A method of obtaining a de-icing fluid for runways of airfields in the winter
The invention relates to the problems of removal of snow and ice formations in the operation of airfields and pavements in winter, and also to prevent the formation of ice layers. The method includes receiving a potassium acetate solution by neutralizing acetic acid potash at pH 6.0-6.5 with further increase of pH to 10-11 and the density of the solution to of 1.29-1.30 grams/cm3the addition of KOH, followed by the introduction of thickeners, which are used hydroxyethyl cellulose and salts of phosphoric acid, selected from a range centripetal and trisodium phosphate and corrosion inhibitors. The technical result - receiving deicing with a low freezing point and high preplasma ability, stable at low temperatures. 3 C.p. f-crystals, 5 PL. The invention relates to the problems of removal of snow and ice formations during the operation of the airfield and road surfaces in winter and to prevent the formation of ice layers.To de-icing agents (PHS) is subject to strict requirements. These materials should not destroy metals, components of modern aircraft, to ensure that the aquifers, used for drinking water supply.From the previous prior art known to increase the effectiveness of PRTs by using an aqueous solution of potassium acetate. Thus, known methods for producing anti-icing liquid composition based on potassium acetate (SU And 1827382, C 09 K 3/18, 1993, RU AND 2017785, CL 08 To 3/18, 1991, as well as the prototype EN (11) 2142491 (13) C1-6 C 09 K 3/18), 1999. The first two methods have the common disadvantage of high corrosiveness against metals. The selected prototype provides protection of metals at a higher level and provides a rate of penetration at the level of acetate other reagents. The method of obtaining the prototype is cooking at temperatures above 20oWith an aqueous solution of potassium acetate by mixing aqueous solutions of acetic acid, potash and potassium hydroxide to pH 8-10. The choice of the quantitative ratio between supplied to the reaction chamber aqueous solutions of potash and caustic potash, lying in the range 1:2 and 1:1,5 is not controlled from the viewpoint of solubility at low temperatures resulting in high salt solutions. Therefore, in the Far North was the loss of PHS in the form of sediment potash, having smaller is the overall sediment clogs in the machine distribution system PHS on the runway, what is unacceptable.Our country is the northernmost country among the industrialized countries, so has the need for reliable at low temperatures reagents with enhanced preplasma ability for use, primarily, in extreme conditions.The present invention is the task of developing a method of obtaining economical PHS to the Extreme North, are stable up to temperatures of -40oWith that can, in one application to provide greater penetration of ice or snow and ice formations. This object is achieved by providing the following simultaneously acting factors: 1. With the exception of the drop of the reagent of any solid formations (saturation solutions) when the temperature drops to -40oC.2. Lowering the temperature of crystallization reagent to...-69 -70oC.3. The thickening of the reagent that allows a single to put on 1 m2a greater number of MARPs.4. Increasing the exothermic effect when diluted with water.5. The cost optimization of the reagent.To achieve these objectives it is necessary to use the new technology and the recipe receiving PHS, namely, when receiving a high sub>2CO3in dissolved form). To this end, the neutralization of acetic acid potash is only up to pH 6,0 6,5...when the whole potash guaranteed to be spent on the education of potassium acetate, and an impurity technical potash, may be coagulants, will be present in the reagent in a minimal amount.Obtaining an aqueous solution of potassium acetate concentration, in principle, possible neutralization of CH3The Sook, using only the STAKE, but the last 3 times more expensive To2CO3.The necessary increase of pH and
