The method of orientation of erythrocytes in the liquid crystal medium |
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IPC classes for russian patent The method of orientation of erythrocytes in the liquid crystal medium (RU 2112264):
 Ferroelectric liquid crystal display cell / 2092883
The invention relates to electro-optical devices and can be used to create information displays, imaging devices, Svetozarov
 The discovery of the nature of the alleged luminiferous ether / 2049312
The invention relates to physics
 Liquid-crystal space-time light modulator on base of fullerene-containing pyridine structures for display and television technique / 2296354
Device has to multiplayer electro-optic structure, which is formed by film of nematic liquid crystal (NLC) sensitized by photosensitive complex with charge transfer on base of system, which has to be photosensitive pyridine fullerene-structure. To orient molecules of LC the orienting coating is used made on base of film of non-photosensitive polyimide.
 Liquid crystal spatial light modulator (versions) / 2340923
Present invention pertains to measurement techniques. The liquid crystalline substance used in the modulator, which fills the space between current conducting coatings, is a smectic C*-type composition with ferroelectric properties, capable of forming in its layer, spatially inhomogeneous structures, with high speed modulating phase of the transmitted light, under the effect of pulsed alternating electrical voltage. The light is modulated using one spatially inhomogeneous modulating element, whose surface area is equal to the aperture of the whole modulator, with solid current conducting coatings on the whole aperture. The pulsed control alternating electrical voltage is applied to the single pair of current conducting coatings. In the second version, one of the current conducting coatings is reflective.
 Liquid-crystal space-time light modulator based on fullerene containing pyridine structures with orienting coatings based on carbon nanotubes / 2341818
Proposed device is a multilayered electro-optical structure, consisting of a film of a nematic liquid crystal, sensitised by a light-sensitive charge-transfer complex which is based on a system consisting of light-sensitive pyridine structure and fullerene. For orientation of the molecules of the liquid crystal, an orienting coating based on carbon nanotubes is used.
 Polarising films for visible spectrum range with nanostructured surface based on hydrocarbon nanotubes / 2426157
Polarising iodic-polyvinyl film for laser, television, display and medical equipment, for construction of spatial time light modulators, display pixels, limit stops, laser radiation switches, eye protection means for welders, pilots of aircrafts. It contains iodinated polyvinyl alcohol, with low content of acetate groups, as polarisation base; at that, both film surfaces are nanostructured with single-wall carbon nanotubes by their laser application to film surfaces by means of CO2 laser and orientation in electric field with intensity of 50-200 V/m.
 Multistable electrooptic element with polarisers / 2428733
Element has two parallel transparent plates with transparent electrodes on inner sides between which there is a film of a capsular polymer of cholesteric liquid crystal, and the cholesteric liquid crystal used is a mixture of an ionic surfactant and a cholesteric liquid crystal with arbitrary value of dielectric anisotropy. On the outer sides of the transparent plates there are crossed polarisers.
 Ferroelectric lcd cell / 2430393
Proposed cell comprises two flat translucent plates arranged in parallel one above the other. Polaroids are applied on one side of said plates and translucent current conducting coats connected to alternating voltage source are applied on their opposite side. Cell comprises also ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) arranged between said coats of plates to vary its optical anisotropy at electric field effects. FLC layer thickness - d, helicoid pitch- p0 and boundary conditions defined by factor Wq are selected subject to the following conditions: Kφq0 2 ~Wq/d, where Kφ is modulus defining FLC deformation along azimuthal angle φ; q0 is deformation wave vector; Wq is square factor of power of FLC-to-adjoining surface adhesion.
 Liquid-crystal space-time modulator of light based on complex of polyimide-quantum points of row cdse(zns), cds/zns, inp/zns for display, television equipment and systems of laser radiation switching / 2459223
Liquid crystal space-time light modulator is proposed, representing a multilayer electro-optical structure comprising a film of a nematic liquid crystal (NLC) sensitised with a photosensitive complex with a charge transfer on the basis of the system: polyimide-quantum points of the row CdSe(ZnS), CdS/ZnS, InP/ZnS. To align LC molecules, an aligning coating is used on the basis of non-photosensitive polyimide films. When this device is functioning, it is proposed to use a permanent or a pulse lighting and a pulse supply voltage.
 Polarising films for visible spectrum range having nanostructured surface based on carbon nanotubes and nanofibres / 2498373
Polarising film is a film of iodised polyvinyl alcohol with a mixture of carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibres deposited on two sides by laser deposition using p-polarised radiation of a CO2 laser at wavelength 10.6 mcm, as well as orientation the deposited nanostructures in an electric field with strength of 50-200 V/m.
 Ferroelectric liquid crystal display cell / 2503984
Ferroelectric liquid crystal display cell has two flat transparent plates arranged in parallel one above the other, on one side of which there are polaroids and on the other - transparent current-conducting coatings which are connected to an alternating-sign voltage source, on the surface of which a direction is selected for providing uniform orientation of liquid crystal molecules, a ferroelectric liquid crystal situated in the space between the transparent current-conducting coatings of the plates and which varies its optical anisotropy under the effect of an electric field. The crystal is non-helicoidal, and the values of rotational viscosity, spontaneous polarisation and modulus of elasticity, which determines deformation along smectic layers, are in a ratio to each other which provides periodic spatial deformations along the smectic layers and a characteristic relationship between birefringence of the display cell and alternating frequency of the electric field.
