Emergency ascent underwater vehicles "malachite-1, the device for blowing tanks main ballast emergency ascent and the way emergency ascent |
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IPC classes for russian patent Emergency ascent underwater vehicles "malachite-1, the device for blowing tanks main ballast emergency ascent and the way emergency ascent (RU 2134212):
              
 The method and the device (options) move through the depth of the underwater vehicle using a temperature gradient of the marine environment / 2124457
The invention relates to the technique of the ocean, namely, the submersibles - the buoys with variable buoyancy
 Underwater ship / 2095276
The invention relates to shipbuilding, in particular, to underwater vessels
 The method of controlling the residual buoyancy of the underwater vehicle and a device for its implementation / 2086463
The invention relates to an underwater apparatus, in particular to systems regulate their buoyancy in immersed position
 Device to prevent pressure build-up in the tank auxiliary ballast submarine above the permissible values when filling it with water / 2083428
The invention relates to shipbuilding and can be used to create a ballast system for submarines
 How to navigate the depths of the underwater vehicle and device for its implementation (options) / 2081782
 Complex for raising sunken objects / 2081026
The invention relates to techniques for carrying out rescue operations, in particular, is intended for lifting sunken submarines
A device for raising sunken objects / 2076511
 A device for raising sunken objects / 2009954
The invention relates to techniques for salvaging and rescue case and is intended for getting with a greater depth of various objects, from large ships to prognuvshihsya on the ocean deep water artificial Earth satellites
 Arrangement of regulation of positive floatation of underwater object / 2251511
Arrangement of regulation of positive floatation of an underwater object has at least one tank cavity of which is fulfilled with possibility of infilling it with gas for making positive floatation with the help of the system of feeding gas. At least one valve is installed in the upper part of the mentioned tank. In the low part of the tank at least one hole connecting cavity of the tank with the water environment is made. The valve has a body with a saddle and a disc. The disc is firmly connected with a piston over which a chamber connected with the arrangement of forming control pressure is fulfilled. The arrangement of forming control pressure is in its turn communicated with the upper part of the mentioned cavity of the tank. The piston of the valve is connected with power drive through rigid connection.
 Rescue ship's lift / 2261819
Proposed rescue ship's lift is made in form of submarine provided with grips and passageways for crew. Smoothly located along sides of this submarine are frames with brackets to which bearing levers and hydraulic cylinders are connected. Grips have beams and tubular sides made from horizontal pipes located vertically in these beams; they are also provided with brackets for connecting the said levers and hydraulic cylinders for vertical motion of these grips and closing of their bent lower ends under sunken vessel, thus forming bilge for this vessel. Horizontal pipes are communicated by means of end tubular strips; they are also communicated with compressed air reservoirs through compressors for transfer of air from reservoir and vice versa for forcing water out of said pipes and admitting water to them. Each passageway is made in form of pipe running through pressurized aperture in submarine hull bottom and provided with elements for hermetic connection with escape hatch of vessel to be hoisted.
 Device for raising sunken objects / 2270134
Proposed device for raising sunken objects has frame, pivoted gripping levers with pontoons secured on their upper ends; they are provided with gas exhaust valves and gas sources communicated with cavities of said pontoons, propulsion and steering complex and transceiving equipment for remote radio control. Pontoons are made in form of bells; each gas source is made in form of reservoir filled with liquefied gas and located in center of respective bell; it is communicated with bell by means of valve having rod for opening this valve. Pivoted gripping levers are secured over outer perimeter of frame for making said rods engageable with body of object to be raised.
 Method of raising sunken object and device for realization of this method / 2316446
Proposed method consists in launching pontoons from base ship which are flooded with water; after securing the pontoons to sunken objects, they are blown with air and are raised to base ship together with sunken object. All pontoons are embraced by holder and cavities are formed inside each of them between rigid envelopes which are hermetic relative to one another and are interconnected by means of rigid strips. In launching the pontoons, pressure of water is built up in each cavity between adjacent envelopes with the aid of water pump. Pressure of water is increased at launching the pontoons from zero on water surface and is reduced at raising the pontoons. Number of envelopes inside pontoon hull is considered to be equal to "n-1", where n ratio of depth H of water basin, m to depth h, m corresponding to limiting pressure the pontoon hull and envelopes are rated at. Proposed method together with device for its realization makes it possible to raise sunken objects from deep depths exceeding limit depth by several times.
 Method of raising sunken ships / 2319639
Proposed method consists in securing the separable ship-raising pontoons in extremity where abscissa of point of application of raising weight of object determined by calculations is not located. Then, this extremity is raised due to replacing water in these ship-raising pontoons with gas, after which ship-raising pontoons are subjected to sidewise stropping and second extremity and submarine as a whole are raised keeping the change in trim within respective limits by proper positioning of pontoons.
