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Method for decorative electrochemical finishing of silver surface Method includes treating with aqueous sodium thiosulphate solution with Na2S2O3·5H2O content of 790 g/l at temperature of 20±2°C using pulsed unipolar and bipolar rectangular currents with the following amplitude-time parameters: tpuls=100-500 mcs, t"отр."puls=100-500 mcs, t"з"=100-500 mcs, tpause=100-500 mcs, amplitude current density in a positive polarity pulse ipuls=0.25-0.8 A/cm2, amplitude current density in a reverse polarity pulse i"отр."puls=0-0.6 A/cm2, and treatment duration of 2-4 minutes, wherein the current is unipolar at I"отр."puls=0. |
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Gas-collecting device of aluminium electrolyser Gas-collecting device of aluminium electrolyser contains the straight and angular sections suspended by means of hooks along the perimeter of the anode casing. The sections are hollow and between their internal and external walls the heat-insulating layer is placed with the height h, equal to 0.7-0.8 of the height H of the gas-collecting device section. |
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Composition for electrolyte-plasma nitrocarburising Electrolyte contains in wt %: 10-15 acetonitrile, 12.5-15 ammonium chloride, rest for water. Invention reduces specific power consumed for treatment, increases thickness of modified surface layer, surface hardness, reduces speed of anodic dissolution upon surface roughness decreasing. |
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Electrolyte for electrodeposition of zinc-cobalt coatings Electrolyte contains the following components, g/l: vitriol salt 15-30, cobaltic sulphate 14-17, potassium chloride 120-130, taurine 45-50 and water in volume up to 1 litre. |
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Method for obtaining protective polymer-containing coatings on metals and alloys Method includes plasma-electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of metal surface in electrolyte, containing soluble salts of organic and inorganic acids, with obtaining a layer of oxide ceramics and further application of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with thermal processing of obtained coating, with PEO being realised in bipolar mode, PTFE being applied by means of electrophoresis from its water dispersion, additionally containing sodium dodecylsulphate and OP-10 with the following content of components, g/l: PTFE with particle size not larger than 1 mcm 10-30, sodium dodecylsulphate 0.1-2.0, OP-10 0.1-2.0, and isopropyl alcohol in amount 5-100 ml/l and water - the remaining part, under voltage 40-300 V for 25-75 s, with thermal processing being realised at temperature 300-310°C for 10-15 minutes. |
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Deposition of wear-proof coating on aluminium alloys with high silicon content Wear-proof coating is deposited on aluminium alloy. Mid ply is formed in said coating. Then, chromium carbide ply is applied thereon by vapour plating of bisarenchromorganic compound. Note here that said mid ply is formed from nickel-cobalt alloy by electrochemical process. |
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Method of nanocomposite materials production and device for its implementation Invention relates to nanocomposite material production for electrocatalysis, electric sorption, and device for electric energy accumulation. It can be used to produce high effective electrocatalysts, electric sorbents and energy accumulating devices. The method includes electric deposition of polymer matrix during passage of DC with density 1-5 mA/cm2 for 1-5 minutes through layer of finely dispersed deposit of metal oxide or of hydrated metal oxide, that is preliminary deposited on the electrode located on cell bottom, by sedimentation from mixed water-organic solution 0.01-0.1 mol/l of monomer 3,4-ethyldioxythiophen, containing suspended low soluble colloidal forms of metal oxide or powder of metal oxide. Device contains cylindrical electrolyser, inside it secondary electrode 2, reference electrode 3 and work electrode 4 with current lead 6 are located, at that work electrode 4 is detachable bottom of cell, is arranged in insulating enclosure with thread 5 and is tightly connected with cell 1 by nut with thread 7 and gasket 8. |
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Device to produce and store atomic hydrogen Device to produce atomic hydrogen comprises a reactor 1, operating on water decomposition with a solid reagent, an anode 3, a cathode 4 and a manifold 8 with valves for input of initial raw materials into the reactor 1 and release of hydrogen and reaction products from it. The solid reagent is a nano-dispersed carbon, placed on the surface of the anode 3 in water between the anode 3 and the cathode 4. On the manifold of hydrogen release from the reactor 1 there is a hydrogen receiver, an electromagnet 10 with a unit of magnetic induction control 11 and a hydrogen accumulator 12 with carbon nanotubes. Besides, the device comprises a regulator 6 of electrical power supplied to the reactor 1 depending on the temperature of the nanodispersed carbon 5 in the near-anode space and set by the program of hydrogen production rate. |