is achieved by introducing into the end of the process CON to pH 10...11 and25= 1,29...of 1.30 g/cm3.The solubility of CH3The Cooke and CON at low temperatures is much higher than the solubility of K2CO3and therefore with decreasing outdoor temperature -40oWith and below the reagent remains stable. High content in potassium acetate solution and caustic potash provides the reagent low temperature of crystallization (...-69 -70oC) higher exothermic effect of dilution water (table 1). These factors increase problemsyou ability PHS on average 1.7 what are the consequence of its chemical composition and effect of thickening, when in one pass can be applied per unit surface area greater amount of reagent that leads, naturally, to increase the amount of melted ice.The thickening PHS produced reagents according to table 3. Their use increases the viscosity at -20oWith 50-60 Centistokes or 2 times in comparison with compositions that do not contain thickeners.Assessment preplasma ability PHS was carried out according to the following method. In the Cup frozen 100 ml of water. On the surface of the ice poured into 30 ml of an investigational reagent. The liquid is then formed due to the contact of ice with the reagent, periodically drained and measured the amount (in ml). The credit shall be the amount of fluid minus the initial 30 ml.During long-term storage PHS (0.5 years and over) in his volume goes sedimentation at the molecular level; the depletion of the potassium acetate top layer of the reagent, which in some cases leads to the appearance of the crust of ice at temperatures higher than the estimated temperature of crystallization PHS. The introduction of antifreeze component with a lower specific weight than potassium acetate and water, we create the preconditions for the increase of its concentration in the upper layers, cranial the desired phase PHS on its surface.To ensure the requirements of OST 54-830.4-90 in part anticorrosive properties inhibitors are used in the following amounts: liquid glass (0,5.. . 2.0 weight. %), sodium nitrite (...0,09 0,04 wt.%), sodium benzoate (0,1...to 7.0 wt.%).Table 4 shows examples of the content of inhibitors and table 5 corrosion loss in g/m2
PMCorrosion tests of the proposed PHS for the metals that make up the design of the aircraft was carried out according to the methods OST 54-830.4-90. Due to the fact that according to the above OST corrosion loss of metals should be less than 0.1 g/m2h, to ensure that the recommended amount of inhibitors accepted those listed in Example 2. The content of inhibitors in Example 3 can be taken in the case, when there are increased requirements to the corrosive properties of the PRTs.The proposed PHS is prepared in a known manner, namely: obtaining, as mentioned above, an aqueous solution of potassium acetate desired density and pH, and then successive introduction into the reactor with a working mixer thickeners and inhibitors in dry form or in the form of a solution in water according to table 4.The technical result image is the IMD, stable at low temperatures, corresponding to the increased requirements when used in conditions of the Far North.
Claims
1. A method of obtaining a de-icing fluid for runways of airfields in the winter, including the production of a potassium acetate solution, followed by the introduction of thickening agents and corrosion inhibitors, characterized in that the neutralization of acetic acid potash lead to the point of complete transition To a2CO3in CH3The Cooke at pH 6.0-6.5 and the subsequent increase in pH to 10-11 and the density of the solution to25=1,29-1,30 g/cm3provide the addition of KOH, followed by the introduction of thickeners, which are used hydroxyethyl cellulose and salts of phosphoric acid, selected from a range centripetal and trisodium phosphate.2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the thickener is hydroxyethyl cellulose in amounts of 0.001 to 0.01 wt.%, salts of phosphoric acid in the amount of 0.5-1.6 wt.% when the ratio of dinatriumfosfaatti to trisodium phosphate as 3:1.3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that as the corrosion inhibitors used liquid glass in the amount of 0.50 to 2.0 wt.) - Rev. DNA liquid contains propylene glycol, the monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol or triethylene glycol in an amount of 0.2 wt.%.
FIELD: road servicing industry.