 Rescue vessel, method of ship salvage and the use of rescue vessel / 2329914
Invention relates to rescue vessel. The rescue vessel bounding elongated pool (12), at least 150m-long and 30m-wide, incorporates a ballasting device allowing to vary the draft by, at least, 15 m. The vessel has a hull made up of two side hulls enclosing pool (12) and limiting, at least, the top edge of the said pool. The ballasting device operates, at least, in two positions. In one position,wherein pool (12) gets emptied and, at least, the top edge proves to be above sea level. In the other position, the aforesaid pool gets filled with water. One edge is below the rescued ship keel level. The method of ship salvage using rescue vessel (10) incorporates the first phase of sailing of the said rescue vessel to the location of the ship to be rescued, the second phase effected nearby the latter and consisting in ballasting rescue vessel (10) so that, at least, one upper edge of pool (12) is below the keel of the ship being rescued, the third phase of moving the rescued ship into pool (12) and the fourth phase of lifting the upper edge of pool (12) above the sea level. Rescue vessel (10) is designed to carry major structures, for example, a ship or a part of ship, drilling or petroleum production platforms or parts of such platforms and modules of sea farms (trusses).
 Appliance for sunken object salvage / 2397103
Invention relates to appliances used in underwater rescue works. Proposed appliance comprises shell, rope with hook attached to said shell from below to secure said shell to sunken object and holder with capsule arranged at the shell lower part. On immersing the shell to sunken object, the shell is filled with water. Capsule contains substance that interacts with water to liberate gas. Capsule wall is made from water labile material that collapses in preset time interval. Shell outer side top accommodates a tight chamber filled with gas or other medium easier than water.
 Installation for refloating sunken objects / 2446075
Invention relates to salvage operations and may be used refloating ships, containers, etc. Proposed installation comprises restricting nozzles wherein compressed air is fed, to be arranged along perimeter of sunken object and/or inside it depending upon size and shape, and securing them on object surface or on basin bottom, nearby the object. This causes formation of ice jacket enveloping sunken object to make sunken object be located as if in ice cocoon to increase object volume, cause positive floatability which makes said object float up.
 Gas generator for raising ships from deep sea, device and method to this end / 2476347
Invention relates to ship raising from deep sea. Proposed gas generator features disc shape and consists of metallic rim with grating composed of plates with slots. Flexible air passage tube is fitted into rim bottom part. Stiff plates are fitted over aforesaid plates on rim both sides and provided with perforations covered by gastight membrane. Device for raising ships comprises soft pontoon arranged in water vertically with open bottom part and top part furnished with cylindrical soft vessel. Gas generator is suspended under pontoon and has gas discharge tube secured to pontoon inner wall. Thin-wall insert us arranged inside said pontoon. Pontoon bottom part accommodates slings and two hooks. Proposed method consists in that said pontoon with suspended gas generator is secured to hulk-ship boom and slings with hook and connecting pontoon bottom with sinking cargo to be downed to sunken ship level. Deep-diving vehicle manipulator catches another hook to fit it in rod device ear, said rod device being pre-mounted on sunken ship. Said sinking cargo is lifted by hulk-ship to allow pontoon first hook cable to be stretched to release the second hook. Deep-diving vehicle disconnects free hook from sinking cargo. Hulk-ship crane lifts it to surface for connection with the next pontoon.
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(57) Abstract: The invention relates to the field of submarine construction. The way emergency ascent underwater vehicle provides aeration tank main ballast (BTF) vapor-gas mixture in which water vapor is formed directly from the water in the BTF by spraying on a metal surface, the heated gaseous products of combustion of solid fuel. Provide the turbulization of the flow of the gas mixture, the formation of jets of a specified shape with temperature not exceeding 800oC, flow rate of 10-20 m/s emergency ascent includes a number of identical generators with combustion of solid fuels (GTG), have also sealing a rupture disk. GTG installed in permeable parts mezhdunarodnogo space and associated kaskadnye pipelines, in which is mounted traps rupture diaphragms, with devices blowing BTF installed in the upper part of the BTF on the calculated distance from the roof of the library. The blowing device BTF contains a coaxial cylindrical shell with water pockets between them. The inner shell is running, formed sequentially ustanovlenym socket and provides adjustable air intake on the sputtering for the formation of a vapor-gas mixture at the inlet and forming a jet stream at the output. In case of emergency surfacing mass of solid fuel is selected depending on the depth of immersion, the charges ignite sequentially, and for each side of installed BTF - pairs, and the duty cycle of the sequential ignition of the charge is determined by the strength properties of the library. Achieved the development of highly efficient and reliable system emergency ascent, providing rescue submarine disaster occurs in a submerged position. 