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(57) Abstract: Usage: in optical instrumentation. The inventive method is that when you create an LCD cell with a concentration of erythrocytes from 1 to 10% of the total mass of the sample, use of a nematic liquid crystal as a matrix and orienting surface on the basis of the solution of fluoropolymer in a mixture of acetone with toluene followed by flannel polishing cloth. The orientation of LC molecules along the lines of rubbing involving tracking discontinuities leads to the creation of uncompensated dipole moment in associates that cause the attraction of blood cells and their alignment along one direction. 1 Il. The invention relates to the field of optical instrument, in particular to technological methods of creating electro-optical devices based on liquid crystals (LC), and can be used to Orient the red blood cells of a person for the purpose of blood testing in the schemes of correlators and other systems, optical information processing. It is known that a large part of moving through the vessels of blood cells are erythrocytes (51012DM-3) [1]. Normal is quick to recover its normal shape after passing through the capillaries. Red blood cells perform important for the human body functions: breathing, plastic, transport, buffer. It is now established that changing the configuration of erythrocytes is associated with the emergence of various kinds of pathologies. In this regard, the registration of these changes, for example, optical methods is an important and urgent task. However, the application of optical systems for information processing, for example, correlators van-der-Luhta and joint transform [2] is difficult because they lack invariance with respect to shifts of the individual elements in the tested blood sample (and erythrocytes are very mobile and, therefore, cannot give a correct assessment of the degree of configuration changes real erythrocyte compared with the reference discocytes. In this regard, the first priority is fixing erythrocytes and their alignment along one direction in order to significantly reduce the degrees of freedom of the cells. A known method of fixation of cells is selected as the analogue of [3], where the analysis of erythrocytes was performed by fixing their form aldehydes and alcohols. Used the method of light scattering from cells of different configurations. Card is concentrically circles. When the deviation from the reference scattering pattern was recorded the change in the shape of red blood cells and have been calculated percentage distribution of real erythrocytes in groups. However, the described method has significant drawbacks. The light scattering environments, consisting of a large number of particles, significantly complicated and differs from the scattering of individual particles. This is due to the effects of multiple scattering when light scattered by a single particle, again scattered by other particles. Given the fact that erythrocytes are constantly moving, these effects greatly complicate the analysis of paintings scattering and comparison with separate, appropriately related to the result of the scattering cell. A known method of fixation of erythrocytes, selected as a prototype [4] , where for the assessment of cell shape used method aldehyde fixation under conditions of isotone to avoid excessive retraction and secondary deformation of the cellular elements. The marked sensitivity of the method is high enough and avoids loss of vital functions of erythrocytes. However, the method assumes a uniform distribution of blood cells in your chemical is tion processing, shear sensitive and linear movements of erythrocytes. The aim of the invention is to optimize the method of orientation, fixation and visualization of red blood cells in the LCD environment due to structural and physical characteristics of the LCD molecules. This goal is achieved by the fact that in the known method for evaluation of cell shape is applied aldehyde fixation, use the medium based on liquid crystals. Replacement aldehydes nematic liquid crystal mesophase changes the conditions of interaction of cellular inclusions with a matrix environment and ensures the alignment of erythrocytes along the lines of rubbing the LCD cells. The latter significantly reduces the number of degrees of freedom of erythrocytes without loss of vital functions of cells, which can be used to assess the extent of changes to the configuration of cells in ways coherent optical information processing. Comparative analysis of the prototype shows that the inventive method is characterized by the fact that the alignment of human blood erythrocytes using a matrix environment other composition - a liquid crystal mesophase. Thus, the claimed method meets the criteria of the invention of "novelty." Invented the automatic LCD environment without the use of orienting coating, erythrocytes in nematic LCD environment using orienting surfaces. Test specimens consisted of a glass mesh size 25x25 mm2the width of the gap of 10 μm, which were placed inside the structure of the nematic entered the cell size of 5 to 7 μm. Thus, the thickness of the cell was allowed to enter a single layer of cells, which significantly facilitate further study of the behavior of erythrocytes in LCD environment. Erythrocytes were added to the nematic liquid crystal in an amount of from 1 to 10% of the total mass of the mixture. The first group of cells was made without the use of orienting coating, the second - with the use of orientate based on the solution of fluoropolymer in a mixture of acetone toluene. Choice organic orientate was associated with the fact that, as was shown in [5], the properties of the orienting film significantly affect the dynamic characteristics of the LCD and largely determine the angle of the LCD molecules to the surface of the substrate. Because the greatest contrast and speed were obtained using an orienting polymer coatings, working with the above composition, of course, prevails over