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Filter for absorption of solid particles from compression-ignition engine exhaust gases Invention relates to filter designed to remove solid particles and nitrogen oxides from exhaust gases. Filter comprises porous substrate with inlet and outlet surfaces and substrate pores of the first average size. Note here that said porous substrate is coated by material increasing the surface area. Said material includes molecular sieve promoted by transition metal wherein aforesaid coat represents a porous untreated coat on inlet and/or outlet surface. One of plies has pores of the second average size, smaller than the first one. |
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Method of obtaining catalytic coating for gas purification Described is a method of obtaining a catalytic coating for purification of gases from carbon and nitrogen oxides, hydrogen and harmful organic substances. |
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Method for determination of reducer state in its appropriate tank Invention relates to automotive industry. Note here that reducer is used for neutralisation of ICE exhaust gases. Simple means are used to inform the ICE control unit about quality of reducer contained in said appropriate tank. For this the steps that follow are applied. Amounts of reducer filled in the tank and forced therefrom are defined and recorded with the help of level transducer during the entire life of exhaust gas neutraliser. Reducer temperature in tanks is defined and recorded by appropriate transducer during the entire life of exhaust gas neutraliser. Ultrasound wave propagation rate in reducer is defined and recorded by ultrasound transceiver. Reducer state in control unit is defined by above said parameters. |
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Invention relates to composition, based on oxides of zirconium, cerium and at least one rare earth metal element, different from cerium, to method of its obtaining and to its application for purification of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines. Composition, based on oxides of zirconium, cerium and at least one rare earth metal element, different from cerium, contains cerium oxide not more than 50 wt % and has after burning at 1000°C for 6 hours maximal temperature of reductability not more than 500°C and specific surface at least 45 m2/g. method of obtaining composition includes carrying out continuous reaction in mixture of compounds of zirconium, cerium and other rare earth metal element, different from cerium with basic compound with time of being in reactor not longer than 100 milliseconds, obtained sediment is heated, and then combined with surface-active substance before burning Catalytic system, containing claimed composition, and method of purification of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines with application of described above composition or catalytic system as catalyst, are described. |
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Method of removing impurities from diesel engine exhaust gas Invention can be used in chemical industry. The method of removing impurities from diesel engine exhaust gas includes steps of injecting a reducing agent into the engine exhaust gas, said reducing agent containing urea or ammonia, selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas using the reducing agent, and periodically injecting a hydrocarbon into the obtained output stream. The method includes the following steps: oxidising carbon monoxide, solid particles of incompletely combusted hydrocarbons and the added hydrocarbon to carbon dioxide and water; selective oxidation of possible excess reducing agent to free nitrogen; filtering the output stream by passing the gas through a catalytic filter, where the remaining solid particles are trapped in the filter and where carbon monoxide, solid particles and hydrocarbons are oxidised to carbon dioxide and water, and the reducing agent is selectively oxidised to nitrogen. |
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Invention can be used in chemical industry for reduction of nitrogen oxides to nitrogen in waste gas. Waste gas is passed through catalytic system, which contains, at least, two layers of catalyst, in presence of oxygen-containing reducing agent. The first catalyst layer contains only aluminium oxide, and the second layer, which is located lower, contains only indium or indium oxide on aluminium oxide carrier. |
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Diesel oxidative catalyst with high low-temperature activity Invention relates to field of catalysis. Described is method of obtaining catalyst, which includes impregnation of metal oxide substrate material with platinum compound, drying below the point of said platinum compound decomposition, burning in gas flow, which contains NO and inert gas. Described is application of said catalyst as oxidation catalyst, and catalyst unit in the system of exhaust gas purification. |
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Invention relates to field of catalysis. Described is method of creating efficient platinum-free catalytic coating on ceramic units for neutralisation of waste gases of autotractor diesel engines, which includes formation of substrate with large value of specific surface on ceramic honeycomb carriers. |