3 S. and 3 C.p. f-crystals, 12 ill. The invention relates to the field of submarine construction and can be used as a rescue tool underwater vehicles, mainly submarines (PL), which provides emergency surfacing SUBMARINE on the surface in case of emergency in a submerged position. System known ascent underwater (deep) apparatus (U.S. patent 3626881. RJ Century Tr-TA, 10A 419, 1972), which used the ballast compartments located on the sides outside of the solid casing and communicating with the water through the holes in the bottom. Each compartment has a solid cylinder with a sliding piston, also filled with water and having at the ends shut-off slide valves. Gas installation produces hot is the use of the known system provides for the flow of products of combustion through the shut-off slide valves into the pressure cylinder to move the piston and the displacement of the ballast from the cylinder into the compartment and then overboard. A disadvantage of the known system and method of surfacing underwater vehicles is the lack of efficiency, reliability and accident conditions due to the limited volume of the cylinder, the loss of efficiency caused by damage to the cylinder or piston, and also due to a certain inertia. Similarly constructed and ballast system submarine (France, patent 1598530), in which the displacement of water from ballast tanks, incorporated in the ring system, are made using pistons, and the way emergency ascent provides for the filing in the ballast tanks of gas, which is released due to the interaction with water reagent placed in the container in the ballast tank, when exceeding a critical value of pressure in it. Known emergency ascent (rescue vehicle) underwater vehicles (German patent N PS 2324709, B 63 G 8/24, publ. 17.03.83), which includes several independent, mostly of the same type, gas plants, located directly in the main tank ballast (BTF) controls the inclusion of electric igniters units with a depth sensor. In the above-mentioned system emergency ascent podano number of gas plants, determined by the depth of immersion. When this gas-turbine generating unit placed directly in the BTF and gas in these settings are obtained by chemical reaction and/or catalytic decomposition of liquid reagent. In the known system does not provide for measures to optimize energy performance of the blowing process (specific consumption of reagent, the intensity of the ventilation heat load on the hull structure forming BTF) and not provided current mode of operation (i.e., the mode with the correct calculated dependencies for all of these characteristics depending on depth) with regard to the different geometry, volumes BTF and installation of generators. Known emergency ascent is complex, labor intensive and can be implemented mainly at shallow depths and at low volumes the library. A known system may be selected as the closest analogue. A device for blowing BTF - propellant gas generator with high performance gas at reduced temperature (France, patent N 2116947), consisting of a cylindrical tank with evaporating W is m fuel and incendiary device, and a cylindrical mixing chamber connected with the combustion chamber and the reservoir. Gas cooling is achieved due to its expansion on the way from the combustion chamber into the mixing chamber and through evaporation of the fluid supplied into the mixing chamber under the influence of the rolling piston, floating in the tank gas pressure developing in the combustion chamber. The cooled gas is provided to give the consumer (in our case - in BTF) through the outlet diffuser. The known device cannot be installed in the outboard water (directly blown in the library or in mezhdunarodnom space), because it does not have a constructive means for uncoupling the charge of fuel and incendiary devices from environmental gasifier environment. For the rolling piston in the composition of the reservoir under alternate long exposure to seawater and humid air in a wide range of operating temperatures, it is not possible to provide an embodiment of providing the necessary reliability. The known device for blowing BTF can be taken as a close analogue. There is a method of selling is over (France, patent N 2116947). In the known method for blowing BTF receive gas is cooled to an average temperature due to its expansion and evaporation of water with the formation of the vapor-gas mixture. The known method also does not regulate measures to optimize energy performance of the blowing process and to ensure settlement mode, but provides cooling gas gas due to its expansion and evaporation of water and therefore can be selected as the closest analogue. The objective of the invention is to create a highly efficient and reliable system emergency ascent, providing salvation DPS when a disaster occurs in a submerged position, including those accompanied by the receipt of outside water into the premises of a solid body through a possible "holes" due to an emergency in the shortest time blowing BTF and creating necessary for the ascent to the surface positive buoyancy, providing the highest efficiency on fuel consumption, reliable protection structures, forming BTF, thermal loads, as well as the calculation of the energy characteristics and process parameters blowing BTF at any depth up to the limit with the local system emergency ascent (rescue vehicle) underwater vehicle, contains few, mostly of the same type, gas plants, located in the assigned to blowing in the accident BTF, the inclusion of electric igniters which is made only for a certain number of units depending on the depth of immersion, in accordance with the invention, the system includes a number of similar gas generators, with the combustion chamber with a charge of solid fuel (GTG), the device ignition of the propellant, to allow the block and breaking the aperture, sealing the combustion chamber, equipped with devices flush tank main ballast (BTF), kaskadnye pipelines to connect them with GTG and traps rupture diaphragms GTG; when this device is flush mounted directly in the BTF, the generators installed in permeable parts mezhdunarodnogo space, for example in the superstructure, and traps rupture diaphragms mounted in gezahegne pipelines, and the area of the minimum flow area of the trap is larger than the area of the critical section of the nozzle GTG, this device blowing BTF placed in the upper part of the city hospital, in a position close to the vertical and away from the roof of the library, which is soothes through the point of intersection of the longitudinal axis of the device with the outer edge of the protective screen, m3;Vpfull blown volume BTF, m3; N is the coefficient of proportionality, the numerical value of which is determined experimentally, 1/m3. The problem is solved also by the fact that GTG is equipped with a level switch pressure in the combustion chamber. The problem is solved also by the fact that the trap of the bursting diaphragm GTG made in the form of a hollow security rod with a fairing, with openings for filling the internal cavity of the