SUBSTANCE: the invention is dealt with the road servicing industry, in particular with the methods of extirpation of ice covering on motorways, bridges, flyovers, and also aerodromes. The method of the roadway covering slipperiness prevention provides for application of a roadway ice covering suppressing reactant based on acetate, in the capacity of which use a solution with pH=7-9.5, containing components in the following ratio (in mass %): magnesium acetate 13-17, potassium acetate 8-16, potassium hydrocarbonate 5-8, potassium carbonate 2-6, water-insoluble impurities 0-6, water - the rest. The roadway ice covering suppressing reactant may additionally contain a fired limestone in amount of 3-5 mass % in terms of calcium oxide. The method of production a roadway ice cover suppressing reactant for a roadway covering slipperiness prevention provides for mixing of a component containing a magnesium compound, iced acetic acid and water, in the capacity of the component containing the magnesium compound is used brucite, the stirring is exercised in two stages: first they continuously agitate brucite with water and a part of iced acetic acid in a stoichiometric ratio at the temperature of 50-70°C within 50-80 minutes, then, not terminating mixing at the same temperature in the produced mix with pH=5-6 add the rest of ice acetic acid and then add potash in amount exceeding by 0.1 - 6 % the stoichiometric ratio and continue agitation till production of the roadway ice cover suppressing reactant - a solution with pH = 7-9.5 with the above indicated composition. The used roadway ice cover suppressing reactant has composition mentioned above. The technical result consists in - maintenance of the low temperature at the reactant usage, ensuring the passing ice covered roadways motor vehicles metal corrosion protection and at use as the airfield runways coatings - the corrosion protection of metals used in aircraft designs as well. The roadway coating treated with the reactant has a high coefficient of adhesion, that reduces the accident rate on the roadways.
EFFECT: the invention ensures, that the roadway coating treated with the reactant decreases the accident rate on the roadways.
6 cl, 2 tbl, 4 ex
FIELD: chemical industry.
SUBSTANCE: invention relates to preparations used for prevention and removal of snow-ice formations in roads. An anti-glaze of ice preparation comprises the following components, wt.-%: calcium chloride, 15-50; sodium chloride, 48.5-83.5; potassium ferricyanide, 0.2-0.5, and sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3-1.0. Anti-glaze of ice preparation in granulated form is resistant against caking, inhibits corrosion of metals and reduces inhibitory effect of chloride on plants.
EFFECT: improved and valuable properties of preparation.
FIELD: special reagents.
SUBSTANCE: invention relates to substances for applying on surface to prevent or diminish adhering ice, mist or water on it, for prevention of icing, in particular, to anti-glaze of ice reagents. The composite comprises the following components, wt.-%: calcium chloride, 25-32; urea, 2-7; sodium nitrite, 0.03-1.0, and water, the balance. Invention provides preparing the composite harmless for environment that doesn't show harmful effect on environment, doesn't corrode road coatings, and inhibits corrosion of metals. Agent shows economy and high effectiveness.
EFFECT: improved and valuable properties of reagent.
2 cl, 1 tbl
FIELD: road-transport industry.
SUBSTANCE: method includes applying substance on asphalt-concrete mixture. As substance silicon-organic modifier is used, loss of which at 1 m2 of area of pre-placed on road asphalt-concrete mixture at temperature 80-100°C is no less than 0,3-0,5 kg. After applying modifier, asphalt-concrete mixture is rolled.
EFFECT: higher efficiency, no corrosive effect on metals, effective at temperature above -20°C.
2 cl, 3 tbl, 3 ex, 1 dwg
FIELD: domestic chemistry.
SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agents using against misting and icing windshields in transports, sight glasses in agent of individual protection and can be used in living conditions for prevention showcase glasses icing. The composition comprises the following components, wt.-%: polyoxyethylene glycol ester of synthetic primary higher alcohols of (C12-C14)-fraction as a surface-active substance, 6-25; urea or thiourea, or mixture of urea and thiourea, 1-20; glycerol, 5-25; ethylene glycol, 5-41; dye, 0.0005-0.02, and a solvent, the balance. Propyl alcohol as propanol-1 or propanol-2 can be used as a solvent. The composition elicits an anti-misting and anti-icing properties, provides two-sided protection of sight glasses of transport agents and agents of individual protection in cooling the protecting glass surface up to -40°C, elicits the prolonged protective effect, it doesn't solidify at the environment temperature below -40°C and doesn't require the special technical devices for its applying.
