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Measurement of absolute free fall acceleration at movable base and gravity meters to this end Absolute laser gravity meters and relative gravity meter are mounted aboard the ship. Multiple intervals of path and time are measured by laser interferometer of absolute gravity meter. Signal variable component is isolated relative to relative gravity meter. Test body throw instruction is generated. Note here that test body throw is carried out at the base minimum vertical displacement speed calculated by integral of relative gravity meter signal component caused by ship roll. Working section of test body flight path is divided in quanta of interference signal. Adjacent quanta flight time interval difference is used to calculate instantaneous sums of free fall acceleration and base motion. Said magnitudes are averaged to get the sum of accelerations measured at throw. At test body flight time interval averaged is the relative gravity meter signal variable component. Mean magnitude of variable component is calculated from said measured sum of acceleration to store it as the measured free fall acceleration. Several throws are performed. Free fall accelerations are averaged over assemblage of throws. Obtained true free fall acceleration is used to correct the readings of relative gravity meter. For implementation of this method, absolute gravity meter (1) is placed on the base (4) and includes catapult (2) and interference pulse counter (3). Relative gravity meter (5) is placed nearby. Both gravity meters (1, 5) are connected with computer (6). Computer (6) comprises extra the unit (7) of instantaneous summed accelerations, unit (8) of mean summed acceleration, filter (9), integrator (10) of base velocity development, base mean acceleration unit (11), two comparator circuits (12, 13), accumulator (14), true free fall acceleration unit (15) and command unit (16). |
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Method includes performing a series throws of a proofmass at different inclinations of a gravimeter platform; in each throw, determining acceleration of free fall, finding the minimum value of acceleration in the series of throws and the corresponding platform inclination and fixing the platform at said inclination. A laser ballistic gravimeter, having a platform, accelerometers and motors, is disclosed for carrying out the method. The gravimeter includes a system for controlling insertion into the vertical line of the laser beam, having a matching unit, having a matrix structure whose row cells are the measured values of acceleration of free fall, platform inclination angles, control signals and switches, and the columns are comparison cells. The control system also includes a common bus, a search unit, a strategy unit and an adder. |
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Present invention relates to a device for direct measurement of components of a gravitational gradiometer tensor, namely of nondiagonal components of the tensor, and to a method of measuring the said tensor components, and refers to navigation and exploration (for example, detection of cavities), to exploration works, to underwater navigation and exploration, ground and sea archaeology, medicine and space exploration (for example, to obtain density maps of asteroids and other orbital bodies of the Solar system). The proposed group of inventions includes a device to measure quasi-static gravity gradients comprising a stressed flexible tape being held by both ends, recording units intended to detect the transverse shift of the tape from an undisturbed position under the influence of the gravitational filed affecting the said tape and to generate a signal indicating the shift and output units connected to the said recording units and generating an output signal in response to the said signal, the output signal is the function of the tensor of the gravitational field gravity gradient; the tape is characterised by uneven distribution of stiffness and/or mass along its length, so in the course of operation the response of the tape shift is amplified by the gravitational field gravity gradient and/or the response of the tape shift is suppressed by the absolute gravity acceleration of the gravitational field, the method to measure quasi-static gravity gradients is proposed as well. |
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Method for rapid prediction of earthquakes and apparatus for realising said method Pairs of gravitational variometers, turned in the azimuth relative each other by an angle which is not a multiple of 90°, are mounted. The pairs of variometers are mounted on at least three seismic stations from which directions to the earthquake source and points of intersection of said directions are determined. The moment in time when torque in each variometer changes is measured. When the torque in each variometer changes, oscillating angles of the torsional system relative horizontal axes are measured. Values of the arc tangent of their ratio and the resultant amplitude of the angle are calculated. The direction towards the earthquake source is determined from the averaged arc tangent value. The apparatus for implementing the present method has in each gravitational variometer a torsional system with a dumbbell yoke, sensors (4) for measuring oscillation angles thereof relative three axes and sensors (5) for measuring the moment of the system for measuring torque relative the vertical axis. Each pair of gravitational variometers also includes a computing device (7). Outputs of the computing device (7) are connected to outputs of the angle sensors (4) and inputs of sensors (5) of the moment of the gravitational variometers. |