cooling water by gravity, installed the fairing towards the GTG and lashing in the cylindrical housing of the trap longitudinal ribs running axially symmetric rings. The problem is solved in that the device blowing BTF, including a tank of evaporated liquid and the mixing chamber, in accordance with the invention has a coaxial cylindrical external and internal cylindrical and conical shells, between which is placed a water pockets, inner shell to form a flow of the device as installed in series desktop nozzle, an inlet chamber, a mixing chamber, diffuser and outlet annular socket; forming an inlet chamber installed injector raspylitelem surfaces with adjustable spatial gap between them, and tightly docked intake tubes; in the outer cylindrical shell mounted spout with removable resealable lids, and the output ring a bell provided with a conical divider flow with the angle between the generators at the apex, equal to 40oand annular protective screen installed in the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the device, and having openings, the total area of which equals or exceeds the area of the bore of the mixing chamber. The problem is solved by the fact that in the known method emergency ascent underwater vehicle by blowing BTF gas-vapor mixture of products of combustion of solid fuel and water vapor, in accordance with the invention, water vapor is formed directly from the water in the volume BTF by spraying on a metal surface, the heated gaseous products of combustion of solid fuel, the water vapor is directed into the stream of gaseous combustion products, providing overheating and intensive mixing of steam with the gas due to turbulence in the flow by sudden braking, the resulting gas-vapor mixture is fed to BTF at a temperature not exceeding 800oC and speed within 10-20 m/s divided alterego flux vector in the direction close to perpendicular relative to the main plane of the underwater vehicle and the place of introduction of the mixture in the tank is selected based on the meet value, reflecting the conditions of constancy of the equity contribution of the spatial-temporal interaction of products of combustion of the fuel with water in the initial period of blowing in the components of the equations of heat and mass balances of the process of blowing in General: VO= NVp2, where VO- volume BTF over the place of introduction of the mixture, m3; Vpfull blown volume BTF, m3; N - specific per 1 m3volume Vpthe volume ratio VO/Vpdetermined experimentally; the required mass of solid fuel is selected depending on the depth of immersion, and gas-vapor mixture to blowing BTF form by successive ignition of the fuel charges, and the discreteness of the set of the required mass of fuel and the time interval of successive firings of the charges determined from the condition does not exceed the maximum permissible values of excess pressure in the library under the terms of strength. In addition, for each side separated BTF ignition charges Topley highly efficient and reliable ship systems emergency ascent, providing salvation DPS when a disaster occurs in a submerged position, including those accompanied by the receipt of outside water into the premises of a solid body through a possible "holes" due to an emergency in the shortest time blowing BTF and creating necessary for the ascent to the surface positive buoyancy, providing the highest efficiency on fuel consumption, reliable protection structures, forming BTF, thermal loads and calculation of energy characteristics and process parameters blowing BTF at any depth, up to the limit, taking into account the geometric, scale and design features of the library. The required efficiency of the system and, in particular, for emergency ascent of an accident with the incoming sea water to premises durable SUBMARINE hull is ensured by the choice of the volume and location of the library, equipped for emergency ventilation using GTG. The high efficiency of the selected volumes BTF is ensured by a high energy gas fuel and high thermal efficiency, measured by share of utility costs of thermal energy in the process. Optimization of energy costs, neosa account measures regulated by way of blowing off and found a constructive embodiment of the device blowing BTF in accordance with the invention. System reliability emergency ascent is caused by the simplicity of the design of generators, simplicity and reliability known means of initiation solid propellant charges (cutter) and patterns of engagement. The presence of the pressure detector allows in case of failure of any GTG to connect the backup generator and thereby further increase the reliability of the system. The invention is illustrated in Fig.1, which presents a block diagram of a system emergency ascent; Fig.2, which depicts a circuit diagram of the functional unit in the composition of the gas generator, gazohodnogo piping with trap aperture and blowing device BTF; Fig. 3 and 4, which depicts the solid fuel gas generator; Fig.5, which shows the trap of the bursting diaphragm GTG (a - longitudinal section, b - top view; Fig. 6 and 7, which depicts the device blowing BTF (6A - longitudinal section of the device 6b is a top view, 7 - injection nozzle - longitudinal section); Fig.8, which presents the scheme of installation estuvimos volume (V) and intensity flush () flush ; Fig.11 the dependence of the specific fuel consumption (q) from the pressure in the BTF in the process of blowing (RC); Fig.12 - characteristics of the working gas mixture in BTF and maximum temperature (toC) on the surface of the "wall" BTF depending on pressure (RC) when blowing. The system emergency ascent includes (Fig.1) for one of each side separated BTF: functional units of the system, including the same type of generators 1, traps, explosive chart 2. gezahegne pipes 3, indicating the generators 1 devices blowing BTF 4. The number of functional nodes, which is equipped with BTF, depends on the maximum depth, which must be provided by the emergency blowing, the volume of the tank, the mass of the propellant in the gas generator and is selected based on the specific fuel consumption (per 1 m3blown volume BTF) - q kg/m3implemented in the system depending on the depth of immersion. B the system includes also a device activation control GTG to work 5 select the number of included generators, depending on