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Anode for electroextraction and method of electroextraction with its use Group of inventions relates to electrolysis in electrolyte solution based on sulphuric acid. Anode for metal electroextraction in the electrolyte solution based on sulphuric acid is made in form of catalyst layer out of amorphous ruthenium oxide and amorphous tantalum oxide made on the conducting substrate. Also method of the metal electroextraction in the electrolyte solution based on sulphuric acid with use of the said anode is suggested. |
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Method of manufacturing of cathode pack for cell of aluminium electrolyser and cathode pack Invention relates to the method of cathode pack manufacturing for the aluminium electrolyser. Method includes manufacturing of initial materials containing two grades of coke with different characteristics of volume change, formation of the cathode pack, carbonization, graphitization and cooling, during which in the same temperature range the first grade of coke has more higher shrinkage and/or expansion then the second grade of the coke. Cathode pack of the aluminium electrolyser is described. |
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Method for water electrolysis under pressure in electrolysis system Invention relates to a method for water electrolysis under pressure in an electrolysis system which includes accumulators operating with a working cycle closed through water. The method includes supplying dc voltage from a power supply and water; partial decomposition of the water with current during water electrolysis with separate generation of hydrogen and oxygen; separating said gases from water in gas separators while ensuring pressure equilibrium of said gases during the generation process and filling system vessels with the obtained gases, wherein generation of the gases and filling the vessels with said gases is carried out in turns, with pneumatic isolation of the gas separators of the system from the vessels when generating hydrogen and oxygen, and from the electrolysis cell when filling the vessels, wherein before filling the vessels the gas separators are isolated from each other and then reconnected after filling. |
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Carbonating machine of beverage and method of production of carbonated beverage Invention relates to a carbonating machine of beverage and a method of production of carbonated beverage. The carbonating machine of beverage comprises a unit for generating CO2, comprising a photoelectrochemical element intended for converting saccharide in the first liquid containing saccharide under the influence of light to CO2 and air enriched with CO2; a pressure regulator designed to maintain the high pressure of air enriched with CO2; and a mixing chamber for mixing air enriched with CO2 under pressure with the second liquid to obtain a carbonated beverage. |
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Invention relates to the cathode hearth, method of its manufacturing and use in electrolytic cell for aluminium manufacturing. The cathode hearth contains at least two cathode blocks and/or at least cathode block located at specified distance with creation of at least one clearance, material for blocks connection, being at least one pre-compacted plate out of expanded graphite, filling the clearance with possibility of connection to at least one cathode block. Method of manufacturing of the cathode hearth and its use in electrolytic cell for aluminium manufacturing are described. |
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Method for producing protective superhydrophobic coatings on aluminium alloys Invention refers to methods for producing superhydrophobic coatings having high protective properties providing an effective decrease of a corrosion rate when using structures and buildings made of aluminium alloys in a high-humidity environment and corrosive medium. A method involves electrolytic oxidation of a pre-cleaned product surface in an electrolyte containing, g/l: 15-25 C4H4O6K2·0.5H2O and 1.0-2.0 NaF in the plasma microdischarge mode in the galvanostatic environment at a monopolar current density of 0.5-1.0 A/cm2 followed by modifying the deposited coating by processing in ozone plasma in a combination with exposure to UV light for 20-70 min. A superhydrophobic coating is formed on the modified surface by deposition of silicon dioxide nanoparticle dispersion and a fluorosiloxane hydrophobic agent in anhydrous decane. |
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Method of making of secondary energy carrier - hydrogen by wind energy conversion Method of making of secondary energy carrier - hydrogen by wind energy conversion includes wind kinetic energy conversion by means of sailing mover to the kinetic energy of ship movement in open ocean areas with powerful air flows, and then by means of the hydraulic turbine and electric generator to the electric energy, used for water decompounding to hydrogen and oxygen with hydrogen liquefaction and accumulation in cryogenic tanks. The twin-hull boat with sail mover is used as floating ship, it works under physical principle of wing lift. The hydraulic turbine and electric generator are used temporarily as ballast, moving them through vertical, ensuring required twin-hull boat stability under strong wind blasts. |
