Capacity for gas storage
The reservoir is used for storage of gases mainly on vehicles, such as hydrogen storage on Board the vehicle with the power plant on the basis of the electrochemical generator. Capacity for gas storage comprises a sealed casing, the inner vessel, a pipe for filling and emptying with a shut-off valve, pipe gazebos with a shut-off valve at the tank around the inner vessel of the screen with the pipeline, in the upper part of the inner vessel and screen holes, informing them of the cavity with the cavity of the sealed casing, in addition, one end of the pipeline screen is connected to the pipe gazebos, and the other end is inserted into the cavity of the inner vessel, and the ratio of the volume of the inner vessel VBto the volume of the pressure-tight casing VHdetermine the value
where P is the gas pressure in the tank when storing, PA;
the density of filled in the inner vessel of liquid gas, kg/m3;R is the gas filled gas constant, j/(kg
K);T - temperature of gas in the tank during storage, To,and mass MCnutrend gas to the cooling down of the inner vessel, kg;r is the heat of vaporization of the gas, j/kg;WithPthe heat capacity of the material of the inner vessel, j/(kgK);T0- the initial temperature of the inner vessel, To;TW- temperature charged liquid gas, K.The technical result - the reduction of the time of refueling, the gas losses. 1 Il.
The invention relates to the storage of gases in containers mainly on vehicles, such as storing hydrogen on Board a vehicle with a power plant on the basis of the electrochemical generator.Known decision for a similar device for storing gas at high pressure (see the Translation from English. Ed. by D. H. Brotman. Manned spacecraft. - M.: Mashinostroenie, 1968, page 317, Fig. 23.1), containing the capacity for gas storage and pipe the filling-emptying with a shut-off valve.The disadvantage of analogue is that during storage of gas in the tank at high pressure there is a problem fast fill capacity, which is especially important in transport, where it is associated with prolonged inactivity of the vehicle when refueling. The gas flow when charging is limited by the heat capacity semoga gas.Also known capacity for gas storage, selected as a prototype (see A. M. Arkharov, and other Cryogenic systems. - M.: Mashinostroenie, 1987, page 500, Fig. 7.11), for gas storage in the liquid state. The container comprises an outer casing, an inner vessel with a pipe filling-emptying containing shut-off valve and pipe gazebos with a shut-off valve. The space between the outer casing and the inner vessel vacuumized and filled with insulation.The disadvantage of the prototype is time limited gas storage due to evaporation during storage. In large containers, storage losses exceed 0.5% per day and increase with decreasing dimensions of the container. The discharge of gas from the container during storage requires the use of special means for its disposal to ensure safe storage, such as a tap outside the premises in which the capacity, or afterburning. These drawbacks make the use of such containers, for example in vehicles, complicated and inconvenient.The present invention is to reduce the time of filling the tank, ensure the long time storage of gas and excluding loss of gas from the container during storage.
where P is the gas pressure in the tank when storing, PA;the density of filled in the inner vessel of liquid gas, kg/m3;R is the gas filled gas constant, j/(kg·K);T - temperature of gas in the tank during storage, To,the mass MS of the inner vessel is determined by the ratio of
