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The method of detoxification

The method of detoxification
IPC classes for russian patent The method of detoxification (RU 2190412):
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(57) Abstract:

The invention relates to medicine and can be used to detoxify the body. In the intestine through the naso-analnyj probe is inserted heated to 38-40oSalt enteral solution in the amount of 2.5 to 5 liters of Salt enteral solution has an osmolarity equal to the size of the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood plasma particular patient. With the last portion of this solution with a volume of 150-200 ml injected medications that normalize bowel flora in a daily dose. As preparations can be used hilak Forte, eubiotics, pectin. The method allows to prevent overload of tissues and restore intestinal flora. This increases the effectiveness of the treatment. 1 C.p. f-crystals, 1 table.

The invention relates to medicine and can be used for the treatment of patients, the disease which is accompanied by toxicity.

There is a method of detoxification of the body by the method of forced diuresis. The disadvantage of this method is: cleansing only the bloodstream, with possible disorders of water and electrolyte balance of the body [1].

Known active methods of extracorporal the ohms of these methods is the fact, what's the point of application of these methods is the cleansing of the blood, as the purification which the new batch of toxic substances comes from the intestines, which reduces the effect of detoxification. Being invasive, these methods contain the risk of complications, such as lowering blood pressure, bleeding and other [9].

A known method of detoxification - enterosorption, which consists in the introduction of chelators in the stomach cavity (oral or via probe) [10].

The disadvantage of this method is that if there is paresis of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), maintainer, as a rule, severe endotoxemia, impossible the passage of enterosorbent through the intestines, which reduces the effectiveness of this method [11, 6, 12].

A known method of preparation of the colon for examination and operations - intestinal lavage, which can be used to detoxify the body [13] .

The disadvantage of this method is that used for this purpose, the solution is not a complete set of electrolytes selected in an arbitrary manner, alkaline pH, which can cause electrolyte metabolism, adversely affect normalor intestine. In addition, he does not have vanamaali intestine [13].

A known method of suppressing pathogenic intestinal flora by the method of selective decontamination [14].

The disadvantage of this method is that together with there is a destruction of pathogenic saprophytic flora, which in turn leads to dysbiosis [15].

There is a method of treatment of a dysbacteriosis - course oral administration of hilaka Forte, eubiotics (bificol, bifidumbakterin, Linex, etc.) [15, 16].

The disadvantage of this method is the long duration of treatment (1-3 months), which is not acceptable in patients with acute pathology [15, 16, 17].

The closest technical solution of the present invention is a method of detoxification in acute oral poisoning and intestinal lavage (CL) [18].

For this set of patients under endoscopic control set the naso-analnyj dubrovitsy silicone probe. Salt enteral solution (SIR), isoosmotic and soonishly the chyme, warmed up to the 40o[19], is introduced into the perfusion channel probe pump speed 60-300 ml/min part of the solution while flowing through the suction channel of the probe. After the introduction of 6-8 l of solution, patients may loose stools. When the delay applied mediaobject salt enteral solution, necessary for the efficient washing of the intestine, in these cases should be at least 30-40 liters (about 500 ml/kg).

The disadvantage of this method is that in some cases, developing tissue overload due to the fact that the salt solution has an osmolarity, appropriate osmolarity chyme 12 duodenal ulcer [18, 19] . Due to the fact that the osmotic pressure of the solution is lower than the amount of the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood plasma, the movement of water is mainly directed from the cavity of the intestine into the blood. This factor can be considered in two ways: as a positive for the hypovolemia shock and negative, then calling the overload of tissues. In acute poisoning dekorotivnymi poisons to prevent overhydration during CL re-enter diuretics, thereby increasing diuresis, which is an additional factor in the detoxification of the body [18]. In States in which there are zones of destruction and inflammation of the tissue (poisoning corrosive poisons, pancreonecrosis, burns, crush syndrome, and others), is sequestered water in these areas [20]. The additional flow of water in the process of CL from the intestines to the shelter is e and the prognosis of the disease. Diuretics in these cases are ineffective.

In addition, this method does not provide sufficiently selective effects on the pathogenic flora of the intestine, which is the source of purulent-septic complications, which are often caused by the translocation of microbial bodies and their toxins from the intestinal canal in parenteral environment, including in areas of destruction of organs and tissues (for example, when pancreatic necrosis, burns, etc.) [21].

The objective of the invention is to prevent overhydration tissue in the CL process and reduced with this method, the risk of septic complications in patients with toxicosis.