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Method for corrosion protection of equipment operating in molten potassium chloroaluminate medium Invention relates to a method for corrosion protection of equipment operating in a molten potassium chloroaluminate medium. The method includes removing impurities form the melt at the preparation step thereof using aluminium metal containing not less than 99.95 wt % aluminium with weight ratio of aluminium to the obtained melt of 1:25-30. The aluminium metal is attached to the surfaces of the equipment in contact with the melt while allowing electrical contact, with the ratio of the area of the protected equipment and the aluminium metal of not less than 10:1. |
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Electrolyte for aluminium production by melts electrolysis Invention relates to nonferrous-metals industry, in particular to composition of electrolyte for electrolytic production of aluminium by electrolysis of fluoride melts. Electrolyte contains in wt %: sodium fluoride 26-43, potassium fluoride - below 12, lithium fluoride - below 5, calcium fluoride 2-6, alumina 2-6, aluminium fluoride and admixtures - rest. |
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Method for coating deposition on finished surfaces of titanium and titanium alloy products Method involves electro-plasma spraying of alumina powder having a particle size of 50-100 mcm on a product surface at a spraying distance from 100 to 120 mm at arc current 300 to 350 A and anodic micro-arc oxide coating at current density (1-2)×103 A/m2, for 10 to 30 minutes in a sodium hydroxide alkaline electrolyte in an amount of 1-3 g/l. |
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Method and device for electrolytic deposition of coating Invention relates to electroplating and can be used for repair of gas turbine guide vanes. This invention is implemented as follows. Vane (120, 130) makes the cathode and has surface to be coated that confines critical zone (21) with anode (19). Plating bath is filled with insoluble particles. Said vane is placed on support (12) to working position relative to support wall (14). Support (12) is placed in plating bath for co-precipitation of particles and anode metal (19) to make coating (20) on aforesaid surface. Note here that said anode (19) is arranged to face said critical zone (21). Said support (12) is provided with current line control means to make coating (20) of preset depth, relatively constant for critical zone (21), and gradually decreasing to almost zero along the edges of said coating (20). |
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Method of obtaining disinfecting preparation and electrolyser for its realisation Invention relates to method of obtaining disinfecting preparation from water NaCl solution with application of diaphragm electrolyser. Method is characterised by the fact that fresh water flow in amount 0.4-0.8% of amount of obtained disinfecting preparation counted per concentration 500 mg in a litre of active chlorine compounds is supplied into cathode chamber, fresh water flow in amount 16-20% of amount of obtained disinfecting preparation counted per concentration 500 mg in a litre of active chlorine compounds is supplied to mixing with NaCl and then into anode chamber, the remaining fresh water flow is supplied into tubular cathode, fresh water flow from internal cathode cavity is supplied into extension of anode chamber in electrolyser lid-mixer, flow from cathode chamber is supplied to utilisation, flow from anode chamber in form of anolyte is supplied into extension of anode chamber of the same electrolyser, concentration of active chlorine in anolyte is reduced by means of supplied fresh water to standards of disinfecting preparation, and disinfecting preparation is discharged from electrolyser, hydrogen from cathode chamber is supplied to withdrawal. Invention also relates to electrolyser. |
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Method for electrolyte-plasma removal of polymer coatings from surface of part from alloyed steels Invention relates to a technology of electrolyte-plasma removal of protective coatings from polymer materials from surface of parts from alloyed steels, namely from stainless trip steels of high strength and ductility, and can be used at recovery of especially important parts of aircrafts, for example torsions of lifting propellers of helicopters. The method involves loading of the part into an electrolyte, formation around the processed surface of the part of a steam-gas envelope and discharge ignition between the processed part and the electrolyte by supplying an electric potential to the processed part. The electrical potential of 270 V to 300 V is applied to the processed part, and a water solution of salt of ammonium sulphate with a concentration of 4 to 8 g/l is used as an electrolyte; removal of the coating is performed at the temperature of 70°C to 90°C till complete removal of the coating. |