the pilot pressure Phcontrolled device 6. In the control unit receives signals about the actual triggering of the gas generator is ne of the possible variants of the wiring diagram of the functional host system provides the location of the gas generator 1, for example, in the add-in, setting it on the top stringer 7 BTF (Fig.2). In the upper part of the city hospital, in a position close to the vertical, a blowing device 4 that communicates with the GTG by gazohodnogo pipeline 3. B part gazohodnogo line 3 will involve the installation of traps bursting chart GTG 2. The gas generator 1 (Fig.3) contains a robust housing 8, in the combustion chamber 9 which has a charge of solid fuel 10, lashing through the grating 11, to allow the block, which is installed to allow the liner 12, the support ring 13 and the aperture of the free gap 14. In diverting attention from the GTG gas gazohodny pipe 3 is mounted trap aperture 2. Aperture 14 is designed to seal the combustion chamber and must be of high strength to withstand the static sea pressure up to values appropriate to limit the depth of DPS, as well as the possible dynamic loads (for example, due to exposure to anti-submarine weapons). On the other hand, it should break almost instantly when turned on GTG to work under pressure, a substantially smaller maximum pressure in the combustion chamber during operation (the higher devleopment gap). Therefore, the diaphragm whole or radar (torn into several parts) has a considerable thickness and weight, but is annular and radial (aperture radar) drillings. These grooves reduce the nominal value and the variations of pressure of the rupture of the diaphragm. In order to provide the necessary strength of the diaphragm from the external environment, use the support ring 13. Despite these measures, the burst pressure is large enough (70 kgf/cm2exceed the external hydrostatic pressure), and with considerable mass of the diaphragm (or part of it) becomes high kinetic energy. Consequently, there is a danger of damage to the diaphragm casing and equipment BTF. Also, getting in the Central part of the diaphragm can interfere with the operation of the equipment (for example, the closure of Salopek of kingstons). To stop the aperture cathodes the pipeline to secure its positioning relative to the direction of gas flow in accordance with the invention provides a trap aperture 2. Opposite Solovay block (Fig. 4), the gas generator includes a housing cover of the combustion chamber 15, which is installed g is soedinitel cable is connected to the control circuits and control 17. In the glass and partly in the combustion chamber is mounted device ignition charge (18,19,20 and 21) and in accordance with the invention is installed, the pressure detector 22, the working cavity which communicates with the combustion chamber. The gas generator prototype has no means of controlling the actual operation, which in terms of DPS is a disadvantage. Supply command signal on an incendiary device with the most reliable scheme initiation does not mean the actuation of the gas generator. The lack of control does not automatically connect another working gas generator and thereby avoid the loss of efficiency of rescue equipment, to avoid such unpleasant consequences as a dangerous roll in case of emergency ascent (when failure GTG with one Board by injecting each side separated BTF). In addition, when removing the gas generators for the return of the SUBMARINE to the database after emergency ascent is important to know that one of the GTG, namely so-and-so, did not work, and its removal and subsequent storage require compliance with certain security measures. An additional positive effect from the installation of the pressure detector is a possibility in processio loss of tightness and entering the camera seawater, fraught with wet charge of fuel and output GTG inoperable. Known diagnostic tools GTG (usually control the integrity and insulation resistance of control circuits) do not allow to establish the fact that the flooding of the combustion chamber). Trap bursting of the diaphragm (Fig.5), welded construction includes a housing 24, the Central power rod 25 with tip-fairing lashing in the housing 24 by means of a radial set of ribs 26 mounted with rings 27. The body of the trap is provided with mounting flanges 28 for mounting the trap as part of gazohodnogo pipeline. The design of the trap is designed so that the area of its minimum flow area greater than the critical nozzle GTG (so as not to affect the internal ballistic characteristics GTG), and the size of any of the holes formed adjacent ribs 26 and ring 27, to preclude slippage of the parts of the diaphragm. The trap is set by the tops of the ribs 26 in the direction GTG, power rod is made hollow and is provided with holes 29 for filling the internal cavity of the cooling water by gravity and thereby increasing thermal stability design flow high-temperature gasogen internal cylindrical and conical shells. The inner shell is formed of a flowing part of the device that receives the products of combustion from the GTG. The flow-through portion comprises a nozzle 30, the receiving chamber 31, the mixing chamber 32, the diffuser 33 and the output ring the bell 34, an indoor protective shield 35 has many holes 36. Between 37 external and internal cladding, formed adjacent sections 31-33, placed water pockets that are designed to receive the necessary amount of water. Fill pockets with water is in the process of completing BTF when submerged SUBMARINE through four holes 38 with ventilation air from the pockets through the four holes 39. Through these holes is provided to drain water from the pockets when the drainage BTF (without work GTG). To make the structure necessary rigidity in the cavity pockets installed brackets 40 with holes for flowing water 41. On the conical shell 31 of the reception chamber has four nozzles 42, for ejection of water injection from water pockets in the receiving chamber. To use the water found in pockets below the level of installation of nozzles provided for the intake tube 43, which is hermetically connected with the adoptive statename in the outer shell of the blowing device installed four cap 44 with a removable, resealable lid 45. Injection nozzle 42 is fixed in the slots of the receiving chamber 31 of the threaded fittings 