The problem is solved in that in the method of detoxification, including washing and stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract by introducing heated to 38-40oSalt enteral solution in the amount of 2.5-5 liters (70-80 ml per 1 kg of body weight of the patient), with the last portion of 150-200 ml of the solution in the gastrointestinal tract is administered in a daily dose of hilak Forte, eubiotics and pectin, which contribute to the normalization of intestinal flora, and introduced into the gastrointestinal tract salt solution has an osmolarity equal to the value BR> For intestines washing and correction of metabolic disorders using SIR, for making which you can use up to 5 copies. They differ in name of salts and their weight, but the ionic composition of the solution, no matter what recipe he cooked, the same [19, 18]. The osmolarity of this solution is equal to 235 mlOsm/L, pH of 5.5 to 5.8. For the implementation of the proposed method used the standard SIR according to the recipe shown in the table.

To prepare the solution of the proposed method take salt hitch 5 l standard solution, determined in a known manner colloidal osmotic pressure of blood plasma of the patient. Then, in accordance with the obtained value define the required volume of water to dissolve the salts according to the formula:
< / BR>
where V is the volume of water necessary for preparation of a solution for a specific patient;
m is the mass of a sample of salt in grams for the preparation of the standard SIR;
R - colloid-osmotic pressure of blood plasma of the patient;
C = m/V1the concentration of the standard SIR, equal to 13.1 g/l;
V1- the amount of water needed for preparation of the standard SIR;
q - osmolarity standard SIR equal to 235 mlOsm/1;
This is dependent from each other, preserving the characteristics of the solution. The mass of salt in the sample solution for an individual patient, the proposed method is equal to the mass of the salt sample standard solution. After a decline in the value formula weight of the salt sample standard and sought solutions in the numerator and denominator (as the values are the same), the formula takes the following form:
< / BR>
where V is the volume of water necessary for preparation of a solution specific to the patient;
V1- the volume of water in the standard SIR;
q - osmolarity standard SIR equal to 235 mlOsm/1;
R - colloid-osmotic pressure of blood plasma of the patient.

For example, the patient is required to prepare a solution of the salt weighed, measured at 5 l standard solution. Colloid osmotic pressure of blood plasma of this patient is 300 mlOsm/1. Determine the volume of water needed to prepare the solution with osmolarity of 300 mlOsm/1, by the formula:
.

For the implementation of intestinal lavage patient establish the naso-analnyj probe under endoscopic control.

The prepared solution, heated to 38oC (normal body temperature of the patient is injected through a tube with a speed of 40-60 ml / min Pic is estimat). Delay chair provide medical stimulation of the intestine. At the end of the procedure, in the last 150-200 ml of solution injected hilak Forte, eubiotics and pectin in daily doses. If necessary the procedure is repeated to obtain a clinical effect. It was found experimentally that for effective laundering intestines need about 70-80 ml per 1 kg of body weight of the patient.

Effect of detoxification CL appreciate the dynamics of the clinical condition of the patient, the level of endogenous intoxication: leukocyte index of intoxication (LII), medium molecular peptides (SMP) in serum, urine, intestine; binding capacity of serum albumin and other

Monitoring of water balance is carried out using a floor bed weights (weight measured before, during and after the procedure, CL), and to balance the number entered and selected patients liquids, laboratory indicators of the state of homeostasis.

The proposed method of detoxification is conducted in 35 patients with acute pancreatitis.

Clinical example
Patient S. , 35 l, and/b 4195 were treated at NII swap them. N. In.Sklifosovsky with 11.03.99 on 02.04.99.

Zastavlennaya appeared pain in the epigastric region, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, liquid stool. With 11.03.99, the pain intensified and moved into the left hypochondrium, and General condition of the patient deteriorated.

Admission: a serious condition, African, noted the elements of psychotic disorders by type of delusional. Complaints of pain in the epigastrium, left abdomen. The skin is pale pink, clear. Breathing was conducted over the entire surface of the lungs, was weakened in the posterior-basal divisions on both sides. NPV - 22 minutes stable Hemodynamics, muffled heart sounds, rhythmic, BP 160/90 mm RT. Art., pulse - 128 in minutes Belly was swollen, in the act of breathing participated limited to palpation in the upper half of the upper abdomen tense, painful. It was also noted tenderness in the left half of the abdomen along the lateral channel, there were a seal. Bowel movements were sluggish. Diuresis was maintained.

In blood leukocytosis (10,7x109/l), neutrophilic shift to the left.