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Aluminium electrolyser busbar contains the anode buses connected to anodes by means of anode risers, the cathodic buses, the compensation loop, the simulate-supply loop consisting of the loop bus for simulation of a magnetic field of the neighbouring row of electrolysers and the bus of the loop for compensation of impact of magnetic field of the neighbouring row of electrolysers. The loop bus for imitation of magnetic field of the neighbouring row of electrolysers is located along electrolyser inner side with a possibility of supply of current load of the loop bus for simulation of larger or smaller load, than for the loop bus for compensation. For regulation of amount of the supplied current load, on the loop bus for compensation of impact of magnetic field of the inverse row and/or on the loop bus for simulation of magnetic field of the inverse row of electrolysers the additional resistance assembly is provisioned. Buses of the simulate-supply loop are current-supplying and are fastened to the anode risers or to the cathodic buses of the electrolyser first in the row. |
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Constant cathode and treatment method of constant cathode surface Invention relates to a constant cathode used as an electrode at electrolytic production of metals. A cathode includes a plate that is at least partially made from steel, with that, dimensions of grain boundaries on the plate surface of the constant cathode are set based on provision of a possibility of deposited metal adhesion to the surface and removal of metal from the surface on at least some part of the surface that is in contact with an electrolyte; with that, the plate has an area of the surface with strong properties of adhesion to the deposited metal and an area of the surface with weak properties of adhesion to the deposited metal, which is located at the beginning point of separation of the deposited metal, with that, the above properties of adhesion of the plate surface are related to dimensions of grain boundaries in the above area of the surface. The treatment method of constant cathode surface is described. |
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Device for stock batching into aluminium electrolytic cell (versions) Claimed device comprises bin with loading openings to house the material with, said openings being arranged in the edges at the batching chamber top section above the bin bed. Air-driven rod is rigidly secured at the rod in batching chamber top section. Upper locking element is arranged at the rod top position between loading opening upper and lower edges. Lower locking element is secured at the rod end, at batching chamber top section, above the upper locking element, and at least one shutter valve. Said shutter valve is secured at the rod so that shutter valve upper edge at the rod initial position is located under the loading opening upper edge. In compliance with the second version, at least one circular rib secured at the bin wall, in batching chamber top section. At least one rib and at least one crosswise web are arranged to allow the material passage between the edges of said web, bin walls and batching chamber walls. |
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Invention relates to device for electrical connection of electrolytic cells for aluminium production in series of concatenated electrolytic cells (N-1) and (N) by Hall-Heroult method. Device comprises first conductor connected with the cathode of electrolytic cell (N-1) and with anode frame of electrolytic cell (N) and provided with section located between said cells (N-1) and (N) wherein current flows in direction of cells levelling axis (x). Second conductor is connected with the cathode of cell (N) and anode frame of cell (N+1) provided with section located between cells (N-1) and (N) wherein current flows from said axis (x). Shunting wedges are arranged between said sections of said conductors. Third conductor is arranged to equalise the current flowing in said wedges. Invention discloses also the method of shunting of electrolytic cell (N) in series of electrolytic cells. |
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Metal material for electronic system and method of its manufacturing Invention relates to metal material for electronic component, connecting connector, daisy chain connector, connector of flexible PCB, where for the contact part the said metal material is used, and to electronic component, in which the said metal material is used as electrode for external connection. The said metal material contains metal materials of base, layer A being surface layer on base material and made out of Sn, In or their alloy, and layer B being middle layer between the base material and layer A and made out of Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Os, Ir or their alloy, at that the surface layer (layer A) corresponds to the following conditions (i) and (ii): (i) surface layer (layer A) thickness is from 0.002 to 0.2 mcm, (ii) quantity of deposited Sn or In is from 1 to 150 mcg/cm2, and middle layer (layer B) corresponds to the following conditions (iii) and (iv): (iii) middle layer (layer B) thickness is from 0.001 to 0.3 mcm, (iv) quantity of deposited Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Os or Ir is in range from 1 to 330 mcg/cm2. |