where MV is the gas flow rate at cooling down the inner vessel, kg;r is the heat of vaporization of the gas, j/kg;Withpthe heat capacity of the material of the inner vessel, j/(kg·K);T0- the initial temperature of the inner vessel, To;TW- temperature charged liquid gas, K.The drawing shows a General view of the storage tanks for gas the internal vessel 2 has a screen with 4 pipeline 5 and the opening 6 in its upper part. The tank also contains a tube of the filling-emptying 7 with a shut-off valve 8, pipe gazebos 9 with a shut-off valve 10 and the temperature sensor 11. The inner vessel 2 and the screen 4 is installed in the hermetic casing 1 by means of bearings 12. Pipeline 5 screen 4 at one end 13 is introduced into the cavity of the inner vessel 2 and the other end 14 is connected to the pipe gazebos 9. The aperture 3 of the inner vessel 2 and the opening 6 of the screen 4 report of the cavity of the inner vessel 2 and the screen 4 with the cavity of the sealed casing 1.Capacity works as follows. When you open the shut-off valve 10 in the pipe gazebos 9 open the shutoff valve 8 on the tube-filling-emptying 7 and produce filling the inner vessel 2 liquid gas such as hydrogen. In the process of completing a portion of the liquid gas is evaporated due to the cooling of the inner vessel 2. The evaporated gas through the opening 3 in the inner vessel 2 and the opening 6 in the screen 4 fills the cavity of the casing 1, and simultaneously enters the pipe 5 screen 4 through the end 13 and then through the end 14 of the pipe 5 enters the pipe gazebos 9. Passing through the pipeline 5 screen 4, the evaporated gas cools screen 4 and thereby reduces heat flow from the pressure-tight casing 1 to the DNAs is Nivat when the liquid gas in the pipeline 5 screen 4, that is fixed by the temperature sensor 11 to jump the pipe temperature of gazebos 9. With the completion of the filling of the inner vessel 2 at the same time close the valves 8 and 10. Due to heat leakage into the vessel from the environment, liquid gas located in the inner vessel 2, evaporates, passes into the gaseous state and the pressure in the vessel increases. The growth pressure is discontinued when the temperature of the gas in the tank will be equal to the ambient temperature.When a known volume of the sealed casing 1 VH, pressure P and temperature T of gas in the tank when storing the mass of gas in the tank is determined from the relation
where R is the gas constant gas filled.The volume of the inner vessel 2 VBdetermined by the relation
wherethe density of filled liquid gas.From the relations (1) and (2) is the ratio of the volume of the inner vessel 2 and the pressure-tight casing 1
The capacity for storing hydrogen at a pressure of 40 MPa and a temperature of 300 K, which is filled with liquid hydrogen with a density of 65 kg/m3must have VB/VH=0,49. So obrabotanniy vessel volume 49 l and the weight of the filled hydrogen is expected to be 3.2 kgThe filling capacity is determined by the flow rate of supplied liquid gas. When filling these 3.2 kg of hydrogen for 1 min the pressure drop on the tube-filling-emptying 7 5 m length and 20 mm in diameter will be
1 kPa, and the maximum pressure drop in the pipeline 5 screen 4 length of 10 m and a diameter of 25 mm will be100 kPa. The provision of the specified parameters of the vessel does not present technical difficulties.The mass of gas discharged through the pipe gazebos 9 when filling capacity is determined by the gas flow on the cooling down of the inner vessel 2, the heat leakage into the inner vessel 2 from the hermetic casing 1 and the filling capacity. The gas consumption for cooling down the inner vessel 2 MInthe weight of the inner vessel 2 MWiththe heat capacity of the material of the inner vessel 2Pand the heat of vaporization of the liquid gas r connected by the relationMC·CP·(T0-TW)=MIn·r,where T0the temperature of the inner vessel 2 before filling gas;TW- the temperature of the liquid gas.So, to reduce the consumption of liquid gas Sahelian flow rate of 0.25 kg of hydrogen for cooling down the inner vessel 2, made of steel HAG having a heat capacity of 450 j/(kg·K), the weight of the inner vessel 2 will be 1 kg wall Thickness of the inner vessel 2 to 3.2 kg of liquid hydrogen will be0,15 mm, This thickness is enough, because the inner vessel 2 is experiencing a minor mechanical load in the process of filling the tank, and after evaporation of the gas it is loaded only by its own weight.Evaporated and discharged from the tank during the filling gas can be collected in a special container and again Origen or used in a gaseous state.Thus, the set of new features that are absent in the known technical solutions, enables a new technical result is to reduce the time of reservoir filling and to prevent loss of gas from the container during storage.
