of the auxiliary power supply and output pins 15, the sensor NAM voltage at the load power chain output pins 16, 17, the first N1 of the amplifier-rectifier signal pins 18, 19 for the supply voltage of the auxiliary power supply, with the inlet 20 and outlet 21 conclusions of the second amplifier U2-rectifier signal pins 22, 23 for supplying a voltage to the input 24 and output 25 conclusions and third U3 amplifier-rectifier signal pins 26, 27 for the supply voltage of the auxiliary power supply input 28 and output 29 conclusions the second managed key UK, the first output of the first capacitor 3 is connected to the first output output the first managed key 7, the second output of which is connected to the first output drive disable PRO with coil, the second terminal of which is connected to the second output of the first capacitor 3, while the charger is connected At the output pins 6 to the first capacitor 3 thus, to the polarity of the voltage on said first capacitor 3 was straight in relation to the first managed 7 key, and input the conclusions charger memory can be connected to a power source AC or DC, for example as in counterparts or prototype, or to the battery, with the first output 12 of the sensor DT of the load current of the power circuit is connected to the anode of the first diode 8, the cathode of which is connected to the first Governor of the output of the first managed key 7, and the second output 12 of the sensor DT of the load current of the power circuit is connected to a second managing output first mentioned managed key 7 so that when the excess load current of the power circuit current setpoint first managed key 7 was opened, with the first conclusions of the first resistor 10 and the second capacitor 4 is connected to the second control output of the first managed key 7, and their second terminals are connected with the first output of the third capacitor 5, the second terminal of which is connected to the first output of the second resistor 11, the second terminal of which is connected to the anode of the second diode 9, the cathode of which is connected to the first Governor of the output of the first managed key 7, the first findings 13 and 26 for supplying a voltage pulse respectively specifies the generator is and ZG and the third amplifier U3-rectifier signal is connected to the first the positive pole +E_pnetwork supply their own needs, and the latter findings 14 and 27 for supplying a supply voltage, respectively pulsed master oscillator ZG and the third amplifier U3-rectifier signal is connected to the second negative pole-E_pnetwork supply their own needs, with the pins 22, 23 for supplying a supply voltage of the second amplifier U2-rectifier signal is connected to the output pins 16, 17 of the sensor NAM voltage at the load power circuit, while the first positive pole +E_pthe network of the auxiliary power supply connected to the first output of the second controlled key UK, the second terminal of which is connected to the first output 18 for supplying a supply voltage of the first amplifier U1-rectifier signal, the second output 19 for supplying a supply voltage which is connected to a second negative-E_pnetwork supply their own needs, this weekend conclusions 15 pulsed master oscillator MO is connected to the input pins 20 of the first N1, 24 second U2 and 28 of the third U3 amplifier-rectifiers signal, and output pins 21 of the first N1 and 25 of the second N2 of the amplifier-rectifier signal is connected to the second capacitor 4 so that the voltage on said second capacitor 4 was locking for the first managed key 7, and the output conclusions 29 the third is 3 amplifier-rectifier signal is connected to the third capacitor 5 so to the voltage on the third capacitor 5 was enabling for the first managed key 7, the voltage on the third capacitor 5 is selected in accordance with the parameters of the control signal of the first managed key 7, and the voltage level on the first capacitor 4 must exceed the voltage at the third capacitor 5 in all modes except mode short circuit load power circuit, and the capacitance of the second capacitor 4 must be less than the capacitance of the third capacitor 5, and the resistance value of the first resistor 10 should be selected in accordance with the specified discharge time of the second capacitor 4 when the short circuit occurs in the load, the value of the resistance of the second resistor 11 must be chosen from the condition of the damping of the transition process in the interaction of the second 4 and the third 5 capacitors. Fast drive scheme which is shown in the drawing operates as follows.

The unit is powered inclusion of PDFs with appropriate training this turn.

When you switch off the machine there are three cases:

A) the operational mode disable;

B) shutdown mode when overloaded;

B) a shutdown mode short circuit load power circuit.