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Method of producing diaphragm material for electrolytic decomposition of water Method of producing diaphragm material for electrolytic decomposition of water with an alkaline electrolyte, wherein electro-formation of polymer fibres occurs with simultaneous treatment of the surface thereof with a solution of a hydrophilic filler precursor and subsequent hydrolysis of the precursor, accompanied by formation of hydrophilic filler particles held on the surface of the fibres. Electro-formation of the fibres is carried out in the atmosphere of a sealed box with residual moisture of 0.01 ppm and optimum content of solvent vapour, which correlates with the composition of the polymer solution. |
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System for removal of v-type shunt resistors at connection of electrolysis bath System comprises a frame with receivers, pressure amplifiers and at least one installation for the removal of V-type shunt resistors installed on it. The installation consists of two vertical columns of pneumatic cylinders, each of them including two and more pneumatic cylinders interconnected by connecting beams, at that at each column one pneumatic cylinder has a short stroke equal to 2 mm at least while the other pneumatic cylinder has a long stroke, which is at least 5 mm longer than the removed V-type shunt resistor. The system may contain at least two V-type clamps for the installation self-locking at the shunting unit, as well as insulation layers placed at the installation base for the removal of wedges, an electrically insulating plate and V-type clamps for the installation intended for the removal of V-type shunt resistors. |
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Potassium iodide production method Invention relates to potassium iodate production technology and will find application in chemical, pharmaceutical and food industry during manufacturing of iodine-containing compounds. The method to produce potassium iodate includes continuous electrochemical oxidation of potassium iodide to potassium iodate with mass concentration of potassium iodide 55-85 kg/m3 and potassium iodate 70-170 kg/m3 in presence of potassium bichromate with mass concentration of up to 2 kg/m3 on an oxidating ruthenium-titanium anode at anode current density of not more than 2000 A/m2 in the solution at temperature of 60-80°C, crystallisation of potassium iodate by continuous bleeding of some electrolyte, its cooling to ambient temperature and separation of potassium iodate crystals from mother solution, and mother solution separated from crystals is strengthened by potassium iodide and returns to the electrolytic cell. |
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Invention relates to the unit for extraction of precious metals of platinum group from waste of petrochemical catalysts, catalytic sorbents of motor and water transport, etc. The unit contains a pyrohydrolysis module, a refining module, a flow rate activator, a ventilating purification system; also a fluorine electrolyser, a fluorator with fluorine burner and an assembly of ceramic-metal filters are series connected by transport pipelines. The first output of assembly of ceramic-metal filters is connected with the first input of the module of refining of metals from fluorine. The second output of the assembly of ceramic-metal filters is connected with the first input of the pyrohydrolysis module. The hydrogen tank of the electrolyser is connected, firstly, with the second input of the defluorination module, and secondly, connected with the fluorator. The first output of the pyrohydrolysis module is connected with the first input of the electrolyser intended for supply therein of fluoric hydrogen. The first output of the defluorination module is intended for discharge of ready products. The second output of the defluorination module is connected with the first input of the electrolyser. The second output of the pyrohydrolysis module is intended for discharge of oxides, and the second input of the pyrohydrolysis module is intended for supply of propane and oxygen. The third output of the pyrohydrolysis module is intended for discharge of off-gases and connected with the suction branch pipe of the flow rate activator the delivery branch pipe of which is connected with the ventilating purification system. |
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Electrolyser for bismuth refining in salts melt Electrolyser contains heated cathode and anode cavities separated by vertical porous membranes impregnated by the electrolyte, that are separated with creation of the intermediate cavity between them, and are fixed by the gaskets , near cathode porous membrane is made out of carbon-graphite fabric, and near anode membrane is made out of dielectric quartz fabric, sprayed by liquid anode alloy using the circulating pump, in which line of the metal supply has valve for switching from the circulation line to the unloading line. |
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Device for control over electrolytic production of magnesium and chlorine Invention relates to nonferrous metallurgy, particularly, to production of magnesium and chlorine by electrolysis of chlorine-magnesium stock. Proposed device comprises programmable controller, computer and actuator. Note here that protective jackets with electrolyte temperature and level pickups are fitted in vertical channels made in outer surface of anode units opposite the container lengthwise wall on the side of cathode current feed. Note here that protective jacket with temperature pickup is fitted in one vertical channel while protective channel with electrolyte lever pickup is arranged in the other vertical channel. Temperature pickup output is connected via communication line with programmable controller input while controller output is connected with computer input. Computer output is connected with actuator connected to bus wire bridge. Besides, this device comprises pickups arranged in vertical channels of anode units in protective jackets. |