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Exhaust gas cleaning catalyst and method of its production Invention relates to exhaust gas cleaning catalyst, method of its production and exhaust gas cleaner. Proposed catalyst comprises crystalline metal oxide carrier and noble metal particle secured thereat. Said noble metal particle is epitaxy-grown at said carrier. Said noble metal particle is dispersed and secured at carrier inner and outer surfaces, mainly, hemispherical. Width (W) of contact section between said carrier and said particle and height (H) of said particle from said particle surface satisfy the following formula (1): W / H > 1,0. Said height (H) of said particle from carrier surface makes 0.5 nm or larger. Noble metal particle diameter measured by carbon monoxide process makes 0.5-10 nm. Production of said catalyst comprises the steps that follow. 1) Masking of at least a portion of crystalline metal oxide carrier in solution by masking agent and dipping said carrier in solution bearing noble metal. 2) Drying and annealing of said carrier and said solution with noble metal to secure said noble metal at said carrier. |
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Catalytic neutraliser of vehicle harmful emissions Invention relates to machine building and can be used for control over exhaust gas emissions. Proposed neutraliser comprises catalyst cell heater control unit, catalyst heater, catalyst and extra carbon dioxide concentration transducer, hydrocarbon concentration transducer , driver's emissions indicator, unit of wireless communication with GLONASS receiver, unit of wireless communication of GLOSS transmitter with catalyst heater control unit. Technical result is ensured by fitting concentration transducers at exhaust system outlet. signals of said transducers are converted by automatic wireless feedback to control signals of said neutraliser to allow decreasing the concentration of harmful emissions. |
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Method and catalyst for removal of nitrogen oxides from exhaust gases Invention relates to removal of exhaust gases from ICEs and gas turbines. Proposed method is implemented via introduction of reducing agent and reduction of nitrogen oxides over the catalyst based on zeolite at corrugated single-piece carrier. Note here that said carrier features density of 50 g/l to 300 g/l and porosity of 50% and single-piece carrier porosity is caused by 50-200 mcm-deep pores in diameter of 1 to 30 mcm. |
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Invention relates to a composition based on cerium oxide and zirconium oxide having special porosity, which can be used in catalyst systems for treating exhaust gases. The composition is based on cerium oxide and zirconium oxide containing at least 30 wt % cerium oxide which, after calcination at temperature of 900°C for 4 hours, has two types of pore distribution, the diameters of which, for the first type of distribution, lie in the range from 5 nm to 15 nm for a composition having cerium oxide content of 30% to 65%, or from 10 nm to 20 nm for a composition having cerium oxide content higher than 65% and, for the second type of distribution, in the range from 45 nm to 65 nm for a composition having a cerium oxide content of 30% to 65% or from 60 nm to 100 nm for a composition having cerium oxide content higher than 65%. The method of producing the composition includes steps of: forming a first liquid medium containing a zirconium compound, a cerium (III) compound, sulphate ions, an oxidising agent and, optimally, a compound of a rare-earth element other than cerium; bringing the medium into contact with a base, whereby a precipitate is formed; separating and washing the precipitate; suspending the precipitate in water and heat treatment of the obtained medium at temperature of 90°C; and separating and calcining the precipitate. |
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Method of obtaining scr-active zeolite catalyst and scr-active zeolite catalyst Claimed invention relates to method of obtaining SCR-active zeolite catalyst and to catalyst, obtained thereof. Described is method of obtaining said catalyst, characterised by the fact that Fe-ion-exchange zeolite is first subjected to exposure to reducing hydrocarbon atmosphere for first thermal processing (3) in the range from 300 to 600°C, which reduces degree of oxidation of Fe ions and/or increases dispersion of Fe ions in zeolite, after that, reduced zeolite is subjected to exposure of oxidising atmosphere for second thermal processing (4) in the range from 300 to 600°C, which removes hydrocarbon residues and/or carbon residues in oxidation manner, and zeolite is burnt (2) in the course of first and second thermal processing (3 and 4) with obtaining catalyst. Described is SCR-active catalyst with burnt catalytic composition, which includes Fe-ion exchange zeolite, where Fe ions are present mainly with oxidation degree less than +3 and/or with high dispersion in zeolite, characterised by the fact that conversion of Fe ions into ions with higher degree of oxidation +3 and/or reduction of their dispersion is blocked. |