the use of the oxide of orientaton. Orienting film was obtained method is cheek S-type. As the original matrix was used nematic LCD compositions on the basis of cyanobiphenyls. Features LCD, namely, that their structural elements are connected relatively weak dispersion forces [6] , lead to the fact that the mesophase can be used as the matrix for the development of composite materials [7]. The blood represented the cells of various size and configuration, which allowed to observe features of the alignment of erythrocytes along the lines of rubbing. For experiments in polarized light microscope was used LUMAM-2I with photonically. The drawing shows consistently the results of the research capabilities of the alignment of erythrocytes in LCD medium; a corresponds to the initial preparation of the blood without the use of LCD; b defines a sufficiently even distribution of blood cells in the LCD environment without laying molecules of the LCD along the lines of rubbing; c illustrates a picture of the location of the erythrocytes in the LCD using the orientation of the coatings obtained in polarized light when placing the cell between the polarizer and the analyzer, the angle between which was 45o. As can be seen from the drawing, the red blood cells, not the two rubbing, due to the static field polarization. Relevant heterogeneity may be associated with microcrystalline blocks, twin inclusions in crystals, dislocations subsurface layers in the surface processing [8] and so on Naturally, the application of orientate smooths out the rough edges and substantially affects the change in the anisotropy of surface forces, however, the primary information on the characteristics of surface heterogeneity is retained in the surface layers and changes the functionality of the free energy of nearby molecules of the LCD. These reasons can lead to the displacement of the overlapping areas in associates, consisting of two molecules of the LCD covered with hard cores and antiparallel orientation [9] . The dipole moment of stretching vibrations of communication C N, oriented along the long axis of the rigid core of the molecule cyanobiphenyl, is nekompensirovanna that cause the attraction of red blood cells and their orientation along the borders of heterogeneity mesophases. Analyzing the data obtained in the experiment, we can draw the following conclusions. The proposed new use LCD compositions for alignment of red blood cells chelovecheski information processing, and in medicine. Indeed, on the one hand, the observed effect of the orientation of erythrocytes in LCD facilitates the counting of cells and can be used to quantify the erythrocytes of different shape and size, carried out by means of electronic, fluorescent, phase - contrast light microscopy [3,4]. The configuration of the erythrocyte has a great diagnostic value and carries additional information about the functional state of the human body along with blood, as the color and the concentration of hemoglobin. On the other hand, a significant deceleration of the movement of red blood cells in the LCD (due to viscosity), compared with fixation of aldehydes and alcohols, allows a fairly accurate correlation processing of the blood smear when comparing normal blood cells and cells with the observed pathology, along with x-ray analysis may not be less informative, but much more safe, do not result in the loss of the biological functions of the cytoplasm and organelles of the cells. Similar studies are available for conducting experiments on scattering of radiation of different wavelengths (ultraviolet range, the visible region, the middle, for example by transferring them in the process of development of the disease, on erythrocytes and other blood cells. They will allow you to create automated systems detect the earliest reactions of blood at the cellular and subcellular levels, oriented to the search of the subtle mechanisms of adaptation to the effects of electromagnetic fields. The sources of information. 1 Ignatiev B. B., Kidalov B. H., B. O. Samoilov, Saturday A. G., Sukhovetsky H. B., Sasin R. I. Reaction of erythrocytes moving the blood of mammals on the constant and pulsed electromagnetic fields of low frequency range. // Physiological journal. I. M. Sechenov, I. 81,- C. 12, 1995, S. 115-120. 2 Vasiliev A. A., Casasent D., Kompanets, I. N., Parfenov A. C. Spatial light modulators. - M.: Radio and communication. 1987. S. 320. 3 E. Konstantinova Century, Bibikova L. A., Kidalov Century. N. To use modern erythrocyte markers of stress state of the body. // Zhur. human ecology, T. 1., Century 1, 1994, S. 26 - 32. 4 Kidalov B. H., Lysak C. F. a Quantitative erythrogramma and the possibility of its use in clinic and experiment. // Laboratory work.- C. 8., 1989, S. 36 - 40 (prototype). 5 N. Kamanina. C. Temporal characteristics of nematic liquid crystal cells with different orientation p Press. 1979. 494 R. 7 Zharkova, M., Sonin A. C. Liquid crystal composites. - Novosibirsk: Nauka, S. 214, 1994. 8 Aero E. L. Birefringence of nematic liquid crystals near surface defects. // Optics and spectroscopy, T. 60, Century 2, 1986, S. 347 - 353. 9 Averianov E. M. , Zhuikov C. A., Shabanov C. F., Adomenas P. C. Study of orientational order and phase transitions in liquid crystals 4-alkyl-4'-cyanobiphenyls method polarized IR-spectroscopy. // Kristallogr. so 27, V. 2, 1982, S. 333-341. 1. The method of orientation of erythrocytes in liquid crystal display (LCD) environment, including the location of the LCD cell between the polarizer and the analyzer, the angle between them is 45o, characterized in that use LCD mesophase and the alignment of red blood cells along one direction due to the ability of the LCD molecules to line up along the lines of rubbing and to detect the presence of the boundaries of the heterogeneity of the substrate. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that in the studied LCD cells with erythrocytes using organic polymer orientat.
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