46. In the nozzle body 47 has a nozzle 48. Adjust the flow of water through the nozzle is provided with installation determined by the size of the gap "a" between the conical surfaces of the body and spray. In adjusted position, the nozzle is fixed by means of nuts 49 and washer 50. To feed and atomization of the Veda in addition to the annular gap with a gap "a" in the sprayer has three lateral holes 51 with a diameter of 3 mm and one Central hole 52 with a diameter of 2 mm. The cavity "B" nozzles formed by the foster fitting 53. communicated with the cavity "B" through eight holes 54 with a diameter of 4 mm The blowing device is installed (Fig. 8) in a position close to the vertical, at a specific level by the height of the BTF, the distance "h" from the roof of the library, which is determined by the relation VO=NVp2, where VO- volume BTF above the horizontal plane passing through the point of intersection of the longitudinal axis of the device with the outer edge of the protective screen, m3; Vpfull blown volume BTF, m3; N - factor, numerical zoom. Before using the system for its intended purpose when the SUBMARINE submerged BTF completely filled with water. Water-filled water pockets and the flowing of the unit blowing BTF 4 and gazohodny pipeline 3, and are under hydrostatic pressure corresponding to the depth of the dive. When the emergency situation, causing the need for emergency surfacing SUBMARINE in surface position (the fire, the supply of sea water inside the hull, and others), the operator using controls (SU) 5 are chosen depending on the nature of the accident specific BTF from the number of equipped GTG and outputs a command signal to the ignition of the charges GTG to blowing these tanks. When using the control pilot pressure 6 SU automatically selects the number GTG for inclusion in the work depending on the depth of immersion, and the inclusion of GTG (ignition charges) is performed serially for each side of the divided tank - pairs) with the specified time interval between inclusions ,c. After ignition of the charge within a fraction of a second there is an increase in pressure in the combustion chamber to velicescu energy, which come in gazohodny pipeline 3 and further into the trap aperture 2, where delayed and installed in a safe position at the base of the longitudinal ribs 26, providing a further minimum resistance to gas flow in the pipeline. At the first second of operation GTG triggered the pressure detector 22, and delivers the SU signal occurs in the combustion chamber pressure, indicating the actual ignition of the propellant in GTG (in the absence of such a signal SU automatically connects instead of the failed GTG back). After the breakthrough of the diaphragm gaseous products of combustion of fuel almost instantly thrown into a BTF water, which fills the pipe 3 and the flowing of the unit blowing BTF 4. Then during the whole time GTG, the blowing device operates as follows (Fig.9). The products of combustion of fuel out of the nozzle block GTG highly directional jet, have, as a rule, the critical flow rate and temperature of 1200-1500oC. In the pipe 3, the flow area of which area 4-5 times more sections of the working nozzle GTG, there is a decrease in the gas temperature due to adiabatic expanded the working co-exist nozzle 30 of the device blowing BTF 4 the flow rate of combustion products increased again to a critical (or near to it, that depends on the ratio of the pressures in the combustion chamber GTG and BTF). High-speed gas stream, entering from the working nozzle 30 into the mixing chamber 32, due to the effect ejection creates a positive pressure differential between the BTF and the receiving chamber 31 of the device, the value of which for the same mode to the expiration of the combustion products is determined mainly by the ratio of the squares of the output section of the nozzle 30 and the mixing chamber 32, and the distance of the output section of the nozzle from the inlet section of the mixing chamber. Due to the specified differential pressure in the receiving chamber 31 of the device blowing injected water from water pockets through the annular gap and the injection hole of the nozzle. Thus, while the water level in the BTF above the ventilation holes 39 water pockets, the water flow from the pockets through the nozzle is compensated by the inflow of water into the pockets of the BTF through the vent 39 and the drain 38 of the hole pockets. When lowering the water level in BTF below the holes 39 water flow from the BTF in the pockets of stops and starts emptying his pockets through a nozzle. Part of the water from the pockets when it comes to BTF through the drain hole 38. Since the through holes 38 water you is on the water level in BTF, and after lowering the latter below the holes 38 - the height of the water level in the pockets above the openings 38) and because the holes 38 are provided with small diameter water flow through the holes is negligible compared to the flow through the nozzle. Injected into the intake chamber of the device the water gets on the external surface of the working nozzle 30, which due to the passage through the nozzle of the high temperature of combustion products at high speeds during the first 2-3 is heated to a high temperature. Water spray from nozzles, falling on the surface of the nozzle, boils, evaporates to form water vapor. Water vapor and a mist fond of the inlet chamber by the flow of products of combustion in the mixing chamber, where due to turbulence in the flow when braking there is intense mixing of combustion products with water vapor, evaporation of condensed moisture, cooling the combustion products and overheated water vapor. In the expanding diffuser device is further deceleration of the flow, which is then in the form of a homogeneous gas mixture with parameters set out in BTF. The choice of the volume of water pockets and regulirovka the required reduction temperature of the working gas to the values not exceeding 800oC. Selection of diffusers and flow area of the output ring bell provide the necessary speed reduction gas outlet in BTF 10-20 m/s Due to the structure of the output socket, provided with a conical divider flow and annular protective screen with many holes, and directing working gas in BTF, in the form of a cone of flame with a solution of 40odisparate