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Device and method for measurement of gravitational acceleration Method implies measurement of gravitational acceleration by measuring the deformation of primary mechanic transducer of gravimetric sensor with the deformation being proportional to the gravity force of test mass. The acceleration value is supplemented by a comparison measure - value of centripetal acceleration affecting the sensor test mass together with the gravity force. |
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Method involves monitoring displacement of a laser beam reflected from a freely falling body using a video camera, calculating the angle of deviation of the laser beam from the vertical using the recorded video and correcting the direction of the beam in the required direction. |
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Method and device for measurement of gravity acceleration Proposed method involves determination of angular rotation speed of a spinner and angular precession speed of the spinner in straight and reverse positions of the spinner. A disk with through holes in the form of a segment, which is put on an axis, is used as a spinner. Angular rotation speed of the spinner is determined as per the number of intersections of light flux with the disk segments per unit of time. Angular precession speed of the spinner is determined as per the number of intersections of light flux with the spinner axis. Gravity acceleration is calculated by formula g = R 2 ( ω 1 ω 2 + ω 3 ω 4 ) 2 L , where ω1 - angular rotation speed of the spinner and ω2 - angular precession speed of the spinner in straight position, and ω3 - angular rotation speed of the spinner and ω4 - angular precession speed of the spinner in reverse position, L - spinner axis length, R - disk radius. |
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Ballistic gravimeter has a proofmass 1 with an optical angle reflector 2, a vacuum chamber 3 and an optical radiator 4. At the bottom 5 of the vacuum chamber 3 on dampers 6 there is a solid force plate 7 on which there is a coil 8 with a winding 9, guide elements in form of upright posts 10 with a circular cross-section and horizontal supports 11 with vertical sections 12. An armature 13 is connected to a force disc 14 in which are ordered three openings 15 with bearings 16 which grip the upright posts 10. A guide cone 17 is joined to the bottom of the proofmass 1. An induction-dynamic type electromechanical drive has a movable armature 13 and a fixed winding 9 connected to a capacitive energy storage by two antiparallel-connected control thyristors. |
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Processing of gravity survey data Method of processing of measured data of a potential field in aviation or marine surveys of the potential field includes identification of an array of field mapping parameters for field mapping and introduction of potential field data into the processor. Measured data of the potential field contains data that identify multiple measurements of the potential field, each with the appropriate position of measurement and time of measurement. The array of field mapping parameters is identified using a model containing a combination of a spatial part displaying spatial variation of the specified potential field, and a time area displaying time noise in the specified measured data of the potential field. Besides, the specified identification includes adaptation of measured data of the potential field both to spatial and time parts of the specified model. |
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Invention can be used for determination of gravity force acceleration (GFA) on a moving object to perform a marine gravimetric survey. According to the above method, acceleration is measured as fixed relative to the object with a gravimeter; site latitude φ, path α, absolute velocity VH of the object movement is determined with a navigation aid and angle β is determined between vector of absolute velocity VH of the object movement and the horizon plane, curvature radius p of the movement trajectory of sensitive system of gravimetre, and GFA g0 is calculated as per the obtained data as per the following equation: |
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Gravimeter has in a vacuum chamber a ballistic unit with a falling proof mass with a built-in laser interferometer reflector - a device for measuring displacement of the proof mass. The proof mass reflector can be made not only cornered, but also in form of a circular cone with an inner reflecting conical surface with angle of 45° between the generatrix and the axis of the cone. The proof mass is positioned in a top initial position by its top surface, coaxially with the axis of symmetry of a guide rod and a corresponding opening interfaced with it, said opening being located in a fixed flange, and is fixed in the initial position by holding a flexible member on the end of the rod in a fixed position. The ballistic unit also has a trap mounted on the conical section of the free fall trajectory of the proof mass, and a bogie for raising the proof mass to the initial position with a controlled drive. |
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Invention relates to laser interferometer gravitational wave (GW) detectors and can be used to detect low-frequency periodic GW signals from double relativistic astrophysical objects. According to the invention, the GW detector has an active element with working medium, three totally reflecting mirrors, two semitransparent separating mirrors and a photodetector with a signal processing unit, which is the output of the GW detector. These components form two travelling wave optical resonators. The invention is characterised by that the optical resonators include polarisers and the second resonator includes additional three totally reflecting mirrors. The distance between components of the resonators is such that optical lengths of the resonators are equal, while providing mutually orthogonal polarisation of radiation thereof, and the angle between optical radiation incident on and reflected from the second semitransparent separating mirror is less than 45 degrees. The GW detector reacts to gravitational radiation only with a horizontal polarisation vector, parallel to three additional totally reflecting mirrors. |