Claims
Capacity for gas storage, comprising a sealed casing, the inner vessel, a pipe for filling and emptying with a shut-off valve, pipe gazebos with a shut-off valve, characterized in that capacity installed around the inner vessel of the screen with the pipeline, in the upper part of the inner vessel and screen holes, reported the nd gazebos, and the other end is inserted into the cavity of the inner vessel, and the ratio of the volume of the inner vessel VBto the volume of the pressure-tight casing VHdetermine the value for
where P is the gas pressure in the tank when storing, PA;the density of filled in the inner vessel of liquid gas, kg/m3;R is the gas filled gas constant, j/(kgK);T - temperature of gas in the tank during storage, To,and mass MCthe inner vessel is determined by the ratio of
where MB- gas consumption for cooling down the inner vessel, kg;r is the heat of vaporization of the gas, j/kg;WithPthe heat capacity of the material of the inner vessel, j/(kgK);T0- the initial temperature of the inner vessel, To;TW- temperature charged liquid gas, K.
FIELD: construction.
SUBSTANCE: cargo tank insulation comprises the first metal foil, attached and mounted between the upper insulation panel and the lower insulation panel, the second metal foil attached and mounted on the first metal foil. The second metal foil is located on the upper side of a gap formed between lower insulation panels. The upper bridge panel is attached and mounted on the upper side of the second metal foil. The method to produce a design structure provides for attachment of an adhesive film to the lower surface of the second metal foil, installation of the second metal foil onto a gap so that two opposite sides of the lower surface of the second metal foil are in contact, accordingly, with adjacent pieces of the first metal foil, installation of industrial equipment for engagement on the upper surface of the second metal foil and attachment of the second metal foil to the first metal foil by means of heating and pressing of the second metal foil by means of industrial equipment for provision of engagement.
EFFECT: higher resistance of insulation to multiple heat impact and increased strength of adhesion between insulation components.
20 cl, 6 dwg
FIELD: packaging industry.
SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a tank for storing and transporting liquids. The essence of the invention: The tank for transporting and storage of liquids with thermal insulation (2, 2a, 2b) located inside the tank and attached to the walls of the tank, is characterised in that the thermal insulation (2, 2a, 2b) consists of thermally treated wood.
EFFECT: increase in the coefficient of thermal insulation and good dimensional stability.
7 cl, 7 dwg
FIELD: space vehicles.
SUBSTANCE: proposed method includes cooling of gaseous helium in cryostat to harmful freeze-out temperature. Then helium is filter and heated to temperature tolerable for serviceability of sealing members of on-board systems. Cryostat inlet and outlet pressure is monitored. Then triple filling of bottles with helium, thus obtained, is carried out, and their venting is done after which bottles are charged to operating pressure. If pressure differential at cryostat inlet and outlet exceeds 1 MPa, cryostat is disconnected and second cryostat is connected in its place. Proposed method is implemented by helium charging system consisting of helium receiver connected by main line with electric heater, pipeline, tank, nitrogen and additional helium receiver and at least two cryostats connected with electric heater. Each helium receiver is connected with one of cryostats and, through pipelines with fitted-in shutoff valves, with tank. Electric heater including at least three coils is connected by manifold with fitted-in shutoff-and-control valves, with on-board bottles. One coil of electric heater communicates nitrogen receiver with each cryostat. Each of remaining coils is located between corresponding cryostat manifold. Each manifold is furnished with check valve, manifolds being connected into common output manifold with fitted-in shutoff valves. Shutoff-and-control valves of manifold are essentially electropneumatic valves, one of which is normally open and the other, normally closed. Check valves are installed between manifolds and common output manifold.
EFFECT: dispensing with expensive frost-resistant materials in launch vehicles joint units, simplified design and dispensing with insulating materials to prevent heat losses in manifolds.
3 cl, 3 dwg
FIELD: natural gas industry; methods of preparation of the natural gas for the non-pipeline transportation.
SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to the field of natural gas industry, mainly, to production, storage and the non-pipeline transportation of the natural gas, to the power-saving technologies, and, in particular, to the processes of the utilization of the power at the gas-reducing plants. The preparation of the natural gas for the non-pipeline transportation includes the preliminary purification of the natural gas from heavy hydrocarbons, production of the gaseous hydrates by mixing of the purified gas with the water in the reactor, the continuous refrigeration and keeping of the necessary temperatures of the produced mixture with simultaneous pressure sustain of the no less than equilibrium, which is necessary for formation of the hydrates. Feeding of the natural gas into the reactor of the hydrate production lead from the high pressure gas transportation mains, and their continuous refrigeration is exercised due to the reduced temperature of the natural gas, which has passed the reduction and after the heat exchange is returned back into the mains of the low pressure. At that the pressure in the reactor Pr (MPa) is maintained equal to the mains pressurePm (MPa) and the temperature in the reactorchoke Tr (°K) is maintained in accordance with the following limiting ratio: 273.15 (°K) <Tr <Teq CH4 (Pm)(1), at that the last temperature is calculated using the formula:Teq CH4 = B1/(A1-(1nPm · z)) (2), where A1, B 1 - empirical coefficients for calculation of the equilibrium state of the hydrate - water - methane, z is the compressibility coefficient of the methane. Reduction of the pressure from the natural gas the mains high pressure of 3.0-5,5 MPa up to the low pressure of 0.6 MPa kept in the consuming networks conduct using the throttle-vortex method with refrigeration of the gas stream of the hot outlet from the vortex pipe due to the heat transfer into the environment. Then the stream is combined with the stream from the vortex pipe cold outlet, which has passed through the reactor. Then it is additionally choke down to the nominal (0.6 MPa)low pressure. The produced coldness is used for additional refrigeration the reactor. Realization of the invention allows to deliver the hydrocarbon fuel in the solid state to the customers without utilization of the cryogenic equipment, in the cases, where the low pressure gasification pipeline take-offs are unprofitable, or it is impossible because of any technological or natural reasons. At that the power for production of the gaseous hydrates is generated due to utilization of the energy of the gas pressure drop.
EFFECT: the invention allows to produce the hydrocarbon fuel in the solid state without utilization of the cryogenic equipment and to deliver it to the customers, where the low pressure gasification pipeline take-offs are unprofitable or there are any other technological or natural reasons.
2 cl, 1 ex, 1 dwg
FIELD: engines and pumps.
SUBSTANCE: proposed invention can be used for accumulation, storage, refrigeration and refueling of spacecraft tanks with preset parametres. Cryogenic refueling system comprises filling and discharging lines, unit of valves and accessories, pump-off unit and refueler with its chamber separated into three chambers, i.e. tank chamber, jacket chamber and heat-insulation chamber. This system is provided with service lines. Gas chambers of tank and jacket are inter-communicated by pipeline via pressure control valve to maintain pressure difference between tank and jacket at the level not higher than preset designed one.
EFFECT: expanded performances.
2 dwg
FIELD: engines and pumps.
SUBSTANCE: helium filling method of onboard cylinders of missile carriers, which consists in cooling of gaseous helium in cryostat to freezing-out temperature of hazardous impurities, filtration of frozen-out particles, further heating to intermediate pressure with further draining for cleaning of internal surfaces of cylinders and their final filling to the working pressure; at that, there provided is triple filling of onboard cylinders to intermediate pressure and their filling to working pressure is performed from different receivers pre-filled to various initial pressures, and helium draining from onboard cylinders is performed in the section of the third additional receiver by pressure balancing in onboard cylinders and sections of the third receiver, from which, after missile carrier is launched, helium is supplied to compressor for compression and further filling of helium receivers. Device for the filling method's implementation includes helium and nitrogen receivers, cryostats, eclectic heaters, liquid nitrogen tank, compressor, shutoff valves, electric pneumatic valves, reduction gears and throttles. From helium receivers there performed is alternate filling of cylinders to intermediate pressure from the first receiver; then pressure is brought to working parameter from the other helium receiver. At that, in case of failed launching with the third receiver there performed is helium drain from onboard cylinders. Cooling of gaseous helium to the required freezing-out temperature of hazardous impurities is performed in cryostats, and further heating to the required temperature is performed in electric heaters. Regeneration of cryostats at contamination of their filter elements by supplying gaseous nitrogen from nitrogen receiver heated to the required temperature in electric heater.
EFFECT: improving operating technical properties of the device and excluding overhead costs owing to optimising the filling technology and used filling devices at reducing the volume of the used helium amount during filling process and excluding its overhead costs at draining of onboard cylinders.
2 cl, 3 dwg