axisymmetric jets, and thereby localize the zone of initial sparging gas water space adjacent to the output socket, reduce the power gas pressure at the water, as well as protect the design of the library, located above the device, from the effects of powerful jets of the working gas. In the initial period of blowing BTF working gas from the blowing device BTF 4 (UE) enters the ballast water filling BTF. Spatial-temporal characteristics of the contact interaction of the gas with water in this period, temperature, speed and the structure of the gas jets at the exit in BTF affect the quantitative characteristics of the significant effects of period, which are: the main heat loss of the gas to the ballast water; the influence of the conditions ohlazhdennim on the chemical composition of SS; mass loss of the substation as a result of partial dissolution and condensation of the individual components of the gas mixture; education in the tank mass of relatively cold gas, which is saturated with condensed moisture, with advanced heat transfer surfaces and a large heat capacity. Due to these effects the initial period dampens the overall thermodynamic tension of the blowing process, the source added to the working gas of water vapor, has a decisive impact on the energy characteristics of the process as a whole and plays a decisive role in the composition of the underlying causes for the variations of the parameters and characteristics of the process for tanks with significant geometric, large-scale and structural differences. In Fig. 10 shows the typical dependence V = f(), curve 1, and = f(), curve 2, for blown volume BTF (V,m3and the intensity of blowing (m3/s) during the time blowing (c) reflecting all the characteristics and stages of development of the process of blowing. Contact interaction environments the initial period takes place at the site (0-EOI). On the plot is the evaporation of condensed moisture received in the emerging gas cushion in reselling intensity, indicating a quasi-stationary manifestation of processes of heat and mass transfer during this period. Given the peculiarities of the process of blowing BTF high temperature products of combustion of solid fuels lead to the need to take measures to stabilize the physical conditions of the process, in which the calculated dependence for the energy characteristics of a function of depth would be provided regardless of the geometry, scale and design features of the city Central SQUARE, to the need to ensure close physical similarity of the processes of blowing a BTF with these differences. Since the initial period, being crucial for the energy performance of the whole process, in turn, in all their significant effects is determined by the hydrodynamics of the interaction of PS with water, in accordance with the invention close physical similarity of the processes of blowing various tanks provide by ensuring strict similarity of hydrodynamic processes in the initial period. Further, the distortion degree of similarity of processes in General (inevitable due to the lack of geometric similarity tanks), is reduced to a level that virtually no impact on issleduemaya carry out due to the constructive design of the scheme supply products of combustion from the GTG in the tank, in accordance with the above, provide: 1) use the same type and individual for each GTG devices blowing BTF (UE); 2) the UE ensure ejection of the injection and evaporation in turbulent flow of high temperature gases dispersed ballast water with the formation of the vapor-gas mixture at a reduced temperature at the inlet of the tank; 3) the UE reduce the speed of the output vapor-gas mixture (ASG) in the tank forces acting on the water by locating the zone of interaction between the media space, directly adjacent to the output socket of the UE; 4) the UE provides the output of the calibration gas in the tank with the same orientation of the resultant flux vector in the space close to the vertical; 5) the UE provides the output of the calibration gas in the upper part of the tank, limiting the zone of interaction between environments so as to perform consistency for different tanks on equal back pressures the coefficient of velocity increment blowingwnumerically equal to the ratio of the maximum speed blowing in the process to average velocity of ventilation at the time GTG (C, Fig.10). At the same time provide: the similarity of hydrodynamic and Teplova the hydrodynamic similarity and equality of thermodynamic and thermophysical parameters supplied in the tank ASG. Indeed, a necessary condition for the equivalence of two unsteady flow of a viscous fluid is the same conditions of uniqueness and dimensionless numbers similarity fruda, Fr =2/(Fl); Reynolds (l/); Euler, Eu = P/(2); Strugala, Sh = l/(), where l, F, P and respectively the length, velocity, mass, force, pressure and time, typical tasks. For the case of identical GTG, equal back pressures and distinguishing features of the scheme of gas supply by p. 1-4 invariance of the conditions of uniqueness and numbers of similarity Fr, Re and Eu, composed of the parameters characterizing the input of the calibration gas in the tank, automatically. Invariance numbers of Sh, which is the expression of temporal homogeneity of the processes is provided by the conditions under item 5, since the characteristic durationwreflects the proportional contribution of the initial period in the rate development process blowing in General. Another, more convenient for practical use, the form of expression of the temporal homogeneity of the processes is above the ratio of VO= NVp2, where VO- volume BTF over the place of introduction of the mixture, m3; Vpfull blown volume BTF, m3; N is a constant value, chislennoi parameters supplied to the tank ASG is provided by the adequacy of the cooling conditions PS (p. 2); the close similarity of processes blowing in General, regardless of the characteristics of the tanks. As it follows from the analysis of the balance equation of heat after the initial period features tanks can influence the characteristics of the process of blowing only through different portions of the heat loss calibration gas to heat the metal tanks. To reduce the extent of this influence by giving scheme provide for the minimization of these costs heat by blowing tanks of gas-vapor mixture at a reduced