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Device with improved light source and detector for gravimeter and measuring method Device for measuring gravitational acceleration inside a well bore has a light source having a semiconductor with a bandgap greater than about 2 eV, and a gravimeter for receiving light radiation from the light source, which provides output light radiation with a characteristic associated with gravitational acceleration, using a nano-electromechanical system (NEMS) and/or a mciro-electromechanical system (MEMS), which are made in a substrate, wherein the light source and the gravimeter lie in a housing adapted to be lowered into the well bore. The device can have an optical filter and the gravimeter can have a test load. The invention also relates to a measuring method and a system for measuring gravitational acceleration. |
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System for adjusting surface topography Method involves inputting measured potential field data containing data which determine the time series of potential field measurements recorded through measurements of a potential field arranged on a movable platform, each of said measurements having associated data which determine positions of said measurements as a function of time; inputting surface topography data which determine spatial deviation of the captured surface topography; determining time-domain correction data which must be applied to said measured potential field data in the time domain, said determination using said surface topography data and said associated data which determine positions of said measurements as a function of time; bandwidth compensation; and correcting said measured potential field data which determine said time series of potential field measurements using said time-domain correction data to provide surface topography-corrected measured potential field data for said mapping of said field. |
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Method of defining pressure in interwell space Proposed method comprises measuring gravitational field at well locations and bed pressure at well bottom, revealing dependence between said magnitudes, measuring gravitational field at earth surface in interwell space zone and defining bed pressure in said zone from derived dependencies. In the case of gas deposits, bed pressure at external boundary of reservoir in interwell space zone is defined by special equation. Note here that factors in said equation are defined from dependencies obtained experimentally for well locations between gravitational field variation during deposit development monitoring, bed pressure variation and difference between gravity difference between adjacent sets of measurements. In the case of oil deposits, bed pressure at external boundary of reservoir is defined from another special equation. Note here that factors in this equation are defined from dependencies obtained at well locations on total volume of hydrocarbons extracted from well for time t at total yield q. |
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Method and apparatus for measuring gravitational acceleration Method and apparatus for measuring gravitational acceleration are based on determining angular velocity of rotation of a gyroscope and angular velocity of precession of the gyroscope. The angular velocity of rotation of the gyroscope is determined from the number of light reflections from the disc per unit time, and the angular velocity of precession of the gyroscope is determined from the number of precessions of light flux by the axis of the gyroscope. Gravitational acceleration is calculated using the formula where ω1 is the angular velocity of rotation of the gyroscope, ω2 is the angular velocity of precession of the gyroscope, R is the radius of the disc, l is the distance from the base of the axis to the centre of gravity of the gyroscope, which is in form of disc with light-reflecting segments. |
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Method of searching for oil and gas deposits CDP survey is carried out in a deep modification. Dynamic anomalies are identified, from which oil-bearing channels are predicted and localised. Investigation is then carried out via 2D or 3D CDP survey to trace the oil-bearing channels. Further, the gravitational field instability is studied at the territory where the oil-bearing channels come out. To this end, non-uniform gravity measurements are taken on points installed on the location and change in gravitational field over time is determined on each of the points. Said gravity measurements are taken on profiles which cross the projection of channels selected by seismic survey onto the ground surface. The degree of activity of the oil-bearing channels is determined from the gravitational field instability. Further, horizontal wells are drilled across the stretch of the active channels or at an angle of 60-120° and said wells are investigated, results of which determine permeable affluent zones - the oil-bearing channels being sought. |
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Invention relates to laser interferometer gravitational wave (GW) detectors and can be used to detect low-frequency periodic GW signals from double relativistic astrophysical objects. According to the invention, the reference resonator of the GW detector includes a cell with nonlinearly absorbing gas, wherein the oscillating frequency of the reference resonator is associated with the frequency of nonlinear absorption resonance of the gas molecules, which enables to make the reference resonator insensitive to the effect of gravitational radiation, which enables the GW detector to detect a GW signal from any direction. The GW detector based on a laser with a signal and a reference resonator enables to keep the reference resonator insensitive to the effect of gravitational radiation for any direction of propagation of the detected GW signal. |