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Method of making electrode-diaphragm unit for alkaline water electrolysis cell Porous electrodes are first pressed into the a diaphragm forming solution deposited on a mesh substrate using the fluidity of the diaphragm forming solution, and the obtained element is immersed in water to carry out phase inversion, which leads to formation of a porous diaphragm material and fixation of electrodes with the diaphragm material and to formation of an electrode-diaphragm unit, wherein the electrodes and the diaphragm are a single working element. |
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System for automatic raw material supply to electrolysers with self-baking anodes System includes the main aeroflow conveyor, a hopper of an alumina point feeder (APF) module, an air supply system containing high-pressure radial fans, gate valves and a header of the associated pipeline. Alumina is supplied to hoppers of the APF module by means of a distributing aeration pipe made from high-strength material with tightly installed discharge branch pipes and consisting of an aerating pipe, an acceleration section and a conveying section or sections, and air injection through the associated pipeline to forced-draft cavities of the main aeroflow conveyor and the aerating pipe is performed by means of the air supply system containing at least two high-pressure fans, and the header of the associated pipeline is provided with an automatically controlled turning gate valves. |
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Anode has a catalytic layer formed on a conducting substrate, said layer containing amorphous ruthenium oxide and amorphous tantalum oxide. |
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Edm electrode for electrochemical finishing of 3d-complex surfaces Invention relates to electrochemical processing of metals and can be used for finishing of 3D complex surfaces. EDM electrode comprises body with hollow box fixed thereon in symmetry about vertical axis. Dummy of hardened non-metallic material resisting the electrolyte is secured thereon. Metal mesh-free screen to be connected to power supply negative terminal is mounted on outer surface of said dummy. Studs and adjusting screws are fitted at body bed to set clearance between said dummy and part blank. Note here that said dummy is made over the inner surface of master that makes the part blank with due allowance for clearance for electrolyte feed and screen wire diameter. |
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Electrolyte solution and electrochemical methods of surface modification Invention relates to electrochemical processing of work pieces from non-ferrous metals, namely to the water solution of electrolyte used for processing. The electrolyte solution contains lemon acid with the concentration within a range from 1.665 g/l up to 982 g/l, ammonium bifluoride with the concentration from 2 g/l up to 360 g/l and no more than 3.35 g/l of strong acid. The work piece surface treatment includes exposure of the surface to influence of a bathtub with water solution of electrolyte, regulation of temperature of a bathtub is less or equal 85°C, connection of the work piece to the anode of DC power supply and immersion of the cathode of DC power supply into the bathtub and passing through the bathtub of the current less than 255000 amperes per square meter. |
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Glass sealant for batteries of solid oxide electrolysis cells (soec) Invention relates to battery of solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC), manufactured by method, including the following stages: (a) formation of first block of battery cells by alternation of at least one connective plate and at least one cell unit, with each cell unit containing first electrode and electrolyte, located between said electrodes, as well as provision of glass sealant between connective plate and each cell unit, with glass sealant having the following composition: from 50 to 70 wt % SiO2, from 0 to 20 wt % Al2O3, from 10 to 50 wt % CaO, from 0 to 10 wt % MgO, from 0 to 2 wt % (Na2O+K2O), from 0 to 10 wt % B2O3 and from 0 to 5 wt % functional elements, selected from TiO2, ZrO2, F2, P2O5, MoO3, Fe2O3, MnO2, La-Sr-Mn-O perovskite (LSM) and their combinations; (b) conversion of said first block of battery of cells into second block with glass sealant from 5 to 100 mcm thick by heating said first block to temperature 500°C or higher and influencing battery of cells by pressure from 2 to 20 kg/cm2; (c) conversion of said second block into final block of battery of solid oxide electrolytic cells by cooling second battery block, obtained at stage (b), to temperature lower than at stage (b), with said glass sealant at stage (a) representing glass fibre sheet. Invention also relates to application of E-glass as glass sealant in batteries of solid oxide electrolysis cells. |