The machine is powered on.

the REE supply voltage from the network E _pauxiliary power is the charge of the first capacitor 3 from the charger memory to a specified voltage with the polarity indicated on the drawing, and simultaneously starts working pulsed master oscillator ZG, so as to it via the outputs 13, 14 supply voltage is supplied from the power supply E_pown needs. Rectangular pulses of current or voltage output pins 15 ZG (depending on the type of transistors used in the amplifier-rectifiers signal U1, U2 and U3: if bipolar transistors, the current pulses, if the field-effect transistors or bipolar insulated gate - voltage pulses) are fed to the input conclusions 20, 24 and 28 respectively of the amplifier-rectifier signal U1, U2 and U3, with starts to generate the locking signal, the first amplifier-rectifier signal N1, so as to him through the open second managed key UK supplied voltage E_pfrom the mains supply their own needs. The above-mentioned signal output pins 21 of the first amplifier-rectifier signal N1 is supplied to the second condenser 4 and provides the locking of the first managed key 7. At the same time begins to generate an enabling signal to the third amplifier-rectifier signal U3 because it also served voltage E_pfrom the mains supply their own needs through the conclusions 26, 27 DL the supply voltage. The above-mentioned signal output pins 29 of the third amplifier-rectifier signal v3 is supplied to the third capacitor 5 and provides an enabling voltage for the first managed key 7, however, the latter is closed, as a barrier voltage on the second capacitor 4 is greater than the trigger voltage on the third capacitor 5.

In the initial state of the second amplifier-rectifier signal U2 locking signal for the first managed 7 key does not generate as mentioned second amplifier-rectifier signal U2 no line voltage, because it is not and is not included load and, therefore, the sensor output DN of the load voltage of the power circuit. To enable drive enable PDF the necessary signals the presence of voltage on the first capacitor 3 and the second capacitor 5, which is served on said drive enable PDF using the links shown in the drawing by dashed lines. Enable drive enable PDF operator as is usually done by pressing the trigger button P, the drive enable PDF supplied voltage E_pfrom the mains supply their own needs. Until the drive enable PDF is not involved, and hence the main contacts Ledger is not locked and has not appeared in the voltage at the load, electromagnetic processes remain the same and the same before pressing the start button P. After the drive enable inclusion of PDFs, i.e. the closure of the main contacts of the GC and the supply voltage to the load power circuit high-speed drive works as follows: you receive the voltage at the load power circuit, if it is intact, you may receive the supply voltage to the second amplifier-rectifier signal U2, which is fed to it from the output pins 16, 17 of the sensor NAM voltage at the load power circuit through the conclusions 22, 23 for supplying a supply voltage, turns off the second managed key UK, i.e. disappears supply voltage for the first amplifier-rectifier signal U1 that came at him through the findings 18, 19 for supplying a supply voltage and said second driven key UK, while the second amplifier-rectifier signal U2 begins to form a barrier voltage, which through the weekend conclusions 25 is supplied to the second condenser 4 and thereby supports the locking of the first managed key 7, and the first amplifier-rectifier signal U1 stops to form a barrier voltage for the above-mentioned key 7. In this process include high-speed drive ends.

The shutdown.

A. Operational opening of high-speed drive.

Rapid opening of high-speed drive is operator is ω as usual by breaking stop key of C. This removes the voltage drive enable PDF, last off. Open main contacts Ledger apparatus in the power circuit is removed and the load voltage of the power circuit and the operational disable this ends.

B. turn Off when overloaded.

Turn off when overload occurs as follows. From the sensor DT of the load current of the power circuit receives the signal input on the findings of the first managed key 7, which is opened, and the contour 3 - 7 - PRO - 3 is the discharge current of the first capacitor 3, which causes the electrodynamic force in the actuator off of the coil, resulting in open main contacts Ledger apparatus in the power circuit and removes the load voltage of the power circuit. Main contacts Ledger can be opened directly driven off of the coil, in addition, the actuator off of the coil can increase the gap between the armature and core of the drive enable PDF, in which the holding current will be insufficient and the drive enable PDF will disable the device.