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Gradiometric seismic receiver is a physical pendulum with three degrees of freedom on angular oscillations relative the suspension point. Its working body is a dumb-bell arm. Angular oscillations of the pendulum relative three axes are picked up by angle sensors. The position of the pendulum on the azimuth coordinate is controlled by an automatic control system whose actuating element is a torque sensor, and the feedback element is an angle sensor between the arm and the housing of the device. The effective length of the pendulum corresponds to oscillations in the frequency range 0.1-1 Hz, and its value is determined by the ratio between the Q-factor of the resonance tuning of the physical pendulum circuit and the double ratio of the square of the effective length to the square of the greatest radius of inertia of the arm. |
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Gravitational variometre has a torsional system with a working body in form of a dumb-bell balancing arm. The invention is characterised by that the torsional system as a physical pendulum is tuned into resonance at one of the frequencies of the spectrum of surface waves emitted from a zone of anomalous seismic activity at the earthquake focus. The useful signal is measured in the azimuthal loop of the torsional system. Resonance tuning of the physical pendulum is provided by contactless magnetic levitation of the torsional system with elements for indicating and controlling its movement when the mobile system is put into an evacuated housing. The gravitational variometre is fitted with a subassembly in order to eliminate errors. |
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Processing gravimetric survey data Described is a method of processing potential field measurement data obtained from surveying the Earth's potential field in order to determine map data for mapping the field. The method comprises steps where potential field measurement data are entered. Potential field measurement data include data which give the set of potential field measurements and corresponding positions. Each position gives the potential field measurement position in three-dimensional space; the set of relationships between potential field measurements and positions is determined. Each relationship links the potential field measurement with the function of the corresponding position in three-dimensional space, multiplied by the field mapping parameter; and an essentially self-consistent set of field mapping parameters for the set of relationships is determined in order to determine mapping data. |
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Method of constructing gravitational field transformant Multilevel gravitational field analytical model is constructed in form of an approximation structure from point sources. Additional information on the gravitational field used is data on the topography of the observation surface and data on anomalous gravitational field on the working surface and the bordering region from materials of different-scale investigations. Coefficients (mass) in equations for given functions of coordinates of point sources are determined such that the analytical model field coincides with the given measured field with the required accuracy. Further, gravitational field transformants are calculated by applying various transformation operators of the sourcewise function to all equations of point sources in the approximation structure followed by additive superimposing of the calculated transformant levels. The multilevel gravitational field model meant for calculating the transformant has dimensions which are greater than the area of analysis. |
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Invention relates to laser interferometer gravitational wave (GW) detectors and can be used to detect low-frequency GW signals from double relativistic astrophysical objects. By including in the first resonator a double-resonator laser system with a common active medium, a first totally reflecting mirror, a semitransparent separating mirror and linear polarisers in each resonator, an additional totally reflecting mirror lying in parallel between the semitransparent separating mirror and a second totally reflecting mirror and by placing the semitransparent separating mirror which ensures angle of reflection of an optical beam from that mirror relative the incident optical beam equal to or greater than 90°, as well as by ensuring equality between the geometric length from the additional totally reflecting mirror to the second totally reflecting mirror and the geometric length from the semitransparent separating mirror to a third totally reflecting mirror, reaction of the GW detector to graviational radiation only with a horizontal polarisation vector parallel to two additional totally reflecting mirrors is ensured. |
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Static gravity metre comprises a functionally connected sensitive system having an elastic member and a connected weight, a sensor for detecting small displacements of the weight from the initial (zero) position, a device for bringing the weight into the initial (zero) position, a computer and a recorder. The invention is characterised by that the static gravity metre is fitted with a sensor for the length of the elastic member and or change thereof, the output of which is connected to the input of the computer. |
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Method of determining gravity acceleration at moving object Measured gravity acceleration and measurement errors at tacks are used to determine covariance errors of interpolation between tacks to be allowed for in final determination of gravity acceleration. This allows estimating suitability of polygon for geophysical navigation and accuracy of estimating plumb-line deviation. Note here that spatial position of gravitation field vector is determined to define magnetic field vector inclination from relations of gravitation field components. |