The patient spent infusion, antibacterial, specific therapy, including active detoxification methods: plasma exchange 11.03.99 and 14.03.99 in/arterial administration of drugs (antispasmodics, antibiotics, antique is heavy, it kept neutrophilic leukocytosis, between 11.03.99 on 13.03.99 LEAH has increased 4 times, there has been an increase of creatinine from 99.1 to 212 µmol/ml, bilirubin to 56.4 mmol/ml (through direct - 42,7 µmol/ml). Paresis of the intestine increased, the chair was not.

The echolocation of the abdominal cavity from 11.03.99,

The liver was moderately enlarged parenchyma diffuse sealed.

- Gall bladder 3,5x3,8 see Wall thickness of 2-3 mm, the lumen of the uniform.

- The pancreas is visualized fragmentary, front-back dimension: head 3 cm, body 1.5 cm, the parenchyma is heterogeneous with areas of increased echogenicity. Anterior to the body of the gland vaguely lazerette area of increased density with a thickness of 0.7 to 1.0, see the area of the tail gland lazerette infiltration of size 10 × 4,5 cm heterogeneous structure with zones of high and low echogenicity.

In the splenic hilum is also defined area of swelling of the fiber widths up to 2.2 cm with spread to the tissue Parabolan left in the form of a hypoechoic area of 2.0 cm wide, extending to the iliac region.

- In the abdominal region lazerous stretched, weak peristalticescuu loops of the small intestine.

Conclusion: echo Ave is lone to the left iliac region, congestive gallbladder, a moderate increase in liver, paresis of the intestine.

The purpose of detoxification and permission paresis bowel patients received CL by the proposed method 15.03.99, 16.03.99 and 20.03.99. Pre-patient determined the size of the colloid-osmotic pressure of blood plasma. She was 284, 281 and 286 (mOsm/1), respectively. Therefore, salt sample weighing 65,5 g per 5 l standard saline) was dissolved in 4,134, and 4,181 4,108 l of water, thus obtaining a solution osmolarity 284, 281 and 286 mlOsm/1 corresponding to the colloid osmotic pressure of blood plasma of the patient these days. In the last 150-200 ml of solution was injected 6-9 ml chilaka Forte, 25-30 doses of bificol and 30 grams of citrus pectin. At the end of the CL balance entered and allocated fluid was in the range 0-500 ml, i.e. water retention in the body of the patient was not.

In the CL the patient's condition stabilized and then improved. 16.03.99 he was already in consciousness, contact, adequate, oriented in time and space. 20.03.99 has decreased leukocytosis, LEAH has decreased in 2 times, the creatinine level decreased to 141 µmol/ml and bilirubin up to 11 μmol/ml was Resolved paresis of the intestine: it was noted the report of usinage space of 16.03.99,

Slice thickness 10 mm, step of the imager 10 mm

A series of tomograms obtained image of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space.

- The liver - the position and shape of the normal, enlarged: 190x200 mm, the right share 176x151x160 mm, the left share 85x60 mm Volume of 2500 cubic cm

- Clear contours smooth. The structure of the parenchyma homogeneous density 26-30/41-44% N. Intrahepatic vascular and biliary network is not extended. The gate structure of the liver are differentiated.

- Gallbladder - the position and shape of the standard sizes is not increased: 49x22x10 mm Volume of 8 cubic cm Contours clear smooth. The wall is not rendered.

- Spleen - the position and shape of the standard sizes is not increased: 125x33x100 mm Volume 268 see cubic Contours precise, equal. The structure of the parenchyma homogeneous density 26-31/36-40% N. The vascular pedicle is not differentiated from those described below pathological areas.

- Kidneys - the position and shape of the ordinary, moderately increased in size: right 70x62x110 mm, left 65x53x120 mm, clear contours equal, structure parenchymatous layer is homogeneous, the density 25-27/49-52% N, CLK not expanded, differentiated vascular pedicles from both sides. Perirenal tissue left with areas poona iron: the normal position, the head 30 mm, the body of 22 mm is not increased, their contours indistinct, diffuse structure is non-uniform density 26-36/38-52% N, parapancreatic fiber in their projections of high density (up to 35 units of N) in the form of strands. The tail is increased to 50 mm, the contours of his fuzzy rough, heterogeneous structure due to the presence of rounded areas of low density (up to 60% N - no reaction on CU), with a diameter of 6 mm gland Volume 75 CC

In the projection of the vascular pedicles of the spleen, between the bottom wall of the stomach and spleen, peripancreatic tissue, in the projection of the tail (not differencewas from it), spreading on parametri and Parabolan to the left (to the level of the 2nd sacral vertebra), is determined by the pathological area of irregular shapes without clear contours, heterogeneous structure, density of soft tissue (34% N) to liquid (16% N) values. The total volume of the pathological zone 578 see the cube, including liquid part, localized mainly on parabolon, 185 see cubic

In both pleural cavities, more to the left, is determined by the contents of the liquid density (16% N).