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Catalysts of oxidation for diesel engines based on base metals and modified with base metals Inventions can be used in field of environment protection. Method of catalyst obtaining includes introduction of base metal in form of ammonium hydroxide or ammonia complex, or in form of organic amine complex, or in form of hydroxide compound into active in redox reactions cubic fluorite CeZrOx material under basic conditions. Catalyst of oxidation includes primary catalytic active metal from group of noble metals, applied on carrier, as well as secondary catalytic active component, which is obtained by ionic exchange between surface of cubic fluorite CeZrOx material and base metal solution and optionally zeolite. Obtained catalysts are used in catalytic device, placing one of them on substrate, around which case is located. Obtained catalysts are also used in method of processing of exhaust gases, passing exhaust gases above them. |
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Scr catalysts: transition metal/zeolite Invention relates to method of converting nitrogen oxides into nitrogen. Method is realised by contact of nitrogen oxides with nitrogenous reducing agent in presence of synthetic zeolite catalyst, which contains from 0.1 to 10 wt % of metal per total weight of zeolite catalyst. Metal is selected from Cu, Fe or their combination. Zeolite catalyst is applied on filter substrate and represents silicoalumophosphate zeolite (SAPO) with CHA type structure. |
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Invention relates to device which includes internal combustion engine, working on poor mixture, for instance, engine with ignition from compression (Diesel) or petrol engine, working on poor mixture, and exhaust system, containing one or several catalytic components for afterpurification. One or more catalytic components for afterpurification include catalytic composition, containing alloy, which consists of palladium and gold, on first metal oxide carrier, and platinum, placed on separate metal oxide carrier, different from carrier with alloy of palladium and gold. Platinum on second metal oxide carrier is located in the layer under upper layer, containing palladium-gold alloy on first metal oxide carrier. Atomic ratio Au:Pd in catalytic composition constitutes from 9:1 to 1:9. Method of producing catalytic composition includes stages of application of oxide coating, which contains platinum salt and metal oxide carrier, on substrate monolith, drying with further calcinations of substrate monolith with applied coating, obtaining oxide coating, which contains Pd:Au alloy, preliminarily fixed on metal oxide carrier, and application of upper layer of coating from oxide, which contains applied on carrier Pd:Au alloy, on underlying layer of platinum applied on carrier. |
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Described is oxidation catalyst, which includes extruded solid material, containing: 10-95 wt % of, at least, one matrix-binding component; 5-90 wt % of synthetic alumosilicate zeolite molecular sieve or mixture of any two or more of such sieves, each of which has 10-ring pore structure or larger than 10-ring pore structure as its largest structure of pore holes, and has ratio of silicon dioxide and aluminium oxide constituting from 10 to 150; and 0-80 wt % of optionally stabilised cerium dioxide, with catalyst containing, at least, one precious metal and, optionally, at least, one non-precious metal, in which (1) main mass of, at least, one precious metal is located on the surface of extruded solid material; (ii) at least, one precious metal is applied in one layer or several layers on the surface of extruded solid material; (iii) at least, one metal is present in volume of extruded solid material and is present in higher concentration on the surface of extruded solid material; (iv) at least, one metal is present in volume of extruded solid material and is applied in one layer or several layers on the surface of extruded solid material; or (v) at least, one metal is present in volume of extruded solid material, is present in higher concentration on the surface of extruded solid material, and is applied in one layer or several layers on the surface of extruded solid material. Described are method of claimed catalyst manufacturing, method of processing emissions of waste gases of combustion engines, and system of discharge of gases and vehicle. |
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Nox retaining materials and traps resistant to thermal ageing Invention relates to NOx retaining materials. Described is a nitrogen oxide retaining catalyst, having: a substrate; a first porous oxide coating layer on the substrate, where said first porous oxide coating layer contains a nitrogen oxide retaining material which contains substrate particles of cerium oxide coated with barium carbonate; and a second porous oxide coating layer over the first porous oxide coating layer containing one platinum group metal, wherein the second porous oxide coating layer essentially does not contain platinum, cerium and barium, and said one platinum group metal is rhodium deposited on particles of a refractory metal oxide, which contain aluminium oxide doped with zirconium oxide in amount of up to 30%. Described is a method of producing said retaining material and use thereof. |