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Procedure for development gravity monitoring by variability of upper part of drill-core Within boundaries of deposit at each gravity monitoring point of control there are performed cyclic repeated examinations both on surface and in special drilled boreholes. Depth of boreholes should be as high, as thickness of layer of seasonal changes. Influence of a layer of seasonal changes is excluded by summing values of gravity measured on surface and in a borehole. Variations of summary values of gravity recorded between separate cycles of control are used for determination of gravitation effect conditioned by development of a deposit. |
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Gravimetre consists of massive temperature-controlled unit on horizontal hard bottom of which there located is a drop of partially wetting liquid, which is fixed with a thin metal pin. Reading of wetted spot radius value which is supplied to the input of calculation device calculating the gravitational acceleration value as per radius value is taken with measurement optic system. |
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Invention relates to laser interferometre gravitational wave (GW) detectors and can be used to detect low-frequency periodic GW signals from double relativistic astrophysical objects. The GW detector has an active element and a working medium inside the active element, first, second and third totally reflecting mirrors, a semitransparent dividing mirror, first and second polarisers, a linear polariser and a photodetector with a signal processing unit. Optical elements form two standing wave optical resonators. The GW detector is characterised by that it includes two additional mirrors. The semitransparent dividing mirror is placed in such a way that it provides angle of reflection of the optical beam relative the incident optical beam less than 45°, wherein there is equality between the sum of geometrical lengths from the second totally reflecting mirror to the first additional totally reflecting mirror and from the second additional totally reflecting mirror to the semitransparent dividing mirror, and of the geometrical length from the semitransparent dividing mirror to the third totally reflecting mirror. |
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Coordinates are measured and angles of stabilisation oscillations of spacecraft (SC) are determined. In an analysis time interval T which includes the analysed part of the earth's gravitational field (EGF), the spacecraft enters an auto-oscillation mode with auto-oscillation amplitude φ0=45°, phase v0=0 and frequency ωp. The value of the anomaly of the earth's gravitational field Δij is determined by comparing the differences in stabilisation oscillations of the amplitude of the spacecraft. In the device for realising the method, parametres of the spacecraft design and settings of the spacecraft control system are determined from the condition: where Jx, Jy Jz are moments of inertia about corresponding axes SC; K1, K2 are coefficients in the law of generating the control moment of the alignment and stabilisation system in pitch channel |
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Measuring device of gravity force Invention refers to instrument engineering and can be used for measurement of gravity force. According to the invention, the device consists of a double quartz flexible system of a torsion type with horizontal pendulums and mirrors secured thereon; the system is enclosed with a case filled with a damping liquid; also the device consists of a photoelectric converter including a source of radiation, a lens, an auto-collimation mark installed in focal plane of the lens and a photoelectric receiver arranged in a conjugated focal plane of the lens; notably, a specialised mega-pixel TV-camera on CMOS-structure (complex metal oxy-semi-conductor) operates as a photoelectric receiver; the output of the camera is connected to USB-port of PS, while input is connected to a block of synchronisation also connected to the source of radiation. The photoelectric converter is secured on the case of the flexible system and rotates around optical axis. The flexible system is inserted in the case of the thermostat, on side walls of which there are fastened semi-conducting modules with radiators. In a lower part of the thermostat base there is installed a fan, while the case of the thermostat is rigidly fixed on the base via a heat-insulating plate and is covered with a heat-insulating material. |
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Gravimetre comprises body 1 with mount frame 2 rigidly fixed on it 2. In mount frame 2 on elastic threads 3, metering frame 4 is suspended, in which on elastic threads 5 pendulum 6 is suspended with levers 7 and 8. Lower ends of the main 9 and additional 10 main springs are connected to pendulum 6 by means of levers, accordingly, 7 and 8, and their upper ends are fixed on mount frame 2 by means of technological rod 11. Thermoelastic coefficients of the main 9 and additional 10 main springs are equal and opposite in sign. Elastic moments of main 9 and additional 10 main springs of gravimetre are equal. Photoelectric transducer 12 consists of screen 13 with rectangular opening 14 in centre of screen 13, differential photocell 15 and light diode 16. Lower end of range spring 18 by means of lever 19 and lower end of measurement spring 20 by means of lever 21 are connected to measurement frame 4. Upper ends of range spring 18 and measurement spring 20 are connected, accordingly, to bellows devices 22 and 23. |