temperature as compared to "dry" gas reduces the temperature pressure and increase thermal resistance of the heat dissipation; optimization of the characteristics of the blowing process and, in particular, high thermal efficiency while simultaneously acceptable level of thermal load on the metal BTF. In Fig. 11 presents received in accordance with the invention dependence for the specific fuel consumption (per 1 m3blown volume BTF) - q kg/m3implemented in the system depending on the pressure in the BTF in the process of blowing PC(in relative terms - qi/ qmaxand which is used to determine suganya. In Fig. 12 presents received in accordance with the invention the characteristics of the working gas mixture in the BTF and the maximum temperature on the surface of the "wall" BTF depending on the pressure in the BTF injecting 1 - surface temperature "wall" BTF; 2 - the temperature of saturated water vapor; 3 - the rate of volatilization of Gp/Gg; 4 - volumetric average temperature of the gas mixture in the library at the end of the blowing (with a maximum temperature of gas mixture at the outlet in BTF equal to 800oC). The characteristics obtained when the potential of solid fuel 600 kcal/kg, while thermal efficiency gain in the range of 0.5-0.6 (with increasing PCthe numerical value of the coefficient increases), which indicates a high level of efficiency and reduced warm-up "walls" in comparison with the known devices blowing in 2-3 times. The system is effective at depths of up to considerably exceeding the limit for a modern nuclear SUBMARINE, by blowing selected groups BTF during 10-20 s, and with increasing depth time blowing decreases. The system has been pilot tested at the stated high performance technical solutions and measures in accordance with the invention to create a system emergency ascent, meet the task. 1. Emergency ascent underwater vehicle, comprising a number of similar gas generators, controls start in only a given number of generators depending on the depth of immersion, characterized in that it includes generators, having a combustion chamber with a charge of solid fuel (GTG), the device ignition of the propellant, to allow the block and breaking the aperture, sealing the combustion chamber, equipped with devices flush tank main ballast (BTF), kaskadnye pipelines to connect them with GTG and traps rupture diaphragms GTG, and the blowing device installed directly in the BTF, the generators installed in permeable parts mezhdunarodnogo space, and traps rupture diaphragms mounted in gezahegne pipelines, and the area of the minimum flow area of the trap is larger than the area of the critical section of the nozzle GTG, this device blowing BTF placed in the upper part of the city hospital, in a position close to the vertical and away from the roof of the library, which is the ratio Vo= N Vp2, where Vo- volume BTF above Horiz is on screen, m3; Vpfull blown volume BTF, m3; N is the coefficient of proportionality, the numerical value of which is determined experimentally, 1/m3. 2. The system under item 1, characterized in that GTG is equipped with a level switch pressure in the combustion chamber. 3. The system under item 1, characterized in that the trap of the bursting diaphragm is made in the form of a hollow security rod with a fairing, with openings for filling the internal cavity of the cooling water by gravity, installed the fairing towards the GTG and lashing in the cylindrical housing of the trap longitudinal ribs running axially symmetric rings. 4. The blowing device BTF for emergency ascent underwater vehicle, including water pockets, characterized in that it comprises coaxial cylindrical external and internal cylindrical and conical shells, between which is placed a water pockets, inner shell to form a flow of the device as installed in series desktop nozzle, an inlet chamber, a mixing chamber, the diffuser and the output ring of the bell, on the shell of the reception chamber installed nozzles-R the I conical surfaces with adjustable spatial gap between them, and tightly docked intake tubes in the outer cylindrical shell mounted spout with removable resealable lids, and the output ring a bell provided with a conical divider flow with the angle between the generators at the apex, equal to 40oand annular protective screen installed in the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the device, and having openings, the total area of which equals or exceeds the area of the bore of the mixing chamber. 5. The way emergency ascent underwater vehicle by blowing BTF gas-vapor mixture of products of combustion of solid fuel and water vapor with a discrete choice of consumed fuel, depending on the depth of immersion, characterized in that water vapor form directly from water in the amount of BTF by spraying on a metal surface, the heated gaseous products of combustion of solid fuel, the water vapor is directed into the stream of gaseous combustion products, providing overheating and intensive mixing of steam with the gas due to turbulence in the flow by sudden braking, the resulting gas-vapor mixture is fed to BTF at a temperature not exceeding 800othe Akela with a solution of ~ 40oupward with providing the resultant flux vector in the direction close to perpendicular relative to the main plane of the underwater vehicle and the place of introduction of the mixture in the tank is selected based on the meet value, reflecting the conditions of constancy of the equity contribution of the spatial-temporal interaction of products of combustion of the fuel with water in the initial period of blowing in the components of the equations of heat and mass balances of the process of blowing in General: Vo= N Vp2, where Vo- volume BTF over the place of introduction of the mixture, m3; Vpfull blown volume BTF, m3; N - specific per 1 m3volume Vpthe volume ratio Vo/Vpdetermined experimentally, the required mass of solid fuel is selected depending on the depth of immersion, and gas-vapor mixture to blowing BTF form by successive ignition of the fuel charges, and the discreteness of the set of the required mass of fuel and the time interval of the sequential ignition of the charges selected based on the strength properties of the BTF and bandwidth installed in N. the rows of fuel produced sequentially in pairs.
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