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Mobile catalyst of nox removal Claimed invention relates to catalysts for processes of selective catalytic reduction of NOx compounds in exhaust fumes and output gases from burning processes. According to invention catalysts include catalytically active metal component and particles of mixed TiO2/ZrO2 porous carrier, which contain: a) crystal phase, which contains titanium dioxide and/or titanium/zircon mixed dioxide, b) zircon-containing amorphous phase, and c) small quantity of one or several oxides of metal (metals) or oxides of metalloid (metalloids), precipitated on external amorphous layer. Described are porous carrier of catalyst and method of its obtaining, method of catalyst obtaining and method of reduction of compounds NOx in gas or liquid phase with application of upper described catalyst. |
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Invention relates to methods of obtaining block catalysts, catalysts of purification of exhaust gases (EG) of combustion engines (CE). Described is method of preparing catalyst for CE EG purification, in which for application of intermediate coating and active phase used is water suspension, which includes aluminium hydroxide - boehmite (AlOOH), reducing disaccharide and soluble salts of Ce, Zr, Y, La in form of nitric acid salts in proportion required for formation in coating of tetragonal phase Zr0.5Ce0,5O2, stable in temperature range 500-1000°C and ratio in coating (Me2O3+ZrO2+CeO2):γ-Al2O3-1:1, where - Me - Y, La, as well as one or several inorganic salts of platinum group metals, with thermal processing of coating being carried out simultaneously with reduction at temperature 550-1000°C. Obtained is catalyst for purification of exhaust gases of combustion engine with composition in wt %: Al2O3 - 6,0-7,0, (Me2O3+ZrO2+CeO2), where - Me - Y, La, - 6.0-7.0, including content of Me2O3, where - Me - Y, La,- 0.35-0.5 wt %. Active phase, in terms of platinum group metals is 0.07-0.08 wt %. Block carrier constitutes the remaining part to 100 wt %. Specific surface of coating after TP: 500°C - 100-120 m2/g, 800°C - 80-100 m2/g, 1000°C - 60-70 m2/g, 1200°C - 5-10 m2/g. |
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Nanostructured catalyst for after-burning of carbon monooxide Claimed invention relates to catalysts from metals of platinum group on oxide carrier, intended for removal of harmful components, in particular of gaseous carbon monoxide in engine exhaust fumes of automobile engines or for application in electrodes of gas-sensitive sensors, in fuel elements, which work on synthesis-gas, and in other electrochemical devices. Described is nano-structured catalyst for after-burning of carbon monoxide, which as carrier contains tin dioxide, alloyed with antimony oxide with ratio of antimony to tin being 2 mol % and particles of nano-crystalline platinum, content of which in catalyst constitutes 2 wt %, with oxide carrier having one-phase composition, and particles of nano-crystalline platinum, precipitated on oxide carrier, have size 3-5 nm. |
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System for decreasing toxicity of engine offgas using selective catalytic reduction catalyst Invention relates to reduction of toxicity of automotive diesel exhaust gases containing nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons by adding ammonium or compounds decomposing thereto to offgas flow to be forced above two selective reduction catalysts (SRC). First SRC catalyst arranged at inlet side catalyses efficiently the co-proportioning of nitrogen oxides by ammonium at 300-500°C and contains tungsten oxide WO3 and homogeneous mixed cerium and zirconium oxides (Ce, Zr)O2. Note here that hydrocarbons contained in exhaust gas are partially oxidised. Second SRC catalyst arranged at outlet side contains copper-substituted zeolite compound and catalyses efficiently the co-proportioning of nitrogen oxides by ammonium at 150-400°C and, at a time, accumulates excess ammonium. |
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Present invention relates to reducing toxicity of exhaust gases of diesel engines of vehicles for transporting passengers, goods and for non-transportation work. Described is an oxidation catalyst, having a housing support and a catalytically active coating made from platinum, active aluminium oxide and a mixed oxide of aluminium and silicon, wherein the aluminium oxide and mixed oxide of aluminium and silicon are catalytically activated with platinum which is present in the active aluminium oxide in amount of 55-95 wt % of its total amount present in the catalyst, and in the remaining amount is deposited on the mixed oxide of aluminium and silicon, wherein the quantitative ratio of aluminium oxide to the mixed oxide of aluminium and silicon ranges from 1:1.5 to 1:4. Described are systems for reducing toxicity of exhaust gases for vehicles with diesel engines (versions), in which the oxidation catalyst described above is placed on the path of exhaust gases before the particle filter, or the oxidation catalyst described above is placed on the path of exhaust gases before a selective catalytic reduction catalyst. Described is a method of reducing toxicity of exhaust gases using the oxidation catalyst. |