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Invention is related to laser-interferometric gravitation-wave (GW) detectors and may be used for detection of low-frequency periodical gravitation-wave signals from binary relativistic astrophysical objects. Substance of invention consists in the fact that due to introduction of double-resonator laser system of auxiliary and end mirrors into each resonator, as well as semitransparent plate and polariser, easier performance of alignment, adjustment and spatial separation of optical resonator radiations is achieved, which results in more reliable and stable operation of GW detector laser system. |
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Method for detection of gravitation waves distribution speed Invention is related to the field of gravitation-wave physics and may be used to detect speed of gravitation waves (GW) distribution. According to the invention, GW speed is detected by results of measurements of signal phase, which is registered from binary relativistic astrophysical object that radiates low-frequency GW of stable frequency. Invention feature consists in the fact that only one GW detector installed on the Earth is used. Due to orbital motion of the Earth around the Sun, variation of distance between the Erath and astrophysical source of GW has periodical component, which is taken into account for measurement of gravitation signal phases φ1 and φ2 in fixed moments of time t1 and t2. It makes it possible to find additional (relative to the case of GW detector that is "immovable" in barycentric system of coordinates) variation of gravitation signal phase, provided by variation of distance from the Earth to astrophysical source of GW by value ΔD for time t2 - t1. By found additional variation of phase, frequency ωg accepted by GW and available variation of distance ΔD, with the help of mathematical expression given in invention formula, GW speed is found. |
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Method for measurement of gravitation constant Invention is related to metrology and may be used in specification of fundamental physical constant - gravitation constant. According to invention, attractive mass is aligned in two or more positions, in all positions they measure periods, amplitudes of torsion balance oscillations and distance increment from initial point, making system of equations, distances are calculated between interacting masses and gravitation constant. Invention specific feature consists in the fact that during fixation of attractive bodies in two positions, masses are displaced and fixed by two units perpendicular to line of torsion balance equilibrium cyclically in both directions, varying it for the opposite one after measurements at every of two positions, moreover, the first position is placed on line of balance equilibrium in close proximity to rocker weight, and the second one is selected based on produced maximum of torsion oscillations period. |
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Method for multicomponent gravimetric modeling of geological medium Invention is related to gravimetric exploration and may be used in searching of deposits of ores, hydrocarbons and other minerals. According to invention, profiles are installed parallel or subparallel, two secant diagonal profiles are arranged, ends of which are connected to each other by means of binding profiles, besides, one or more points of these diagonal profiles is matched with points of the main profiles, and reference point is placed into crossing of secant diagonal profiles, area relief effect corrections are made, analytical approximation of measured gravitational field is carried out with preset error, and it is reduced into several horizontal planes, for different heights, by means of solution of reverse linear task, density is determined in every layer between two neighboring planes, and 3D diagram is built for geological medium structure. |
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Real-time method of forecasting place bracing for earthquake Present invention pertains to real-time methods of forecasting earthquakes and can be used in monitoring systems and processing data from geophysical measurements. On at least each of three seismic stations, a pair of gravitational variometers similar to multi-lobe sensitivity diagrams, is installed at an angle to each other, which is not a multiple of 90°, and oriented in cardinal directions with initial angles of orientation. When the position of the beams of gravitational variometers is changed, the change in angles is determined, relative their initial angles of orientation with subsequent determination, from the diagram, of sensitivity and the change in the angle of orientation of each device directed at the centre of imminent earthquake. The location of the centre is determined through intersection of directions at this position, obtained from at least seismic stations. |
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Invention concerns geophysical instrument making and can be used for recording of the relative changes of acceleration due to gravity by search of minerals, examination of the tidal phenomena and harbingers of earthquakes. According to the invention, the gravimeter contains the case, an assembly framework in which on hairlines the measuring framework with suspended in it on hairlines horizontally located core with a plate on its one extremity is suspended, the metal pendulum, which one extremity is rigidly joined to the free extremity of a core, and another - with the metal screen of the photoelectric transformer, ring put on a metal pendulum and joined to hairlines of measuring framework, band and measuring springs, basic and additional astatising springs, a power unit connected to a light-emitting diode of the photoelectric transformer, the registrar joined to current amplifier, connected to differential photoelectric cell of the photoelectric transformer, thus the ring is erected on metal pendulum apart ℓ from centre of gravity of the metal pendulum, the spotted mathematical expression opened in the description. It provides gravimeter temperature compensation. |