Conclusion: CT signs of acute destructive pancreatitis, parapancreatic proliferation infiltrative dest see the cube). CT signs of bilateral hydrothorax, increase liver.

CT of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space from 23.03.99,

In the lumen of the sinus pleural cavities: left content is determined by the density of 11 units of N (the maximum divergence of the pleura at the level of the left dome of the diaphragm is 20 mm). The basal segments of the left lung in the back parts are represented by zones magadania density traceable through the bronchi.

- The liver - the position and shape of the standard sizes is not increased: 140x130x160 mm Volume 1600, see cubic Contours equal precise. The structure of the parenchyma homogeneous density 33/40 unit N. Intrahepatic vascular and biliary network is not extended. The gate structure of the liver are differentiated.

- Gallbladder - position and shape of standard sizes is not increased: 50x20x30 mm Volume of 40 CC is the clear Contours smooth. The contents in the lumen of the inhomogeneous density (25-30 units M), without R-contrast concretions. The wall is not rendered.

- Spleen - the position and shape of the standard sizes is not increased: 100x40x100 mm Volume 250, see cubic Contours clear on the visceral surface, poorly traced in the field gate. The structure of the parenchyma of the W): normal position, strain, increased in size: the head 23 mm, tail 27 mm, contours precise, the structure of inhomogeneous parenchyma density 29-38/39-45% N fine not delineated areas to reduce the density in the tail area. Parapancreatic fibers are not differentiated by the tail mud. In the area of the gate of the spleen has an area density of 5% N, 20 cubic centimeters; parapancreatic area density of 4-10% H, 90 cm cube; on parabolon - individual sites of liquid and magadania density.

Compared with the previous study - reducing the amount of change detected retroperitoneal tissue, a more pronounced liquid component, especially in front pararealgar space (resorption infiltrate with possible cysts), the reduction of the sizes of mud.

- Kidneys - the position and shape of the standard sizes are not increased, right 50x50x100 mm, volume 180 CC, left 55x66x110 mm, volume of 200 CC Contours precise, equal on both sides. The structure of the parenchyma homogeneous on both sides, the density on the right 14/20 unit N, left 13/21 unit N. Vascular pedicles differentiated, perirenal tissue left with isolated areas of tenderness. The aorta is not changed. Paraaortal lymph nodes are not enlarged.

infiltrat with signs of resorption in the tail area PJ - with the spread on the gate of the spleen, in front pararenal space and Parabolan left. Compared with the previous study improvement (decrease of detectable inflammatory-necrotic changes, normalization of the size of the liver and kidneys). A small amount of fluid in the pleural cavity left, infiltrative changes saddening segments of the left lung.

The echolocation of the abdominal cavity from 31.03.99,

During the control study abdominal separation sheets of peritoneum is not revealed.

- The liver is not enlarged, the parenchyma diffuse sealed.

- The gall bladder is normal in size and structure.

- The pancreas is reduced in size: cylinder, 2.4 cm, body 1.2 cm, tail 2,0, see

- Parapancreatic in the tail area of the shadow of increased echogenicity. In parallon left is determined by the area of low echogenicity for 17 cm without distinct outlines.

Conclusion: echo signs of chronic pancreatitis, tail parapancreatic, parabolica.

The patient was discharged in satisfactory condition under the supervision of a surgeon on a residence.

Polozitelnye appears to improve the clinical condition of patients in the form of subjective sensations, recovery of intestinal peristalsis and an independent chair and Vice-development disorders of consciousness, indicators of laboratory and instrumental examination. So, in the process of CL together with the contents of the intestine are removed toxic substances, as evidenced by the presence of markers of endotoxemia (SMEs "necrotic bodies") in intestine [22]. In the observed group of patients after CL the level of SMP in the serum decreased on average 1.4 times, LEAH decreased by 2-3 times; significantly increased ECA 43% and an EYE 36%. Change the last performance before and after CL presented in the table indicate the release of the binding centers albumen molecules from toxic ligands [23].