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Invention relates to a composition for colouring by cationic electrodeposition. The composition contains an amine-modified cationic epoxy resin (A), a blocked isocyanate curing agent (B), a hydrophobic agent (C) which is a non-crosslinked acrylic resin, a viscosity modifier (D) which is particles of a crosslinked resin with mean particle diameter of 50-200 nm, and a neutralising acid in an aqueous medium, wherein the weight ratio (A)/(B) ranges from 60/40 to 80/20, the solubility parameter (SP) of the hydrophobic agent (C) is 10.2 or greater and less than 10.6, and 0.6-1.0 less than the SP of the cationic epoxy resin (A), content of the hydrophobic agent (C) is equal to 0.2-5 wt % with respect to the total amount of the cationic epoxy resin (A) and the blocked polyisocyanate curing agent (B). Content of the viscosity modifier (D) is equal to 3-10 wt % with respect to the total amount of the cationic epoxy resin (A), the blocked polyisocyanate curing agent (B) and the hydrophobic agent (C). The Coulombic efficiency of the composition for colouring by electrodeposition is equal to 2.0-2.5 mg/(mcm·C). Also disclosed is a method of producing an electrodeposited coating film of said composition, where the rate of raising voltage when colouring is equal to 30-70 V/10 s. |
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Method of operating solid-polymer water electrolyser Invention relates to a method of operating a solid-polymer water electrolyser, which includes applying dc supply voltage and feeding reaction water into the electrolyser, heating the solid-polymer electrolyser and the reaction water to operating temperature which corresponds to a given electrolysis current while monitoring the present electrolysis current and temperature values, measuring the operating temperature of the solid-polymer water electrolyser which provides the given electrolysis current value, and breaking down water at said temperature and electrolysis current into hydrogen and oxygen. The method is characterised by that measurement of the operating temperature of the solid-polymer water electrolyser is carried out once the electrolysis current during heating reaches its maximum value and begins to fall, having reached the given value. |
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Unsaturated isothiuronic salts as components of electrolytes for bright nickel plating Electrolyte contains nickel sulphate, sodium chloride, boracic acid, brightening addition and water, at that as the brightening addition the electrolyte contains one of unsaturated isothiuronic salts with following structure: , at further components ratio, g/l: nickel sulphate 270; sodium chloride 12, boracic acid 40; isothiuronic salt 1.5-2; water up to 1 l. |
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Method of electrochemical blackening of steel Method allows to perform blackening both in stationary bathtubs, and using the electric brushing method. For electrodeposition of such coatings the electrolyte containing the following components, g/l is offered: chloride sodium 250-300, sugar 100-200, synthanol DS-10 1-3. Electrodeposition of black coating is performed using alternating electric current. Current density in the stationary galvanic bathtub is 0.6-1.0 A/cm2, and when using the method of electric brushing is 3-6 A/cm2. For electric brushing the electrode tool from chrome-plated steel with Crimplene fabric and with a cavity for electrolyte is used. |
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Method of ventilation of electrolyser for aluminium smelting Invention relates to the method of ventilation of the aluminium smelting electrolyser. The method includes removal of ventilating gases from the internal zone, cooling of a part of ventilating gases with formation of cooled ventilating gases, circulation of part of cooled ventilating gases in the internal zone, cooling of the whole flow of ventilating gases withdrawn from the internal zone, using the first heat exchanger, removal from the first heat exchanger of a part of cooled ventilating gases, circulating a part of cooled ventilating gases in the second heat exchanger for their additional cooling and circulating a part of the named additionally cooled ventilating gases in the internal zone. Also the electrolyser with heat exchangers in gas flue is described. |
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Electrolyser anode fitted with grooves Invention relates to the anode pack from carbon for pre-baked anode of aluminium smelting electrolyser. The anode pack has an upper side, the lower side arranged opposite to the upper side of the cathode, four lateral sides and at least one groove passing to at least one of lateral sides on which the named groove has the maximum length Lmax in the plane, parallel to the lower side, and the named groove doesn't pass to the named lower or upper sides or passes to the named top or lower sides to the length L0, less than the half of the maximum length Lmax. Also the method of fabrication of the anode pack, the baked anode, the electrolyser for aluminium smelting by electrolysis in the melted salts and the method of aluminium smelting are described. |