EFFECT: valuable properties of composition.
3 cl, 1 tbl, 10 ex
FIELD: Composition of an anti-icing water solution for roads surface treatment.
SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to production of composition of an anti-icing water solution for roads surface treatment against a winter slipperiness (snow rolling-ups, a glaze ice, black ice) n the roads and streets in cities and settlements. The composition contains, in mass %: 20-27 calcium chloride, 5-30 ethyl alcohol, 0.3-5 corrosion inhibitors (borax or sodium nitrite or their mixture), the rest - water. The technical result is - an increase of effectiveness of the composition application, an increase of friction coefficient due to a decrease of the ice density, a raise of the composition ice melting capacity.
EFFECT: the invention ensures an increase of effectiveness of the composition application, an increased friction coefficient and a decreased ice density, a raise of the composition ice melting capacity.
1 cl, 1 ex, 2 tbl
FIELD: materials for miscellaneous applications.
SUBSTANCE: grain mixture comprise, in mass %, 15-45% of compressed first salt of alkaline or alkaline-earth metal and 85-55% of the second salt of alkaline or alkaline-earth metal. The first salt is a waterless hygroscopic salt.
EFFECT: reduced cost.
14 cl, 4 dwg
FIELD: preventive means against freezing and sticking of loose materials to walls of mining and transport equipment; prevention of dusting on interim roads, open-cut mining; protection of rolling stock against freezing and blowing-off of loose materials, coal and peat for example.
SUBSTANCE: preventive means is made in form of mixture of solvent and thickening additive of oil nature. Used as solvent are distillation residues of coke and by-product process and/or by-products of production of butadiene, isoprene, isobutylene, ethylene both independently and in mixture with distillation residues of production process of polymers, pyrolysis residues, benzene, styrene and distillation residues of production of butanol, isobutanol, 2-ethyl hexanol acid and 2-ethyl hexanol. Solvent may additionally contain gas oils of thermal and catalytic cracking and gas oils of coking process. Used as thickening additives are mineral and synthetic oils of all kinds, mixture of used oils, oil sludge, oil residues and oil fuel. Components of thickening additive and solvent are used at any combination. Novelty of invention is use of wastes of various processes of oil and petroleum chemistry products.
EFFECT: extended field of application; cut costs; enhanced ecological safety.
5 cl, 1 dwg, 2 tbl, 17 ex
FIELD: suppression or reduction of icing on surfaces by means of antiicing compounds.
SUBSTANCE: proposed anti-icing compounds contain succinic acid and/or succinic anhydride and neutralizing base, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide in particular. When mixed with water anti-icing compounds form succinates in the course of reaction which causes fast liberation of heat sufficient for melting ice on surface. According to other versions, anti-icing compounds contain glycol which inhibits repeated icing on cleaned surface. Specification gives description of sets of compounds for melting snow and ice.
EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of melting snow and ice on aircraft and territories of their operation.
29 cl, 11 dwg, 7 tbl, 2 ex
FIELD: motor-car industry; other industries; methods of production of the anti-icing reactant.
SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to the method of production of the anti-icing reactants for maintenance of roads in winter. The method of production of the anti-icing reactant based on sodium chloride and calcium chloride provides for mixing of the sodium chloride with calcium chloride and their heating and drying. Sodium chloride crystals are coated with the atomized solution of calcium chloride and dried in the "boiling bed" kiln with production of the double-layer granules, the outer layer of which is composed out of calcium chloride. Sodium chloride crystals are coated with calcium chloride in two phases. The forming small particles of calcium chloride are fed into the cyclone, whence the cyclone dust of the calcium chloride is fed into the mixer for intermixing with the wet crystals of sodium chloride. The produced anti-acing reactant has the improved physicochemical thermodynamic properties.
EFFECT: the invention ensures, that the produced anti-acing reactant has the improved physicochemical thermodynamic properties.
3 cl, 1 ex, 2 tbl