In the CL thanks to soonest used solution provides electrolyte balance of the body, and with the according values of the osmotic pressure of the solution and the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood plasma is excluded unidirectional massive water transport through the intestinal wall. This prevents the risk of tissue overload, as evidenced by the absence of fluid retention in the body of the patient, recorded clinicas reprostat microflora (P-flora), which is represented mainly by conditionally pathogenic and pathogenic strains, while M-flora (mucosal) remains as it is under the protection of the water-insoluble mucous layer overlays the inner wall of the intestine [15, 24]. Acidic SIR inhibits the growth remaining in the intestine of conditionally pathogenic and pathogenic flora. The introduction of hilaka Forte and eubiotics can further enhance the normal microorganisms and to act selectively on pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic flora due to the antagonism between them [15] and thereby eliminate the enteral generalization source of infection in toxicosis, and consequently, to reduce the number of septic complications.

Introduction pectin promotes fixation and growth of normal intestinal flora.

Using SIR as the carrier of pre - and probiotics allows you to quickly, during his transit (1-1,5 h), distribute them over the entire length of the intestine and provide selective decontamination.

The proposed solution is new - it is not clear from the existing level of development of medicine and has significant differences from the prototype, as it allows to solve the problem. Use for licensenote positive effect, to take readings to other methods of detoxification (hemosorption, plasmapheresis, plasma and other ) and surgical intervention that has a direct economic effect, i.e., is useful.

References
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2. Lobanov A. I. Extracorporeal blood purification in clinical surgical treatment of endotoxemia - Diss. D. M. N. M. 1987 - 315 C., 044056.

3. Batyrov D. W. Hemosorption and plasmapheresis in treatment of acute pancreatitis. - Abstract. Diss. K. M. N., M. 1989, 3416.

4. Backow Century A. the groove toxins in acute pancreatitis and methods of its correction. - Abstract. Diss. K. M. N., M. 1998, 317.

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6. The Luzhniki E. A. Clinical toxicology. M.: Medicine, 1994. - 256 S.

7. The Panchenkov R. T. Limfosorbtsiya in acute pancreatitis as a new method to eliminate endogenous intoxication // journal of surgery Grekov. - 1997. - 4. - S. 33-36.

8. Sugarev A. I., Abdulhalikov A. S., Isametdinov A. A. Treatment of endogenous intoxication in acute pancreatitis // Honey. Academy of postgraduate ractice complications of hemosorption in patients with Exo - and endotoxemia // IV national conference - "Sorbents honey. values and mechanisms of their therapeutic action" November 17-18 - Donetsk, 1988.

10. Enterosorption // Ed. by I. A. Beliakova - L., 1991. - A. - 336 S.

11. Galperin Y. M. Paresis, paralysis and functional bowel obstruction. - M., 1975. - S. 7-9.

12. The Luzhniki E. A., Matkevich C. A., Goldin M M Combined application of intestinal lavage and enterosorption in acute oral poisoning - guidelines. - M., 1990. - 8 S.

13. Kostenko, I. C. Intestinal lavage as a method of preparation of the colon for examination and operations. - Abstract. Diss. K. M. N., M., 1998. - 20 S.

14. Luiten, E. , Hop W /Controlled clinical trial selektive decontomination for the triatment of severe acute pancreatitis. // Ann. Surg., 1995. - Vol. 222. - 1. - P. 57-65.

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19. "Reservation Of Book N.M. The composition and preparation of media for unutilised is ANZ C. ,, Laptev centuries Pancreonecrosis (clinic, diagnostics, treatment) // M.: Medicine, 1994. S. 77-79.

21. Pathogenesis and prevention of early pancreatic infection in experimental acute necrotizing pancreatitis. / Foitzik Th., del Castillo C. F., M. J. Ferraro , Mithofer K, Rattner D. W., A. L. Warshaw // Ann. Surg., 1995. Vol. 222. - 2. - P. 179-185.

22. Locality E. D., Ivanov, P. A., Grishin, A. C., p. P. Golikov/ level Change necrotic bodies in patients with acute pancreatitis// Clinical laboratory diagnostics, 1999, 11. S. 58-59.

23. Albumin serum in clinical medicine / edited by Y. A. gryzunov and G. E. Dobretsov // M, IRIS, 1994. - 226 S.

24. Morozov, I. A. , Lysikov Y. A., Petran B. C., Khvylya S. I. Absorption and secretion in the small intestine: submicroscopic aspects of // the Academy of medical Sciences of the USSR. - M.: Medicine, 1988. - 224 S.

1. The method of detoxification, including washing and stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract by introducing heated to 38-40oSalt enteral solution in the amount of 2.5-5 l, characterized in that the last portion of 150-200 ml of the solution in the gastrointestinal tract injected medications that normalize bowel flora in a daily dose, and introduced into the gastrointestinal tract salt enteral solution has an osmolarity equal to the amount of colloidal osmotic-intestinal tract enter hilak Forte, eubiotics and pectin.

 

 

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