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Method for gravimetric measurements and string gravimeter Inventions of group are related to instrument making and may be used for creation of gravimeters. Substance of method for gravimetric measurements consists in measurement of gravity acceleration by change of inertial body suspension oscillation frequency in the field of gravitation. Specific feature of method - in case of vibrational agitations that exceed microvibrations that accompany process of gravity acceleration measurement, mass of inertial body is reduced by value that satisfies the condition of mathematical expression given in description, and in case vibrational agitations disappear, mass of inertial body is increased by value specified in description. Method is realised with string gravimeter that contains string bound with its top end to casing and with its bottom end - to weight, flat springs, electronic circuit for excitation and removal of string oscillations. Weight is arranged in the form of rod and piston that embraces it. Support is provided in casing, installed with clearance in respect to piston. Support may be arranged in the form of cantilever on the bottom side of piston bottom with plate on free end and cuvette with liquid fixed to casing, and plate is parallel to plane of springs and is installed in liquid with gaps in respect to cuvette and casing walls. Owing to this, accuracy of gravimetric measurements may be increased, as well as reliability of string gravimeter during its operation under condition of vibrational agitations. |
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Device to determine horizontal gradient of 2nd-order pull of gravity Invention relates to the device made up of three parts, i.e. a top, medium and bottom parts, wherein the medium part is made in the form of the rotating plate the edge of which has a seat to locate a casing with one twisting system. Note that the plate diameter is larger that that of the casing. Thanks to the rotating plate there are three points of observation, that is, the corners of an equiangular triangle lying in one horizontal plane. |
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According to invention, acceleration of an object α0, is measured by a gravimeter, stationary relative to the object. The latitude ϕ, distance angle α, and velocity VН are determined and the results are used to calculate acceleration due to gravity g0. The distinctive feature of the invention is that, apart from the velocity vector components Vzi, Vxi, Vyi at moments ti и t(i+1), the angle β between velocity vector VН and the plane level and the curvature radius ρ of the trajectory are determined on trajectory points. The required value of acceleration due to gravity is calculated using the formula: where ω - angular velocity of the Earth's rotation. |
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Space station satellite for determination of gravitational constant Proposed space station satellite has body with spheroidal gravitating bodies secured in it; these gravitating bodies have spherical cavities which are eccentric relative to spherical surface of gravitating bodies; received by holes of gravitating bodies connecting these cavities with outside space is gravitational field indicator made in form of rocker arm with test bodies located on its ends; test bodies are located in spherical cavities of gravitating bodies; axle of levitation bearing with magnetized balls is mounted in the middle of rocker arm perpendicularly relative to it; magnetized balls made from highly coercive material are suspended parts of levitation bearing around which rings made from superconducting material are secured symmetrically relative to center of axle. |
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Introduced into each resonator of two-resonator laser system with common active environment and geometrically non-equivalent contours are: first and second correctors of optical length, first and second piezo-elements of reverse effect, first and second amplifiers, first and second piezo-elements of direct effect. These elements, interconnected appropriately, ensure mutual evening of geometrical lengths of first and second resonators, resulting in compensation of temperature fluctuations of difference of phases of optical beam flows. |
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In accordance to the invention, into each resonator of two-resonator laser system with common active environment and geometrically equivalent contours, thermal compensators are introduced, with usage of piezo-elements for direct and reverse transformation, which ensure equality of optical paths of first and second resonators, which may be disrupted due to temperature changes. |
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Method for detecting anomalies of gravitation field of earth during laboratory sessions In accordance to the invention, coordinates and movement speeds of mass center of spacecraft located on an orbit are determined. Coordinates and movement speed of mass center of spacecraft are determined with substantially greater mass, for example, separated part of last step of launcher rocket, moving on the same orbit. Full energy constant is measured in each point number j of measurement interval for each spacecraft and launcher rocket number i. On detection violation of constancy condition, mismatch of computed values, values of gravitational parameter are determined for each spacecraft and launcher rocket number input in points number j. Averaged difference of value of gravitational parameter is composed and the section is identified as a normal one. |