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Fuel additive containing cerium dioxide nanoparticles with altered structure Invention relates to a method of producing cerium dioxide nanoparticles and use thereof. Described is a method of producing cerium dioxide nanoparticles with a given lattice, which contain at least one transition metal (M), wherein: (a) an aqueous reaction mixture is prepared, said mixture containing a source of Ce3+ ions, a source of ions of one or more transition metals (M), a source of hydroxide ions, at least one nanoparticle stabiliser and an oxidant which oxidises the Ce3+ ion to a Ce4+ ion, at initial temperature ranging from about 20°C to about 95°C; (b) mechanical shearing of said mixture and passing said mixture through a perforated sieve to form a homogeneously distributed suspension of cerium hydroxide nanoparticles; and (c) creating temperature conditions that are effective for oxidation of the Ce3+ ion to a Ce4+ ion to form a product stream containing cerium dioxide nanoparticles, containing a transition metal Ce1-xMxO2, where x assumes a value from about 0.3 to about 0.8, said nanoparticles have a cubic fluorite structure, average hydrodynamic diameter ranging from about 1 nm to about 10 nm and geometric diameter from about 1 nm to about 4 nm, wherein the nanoparticle stabiliser is water-soluble and has a value Log KBC ranging from 1 to 14, where KBC denotes a constant for binding the nanoparticle stabiliser to a cerium ion in water and said temperature conditions that are effective for oxidation of the Ce3+ ion to a Ce4+ ion include temperature from about 50°C to about 100°C. Described is a method of preparing a homogeneous dispersion containing stabilised crystalline nanoparticles of cerium dioxide with a given lattice, containing a transition metal, Ce1-xMxO2, where M is at least one transition metal and x assumes a value from about 0.3 to about 0.8; (a) preparing an aqueous mixture which contains stabilised cerium dioxide nanoparticles containing a transition metal, Ce1-xMxO2, having a cubic fluorite structure, wherein, wherein said nanoparticles have average hydrodynamic diameter ranging from about 1 nm to about 10 nm and geometric diameter less than about 4 nm; (b) concentrating said aqueous mixture containing said stabilised cerium dioxide nanoparticles containing a transition metal, thereby forming an aqueous concentrate; (c) removing essentially all water from said aqueous concentrate to form an essentially water-free concentrate of stabilised cerium dioxide nanoparticles containing a transition metal; (d) adding an organic diluent to said essentially water-free concentrate to form an organic concentrate of said stabilised cerium dioxide nanoparticles containing a transition metal; and (e) merging said organic concentrate with a surfactant in the presence of a nonpolar medium to form said homogeneous dispersion containing stabilised crystalline nanoparticles of cerium dioxide containing a transition metal, Ce1-xMxO2, where M and x assume values given above. Described is a deposited coating for the catalytic converter of the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, where said deposited coating is obtained using said homogeneous dispersion. |
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Engine exhaust channel accommodates hydrocarbon feed valve 16, oxidation catalyst 13, exhaust gas cleaning catalyst 14 and NOx selective reduction catalyst 15. "Air-to-fuel ratio" in exhaust gas flowing to catalyst 14 is reduced, a definite interval of maintaining lean content of said components being predefined, to make NOx reduce in catalyst 14. While NOx not reduced in said catalyst 14 is reduced by ammonia to be absorbed in NOx selective reduction catalyst 15. Aforesaid "air-fuel" ratio, sometimes, is changed from lean to reach composition of said mix. Here ammonia formed in catalyst 14 is absorbed in catalyst 15. |
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Method of selective catalytic cleaning of exhaust and flue gas of nitrogen oxide Invention relates to selective catalytic cleaning of exhaust and flue gases of nitrogen oxides. Proposed method comprises catalytic removal of nitrogen oxide from gas using ammonia as reducing agent and removal of unreacted ammonia from gas phase. Note here that removal of said unreacted ammonia from gas phase is performed with the help of cation exchanger charged with metal/metals forming strong complexes with ammonia. |
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Ageing-resistant to of oxidising no to no2 in exhaust gas flows Invention relates to zeolite containing platinum. Method of producing zeolite containing platinum comprises impregnating zeolite with platinum sulfite solution and calcination of impregnated zeolite in protective atmosphere. Obtained zeolite comprises, at least 2 wt % of platinum wherein, at least, 90% of platinum are located in zeolite pores. Besides, invention covers the application of aforesaid zeolite as oxidation catalyst and trap of hydrocarbons and catalyst component bearing said zeolite. |
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Cleaning system of exhaust gas of internal combustion engine Outlet channel of the engine in the order of inlet side is provided with hydrocarbon supply valve (16), oxidation (13) catalyst and cleaning catalyst (14) of exhaust gas. In compliance with the engine working mode, there selectively applied is the first NOx cleaning method, in which air-fuel ratio of exhaust gas flowing to exhaust gas cleaning catalyst (14) is reduced at a certain interval at maintaining its poor level so that NOx can be removed without forced NOx accumulation in the form of nitrates, and the second NOx cleaning method, in which composition of air-fuel mixture of exhaust gas flowing to exhaust gas cleaning catalyst (14) is switched over from poor to rich at the interval exceeding the above period so that NOx can be removed. |