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Method of manufacturing of bath for galvanic production Invention can be used during manufacturing of the bath for galvanic production with work electrolytes having neutral, alkali and acid environment working at temperature from -30 to +30°C, and washing baths of galvanic production, tanks for corrosive liquids and wastes drainage, storage and recycling. The method includes formation of the internal protective coating on the metal housing. The protective coating is made by PVC tape with adhesive layer installation on the internal bath surface, the adhesive layer is composition out of PVC resin and plastifier. At that initially tape is installed on the welds of the bath casing, on them preliminary glue BF-4 is applied with addition of the protector filler in amount of 25-30 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the glue, at that ultrafine zinc is used as the protector filler, the PVC tape is applied with adhesive layer over the entire bath surface overlapping joints of the previous layers by the successive tape layers. |
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Method and device for utilisation of heat of anode gases of aluminium electrolyser Method of utilisation of heat of anode gases of the aluminium electrolyser includes burning of anode gases in the burner device of the electrolyser and supply of combustion gases into the heat exchanger, supply of alumina by countercurrent into tube space, its holding within 10-12 hours for heating by heat of combustion gases up to the temperature 200-250°C with the subsequent cycle repetition. The device contains a heat exchanger installed between two adjacent electrolysers, implemented inclined with reference to them, which contains 40-50 pipes with the outer diameter 50 mm for direct transfer of heat of combustion gases to alumina, with the outer diameter 800±50 mm, and the heat exchange area 15-20 m2, and fitted with lateral inclined pipelines for supply of alumina into the electrolyser. |
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Electroplasma method of producing of nanoparticles with pre-set size Invention relates to powder metallurgy. The method of producing of nanodimensional particles includes electroplasma processing of surface of electrolyte in the form of salt solution containing induced ions of metals or semiconductors with formation of particles with pre-set size from them. Electroplasma processing of surface of electrolyte is performed using of the charger with voltage to 30 kV feeding the capacitor battery with the capacity (1,02…75)·10-10 F, the anode implemented as a ring and placed with a gap 2-4 mm over the electrolyte surface and the cathode located in the middle of the named ring without immersion into electrolyte. Processing is conducted with providing of radial movement of the spark discharge along the electrolyte surface, recovery of induced ions to neutral state of atoms and their agglomeration into nanodimensional particles of metals or semiconductors the change of size of which is pre-set by change of parameters of capacity of the capacitor bank and concentration of salt solution of electrolyte. |
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Method of production of zinc based composite coatings Invention relates to electroplating, and can be used in various industrial spheres, in particular in machine building, production of coins, flatware, road fences and other products subjected to abrasion, corrosion and erosion. The method includes electrochemical deposition from zincate electrolyte, containing solid particles of ultrafine diamonds in amount of 10.0-15.0 g/l, at that the electrolyte contains the solid particles of ultrafine diamonds with size 0.0005÷0.0009 micron and with specific surface 250-550 m2/g, at that zincate electrolyte is used as electrolyte to which surface-active substance in amount of 0.2-3.0 g/l is added. |
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Electrolytic production of fine dispersed silver powders Fine silver powder is produced by electrolysis of silver nitrate solution with concentration of silver of 15-60 g/dm3 and free nitric acid of 5-20 g/dm3 at constant current density of 1.5-2.0 A/dm2. Titanium rods are used as cathodes while silver plates make anodes. |
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Method and device for aluminium affinage Invention relates to the method of and device for aluminium and its alloys affinage against electropositive admixtures. Device contains container with hearth lined with refractory materials, for installation of the melted aluminium alloy with electropositive admixtures and melted affinated aluminium, one or several porous membranes impregnated with electrolyte, impermeable for the melted aluminium alloy with electropositive admixtures and permeable for the electrolyte and aluminium cations, to separate the melted aluminium alloy with electropositive admixtures, used as anode with current lead, and melted affinated aluminium as a cathode with current lead, and at least one hydromagnetics agitator of the anode melt, installed at the border porous membrane-anode melt. Besides the method of aluminium and its alloys affinage from the electropositive admixtures is described. |
Another patent 2551353.