C. turn Off in case of short circuit of loads.

When a short circuit load of the power circuit, if it happened when you enable drive enable PDF, switching off the second managed key UK and the absence of voltage on load, the ZEC power circuit and hence, the sensor NAM voltage at the load power circuit, the first amplifier-rectifier signal U1 will stop generating the locking signal for the first managed key 7, and the second amplifier-rectifier signal U2 due to the lack of it supply voltage begins the formation of the locking signal for the first managed key 7, resulting in the mentioned key 7, you'll receive an enabling signal from the third amplifier-rectifier ULTRASONIC signal, and the contour 3 - 7 - PRO - 3 will flow the discharge current of the first capacitor 3, which will cause the electrodynamic force and the actuation of the actuator off of the coil, therefore, the opening of the main contacts of the civil code of the device in the power circuit and disconnecting a short-circuited load power circuit. Similarly, there is a disconnection of a short-circuited load power circuit if a short circuit occurred after completion of the start-up process, when forming the locking signal for the first managed key 7 as shown above, is only the second amplifier-rectifier signal N2 in the presence of voltage at the load power circuit and the sensor output DN of the load voltage of the power circuit. As soon as the short circuit occurs in the load power circuit no voltage on it, the sensor NAM voltage at the load power circuit and nviwoda 22, 23 for supplying a supply voltage of the second amplifier-rectifier signal U2, the latter stops the formation of the locking signal for the first managed key 7, which is opened, and the contour 3 - 7 - PRO - 3 begins to flow a discharge current of the first capacitor 3, which, as shown above, leads to the opening of the main contacts of the civil code of the device in the power circuit and disconnecting a short-circuited load power circuit.

To prevent the development of emergency short circuit load power circuit failure of any of the elements of the actuator off of the coil can be in the traditional scheme submitted duplicate the signal from the sensor DT of the load current of the power circuit to the electromagnetic actuator inclusion of PDFs, as shown dash-dotted line in the drawing.

In conclusion, it should be noted:

1. When changing the polarity of the voltages marked on the drawing, change the direction of the direct connection of semiconductor devices.

2. The drawing for simplicity not shown known protective-damping device in the control circuits and power circuits of semiconductor devices, usually consisting of resistors, capacitors, varistors and Zener diodes.

3. When a significant voltage fluctuations E_pnetwork auxiliary power conditioners signals the debtor is advised to have in its structure blocks stabilization.

High-speed drive switching device containing the drive enable, kinematically associated with the main contacts of the device, the first capacitor, charger, drive off with the coil, also kinematically associated with the main contacts of the apparatus, the first managed the key, the sensor load current of the power circuit and the first diode, the first capacitor, the first managed the key and drive off with the coil connected to a sequential circuit, and the sensor load current of the power circuit is installed with the possibility to control the first controllable by a key through the first diode, this weekend conclusions charger is connected to the first capacitor so that the polarity of the voltage in this first condenser was straight in relation to the first managed key, characterized in that it further introduced the second driven key, a second diode, the first and second resistors, the second and third capacitors, the pulse oscillator, the sensor voltage at the load power circuit, the first, second and third amplifiers, rectifiers signal, the first findings of the first resistor and the second capacitor is connected to a second input the output of the first managed key, and their second terminals are connected with the first output of the third capacitor, the second terminal which is connected to the first output of the second resistor, the second output of which is connected to the anode of the second diode, the cathode of which is connected to first input the output of the first managed key, the first and second terminals for supplying a voltage pulse master oscillator and the third amplifier-rectifier signal is connected to the network of the auxiliary power supply, the first and second terminals for supplying the voltage of the first amplifier-rectifier signal is connected to the network of the auxiliary power supply via a second controlled switch and conclusions for the supply voltage of the second amplifier-rectifier signal connected to the output terminals of the sensor voltage at the load power circuit, the output conclusions pulsed master oscillator connected to the input pins of the first the second and third amplifiers , rectifiers signal, thus the output of the conclusions of the first and second amplifiers, rectifiers signal is connected to the second capacitor so that the voltage on the second capacitor was locking for the first managed key, and output the conclusions of the third amplifier-rectifier signal is connected to the third capacitor so that the voltage on the third capacitor was enabling for the first managed key, and the voltage level on the first capacitor to exceed the voltage level at the third con is nstore in all possible modes with the exception of a short circuit of loads.