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Device for decreasing diesel engine exhaust toxicity Invention relates to devices for decreasing diesel engine exhaust toxicity Proposed device incorporates oxidation catalyst, soot filter with catalytically active coating, device to feed reducing agent from outer source and catalyst of catalytically selective reduction, all being arranged along exhaust gas flow. Note here that oxidation catalyst and soot filter with catalytically active coating contain palladium and platinum. Note here that ratio between total amount of palladium and platinum varies from 8:1 to 1:15. Note also that ratio between amount of platinum and palladium in oxidation catalyst does not exceed 6:1. While the ratio between amount of platinum and palladium in soot filter with catalytically active coating makes, at least, 10:1. Invention describes method reducing diesel engine toxicity consisting in forcing diesel exhaust through above described device. |
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Catalyst for cleaning exhaust gases and method for production thereof Present invention relates to a catalyst for cleaning exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine and a method of producing said catalyst. The catalyst for cleaning exhaust gases (1) according to the present invention contains particles which simultaneously contain carrier/promoter particles in cladding material (5), which include catalyst blocks (13) which contain particles of a noble metal (8) and carrier particles (9) as holding material for the particles of the noble metal (8), carrying particles of the noble metal (8); promoter blocks (14), for which there is contact with particles of the noble metal (8) and which contain particles of a first promoter (11), capable of accumulating and releasing oxygen; and cladding material (12) which encloses the catalyst blocks (13) and promoter blocks (14) and separates particles of the noble metal (8) and the carrier particles (9) in the catalyst blocks (13) from particles of the first promoter (11) in the promoter blocks (14). The catalyst for cleaning exhaust gases (1) contains particles of a second promoter (6), which are capable of accumulating and releasing oxygen and are not enclosed by the cladding material (12) in the particles, simultaneously containing carrier/promoter particles in the cladding material (5). |
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Internal combustion engine exhaust gas cleaning device Invention describes an exhaust gas cleaning device and a downstream exhaust gas cleaning device, which are connected to each other by means of an exhaust pipe, the cross-section area of which is less than the cross-section area of an upstream exhaust gas cleaning device and cross-section area of the downstream exhaust gas cleaning device, a connection part of the channel to connect an outlet opening after a catalyst in the upstream exhaust gas cleaning device with an exhaust pipe; the channel connection part has such shape that central axis of the upper exhaust gas cleaning device in the direction, in which exhaust gas flows, does not coincide with central axis of exhaust pipe in the direction, in which exhaust gas flows, introduction means located in the channel connection part and intended for introduction to the exhaust channel of an additive so that the additive is supplied to the surface of opposite wall of the channel connection part. |
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Catalyst for neutralisation of exhaust gases and method of producing said catalyst Present invention relates to a catalyst for neutralisation of exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine and a method of producing said catalyst. Described is a catalyst (1) for neutralisation of exhaust gases, having a catalyst unit which contains particles (6) of a noble metal; and a first substance (7) which carries particles of the noble metal; and an activator unit which contains a second substance (9) which is not in contact with particles of the noble metal and is capable of accumulating oxygen, a third substance which surrounds both the catalyst unit and the activator unit and separates particles of the noble metal and the first substance in the catalyst unit from the second substance in the activator unit, wherein the third substance has a plurality of fine pores, and the mean diameter of the fine pores is less than the mean diameter of particles of the first substance and the mean diameter of particles of the second substance, and wherein the average distance between the central point of the catalyst unit and the central point of the activator unit ranges from 5 nm to 300 nm. Described is a method of producing a catalyst involving separate or combined pulverisation of the first and second substances and simultaneous inclusion of the first and second substances pulverised with a precursor of the third substance. |