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Method for gas deposit monitoring Method involves performing periodical observation of gravity change in gravimetric points by arranging two point types, namely basic and regime ones, within the limits of gas deposit, wherein basic gravimetric points are arranged within production well cluster and adapted to determine extracted gas volume, reservoir pressure drop and gas-water surface movement from data obtained during development survey, and regime gravimetric points are located in deposit areas not drained by production wells; determining dependence between gravity change and above development parameters from periodical observations in basic points; using the obtained dependences to determine current gas reserves in deposit, gas distribution and fluid mass movement over total deposit area from determined gravity in regime points. |
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Mode of gravitational gradiometry and arrangements for its realization Gravitational gradiometer is transported aboard a mobile transport vehicle testing accelerations and displacements. Filtration on the stage of rough processing of accelerations and displacements is executed above the first boundary frequency of transmission. Then filtration on the stage of thin processing of accelerations and displacement is executed above the second boundary frequency of transmission. At that the accelerations and displacements are expressed with minimal frequency and the second boundary frequency of transmission is greater then the first boundary frequency of transmission and less then the minimal frequency of vibrations. The location of the mobile transport vehicle is tracked in 6 degrees of freedom of mobility of the solid body. Gravitational gradients are measured with gravitational gradiometer in the moment of filtration of the indicated accelerations and displacements on the stages of rough and thin processing. Tabulation of gravitational gradients is made in the function of location of a mobile transport vehicle. |
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Vertical gravitational gradient meter Vertical gravitational gradient meter contains vacuumized body, mounted wherein are two vertically spaced cylindrical reservoirs with working liquid, for example, mercury. Positioned in reservoirs are cylindrical floats, together with reservoirs and mercury forming upper and lower hydrostatic systems. Upper float is rigidly connected to lower vessel and through axial rod - to differential string transformer. Lower float is rigidly connected to upper reservoir and to body. Geometric parameters of reservoirs, floats and mercury in each hydrostatic system are selected so that hydrostatic forces active on floats and reservoirs are not dependent on temperature. New in proposed gradient meter is technology for making floats using materials with significant thermal expansion coefficient, for example, duralumin, and reservoirs - using materials with low thermal expansion coefficients, for example, invar. Both pairs of string transformers are connected to axial rod of upper float. Strings are positioned in mutually perpendicular vertical planes with similar nominal strains, resulting forces of which are directed along vertical in opposite directions and compensate each other. |
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Device contains measuring system in form of identically oriented and rigidly interconnected two-coordinate indicators of horizontal components of gravity force acceleration (tilt indicators), distributed across horizontal and vertical coordinates. Measuring system is made in form of rigid square frame with indicators held in angles and suspended by means of flexible link connecting middle of upper rib to lid of upper cover, filled with liquid, without mechanical contact to its walls. Measuring system has negative floatability close to zero, and gravity center of device is positioned below its metacentre. |
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Sensor of device for measuring gravity constant Sensor comprises source of gravity field and gravitational vibrator. The source is made of the spherical gravitating body that is provided with the concentric spherical space and ring recess along the plane of the large circumference and filled with the agent whose density is less than that of the gravitating body. The gravitational vibrator is mounted at the center of the concentric space and made of a rod provided with two testing bodies. The bearing is mounted at the middle of the rod. The gravitating body is made of a magnetically soft material, and the testing bodies are made of an alloy whose diamagnetic permeability is compensated by the paramagnetic permeability of the admixtures. The sides of the spherical space are covered with the material-alloy of the testing bodies. |
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Gravimeter comprises mercury column that is balanced by the pressure of gas inside the closed vessel and moves vertically when the gravity changes and capacitive transducer that is used for recording the changes. The inner sides of the bottom parts of the vessels within the range of mercury level displacements is made of concentric spheres whose center is located at the point of the suspension of the plate of the capacitive indicator of the mercury level in the top vessel. The bottom vessel receives the thermal compensator that changes its volume in accordance with the heat expansion of gas so that the pressure of gas remains constant. The actuator of the heat compensator is the thermosensitive member made of a closed vessel filled with the heat compensating liquid. The top base of the vessel is provided with the bellows having movable base secured to the base of the larger bellows that is the top base of the vessel. Two additional spaces filled with the heat compensating liquid are connected with the vessel. The additional spaces are in a heat contact with the mercury column in the connecting pipe and bottom vessel, respectively. |
Another patent 2513727.