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Method of reducing content of nitrogen oxides in ice exhaust gas flow Fuel-air mix is fired in engine combustion chamber in the presence of fuel additive. Note here that said fuel additive gets decomposed and offgas flow is forced through catalyst arranged downstream of combustion chamber. Note also that fuel additive is used to be decomposed in combustion chamber with release of ammonium. Ammonium-bearing flow of offgas is forced through, at least, one SCR-catalyst arranged behind combustion chamber to reduce concentration of nitrogen oxides. |
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Invention relates to catalyst and method of NOx removal from high temperature smoke gases, which have temperature 500°C or higher and contain nitrogen oxide. Catalyst contains complex oxide carrier, which contains titanium oxide and applied on it tungsten oxide with number of molecular layers of tungsten oxide (WO3) equal five or fewer. Method of NOx removal is realised by circulation of smoke gases at temperature 500°C or higher through said catalyst. Even in course of process of high-temperature denitriding required strength of carrier bond with WO3 is supported, and WO3 evaporation can be suppressed with preservation of high indices of NOx removal. |
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Water solution for processing exhaust gases from diesel engines Invention relates to application of water solution, containing for the major part component, decomposable to gaseous ammonia at temperature higher than 200°C, and for the minor part, one or several multifunctional additives with hydrophilic-lipophilic balance within from 7 to 17 in aerosol devices for additional processing of exhaust gases, in particular, in devices of selective catalytic reduction, to limit formation of deposits on the basis of cyanuric acid. Method of selective catalytic processing of exhaust gases includes evaporation at temperature 200-400°C of said water solution. |
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Described is purifying from disperse particles material, used for filter-catalyst for purification from disperse particles, and filter-catalyst is located on the way of flow of exhaust gases of internal combustion engine, catching disperse particles in exhaust gases, which are formed in internal combustion engine, and burning precipitated disperse particles in order to be regenerated, and purifying from disperse particles material includes: oxide, containing cerium (Ce), possessing ability to accumulate-release oxygen; and at least one metal (Me), selected from group, consisting of zirconium (zr), yttrium (Y), lanthanum (La), praseodymium (Pr), strontium (Sr), nioubium (Nb) and neodymium (Nd), and ratio of content of (Ce:Me) cerium to metal constitutes from 6:4 to 9:1 in units of atomic ratio, and degree of crystallinity (CR), represented by the following formula (1), lies within the range 36-60%: Degree of crystallinity (CR)=I/I0× 100(%) (1), where I represents intensity of X-ray diffraction peak with respect to plane (111) of phase CeO2 in purifying from disperse particles material, and I0 stands for intensity of X-ray diffraction peak with respect to plane (111) of phase CeO2 after roasting material, which purifies from disperse particles, in the air at 1000°C. Described is filter-catalyst for purification from disperse particles, which is located on the way of flow of exhaust gases of internal combustion engine, catching disperse particles in exhaust gases, which are formed in internal combustion engine, and burning precipitated disperse particles in order to be regenerated, and filter-catalyst includes: filter-carrier, made from porous ceramics with continuous small pores; and layer of catalyst, formed on the wall of filter-carrier, and catalyst layer contains: 25-100 g/l of mixture of described above purifying from disperse particles material and noble metal; and 0.25-1.0 g/l of noble metal, counted per unit of volume of filter-carrier. Described is method of regeneration of described above filter-catalyst, including control of internal temperature of filter-catalyst at the level from 350°C to 800°C, thus ensuring burning and removal of disperse particles, precipitated on filter-catalyst. |
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Catalyst for cleaning exhaust gas and exhaust gas cleaning apparatus using said catalyst Invention relates to a catalyst and apparatus for cleaning exhaust gas. Said catalyst contains a composite oxide of general formula (1): {AXA'{1-x)} {ByB'(1-y)}(1-z) (PM1)zO3 (1), where A is lanthanum (La), component A' is barium (Ba), component B is iron (Fe), component B' is niobium (Nb) and component (PM1) (noble metal) is palladium (Pd), and where x ranges from more than 0.30 to 0.95 or less, y ranges from 0.07 or more to 0.94 or less, and z ranges from 0.01 or more to 0.10 or less. The apparatus for cleaning exhaust gas in order to reduce concentration of nitrogen oxides includes: a trapping device for trapping solid particles in the exhaust gas and said catalyst for cleaning exhaust gas lying after the trapping device in the direction of flow of exhaust gas. Versions of the apparatus for cleaning exhaust gas are provided. |
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Method of making ice exhaust gas cleaning catalyst Invention relates to methods of making catalysts, preferably for ICE exhaust cleaners. Proposed method comprises impregnating inert carrier with the mix of organic solutions of compounds of europium and/or cerium, platinum and/or palladium and bismuth, stripping of organic solution and high-temperature treatment of inert carrier at 820-870°C. Used organic solutions represent extracts of compounds of europium and/or cerium, platinum and/or palladium and bismuth to be mixed in preset ratio that allows for the following content of catalyst in active solid phase: oxides of europium and/or cerium - 96-98 wt %, oxide of platinum and/or palladium - 0.5-2 wt %, and bismuth oxide - 1.5-2 wt %. |
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Invention relates to catalysts for cleaning exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine. Described is a catalyst for cleaning internal combustion engine exhaust gas which has an active catalyst component containing at least palladium and magnesium, where said palladium contains at least palladium with surface charge corresponding to valence 2 and/or valence 4, wherein the proportion of palladium with surface charge corresponding to valence 0 is expressed as: valence 0/ (valence 0 + valence 2 + valence 4), which is less than 0.5. Described is a method of cleaning exhaust gas, involving treatment of hydrocarbons in the internal combustion engine exhaust gas, involving reduction of gas using the catalyst described above. Described is a method of removing hydrocarbon, involving treatment of exhaust gas having air/fuel ratio less than 14.7, from an internal combustion engine using the catalyst described above. |
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Method and device for processing exhaust gases generated at internal combustion engine operation Present invention refers to method and device for processing exhaust gases (EG) generated at internal combustion engine operation (ICE). The device (15) for processing exhaust gases (EG) generated at internal combustion engine operation has evaporator (16) of reducing agent solution with evaporating unit (12) designed for evaporation of water solution (45) and containing one reducing agent precursor substance for preparation of gaseous mixture. The mixture shall contain one of the following substances: a) one reducing agent precursor substance and b) reducing agent connected to the evaporator (16) of reducing agent solution, hydrolysis catalytic agent (17), first of all urea hydrolysis to ammonia, and catalytic agent (18) of selective catalytic reduction (SCR-catalytic agent) of nitrogen oxides located in outlet duct (14) and differing by the fact that the evaporator (16) of reducing agent solution and hydrolysis catalytic agent (17) are located outside the outlet duct (14) with the possibility of connection with it, note that downstream there is thermal insulation (72) after the hydrolysis catalytic agent (17) that prevents thermal contact of catalytic agent (17) with the outlet duct (14). |
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Method and apparatus for producing aqueous solution containing urea Invention relates to a method of producing an aqueous solution containing urea, meant for use when removing nitrogen oxides from gaseous combustion products and flue gases. The method involves steps for: using carbon dioxide to wash at least a portion of concentrated aqueous urea solution obtained directly from or downstream the urea extraction section of an apparatus for producing urea and containing residual free ammonia, to obtain a first vapour phase containing carbon dioxide and possibly ammonia and concentrated aqueous urea solution containing carbamate and essentially not containing free ammonia, and dilution of said concentrated aqueous urea solution containing carbamate and essentially not containing free ammonia with water until the required urea concentration in the aqueous solution is achieved. Also disclosed is an apparatus for producing an aqueous solution containing urea (versions) and a method of modernising existing apparatus for producing urea (versions). |
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Device for treatment of exhaust gas of internal combustion engines Device for treatment of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines operating on lean flammable mixture of internal combustion engines for automobiles containing decomposition catalyst of reducing agent by, in particular, catalyst hydrolysis in stream of exhaust gas, and doser for injection of reducing agent, in particular, for injection of water solution of urea upstream in exhaust pipeline, at that one additional catalyst device, in particular, one SCR-catalyst is connected in succession to decomposition catalyst of reducing agent, at that before decomposition catalyst (9) of reducing agent inlet section (10) for exhaust gas is included, it has area (15a, 15b) of flow turn and is designed so that exhaust gas is injected radially from outside of inlet pipe (14) connected to decomposition catalyst (9) of reducing agent to part (11a, 11b) of housing around inlet pipe (14) and passes in contraflow through end inlet hole (15) of inlet pipe (14) to decomposition catalyst (9) of reducing agent, at that reducing agent is injected in area (15a) of turn of exhaust gas flow, the area relates to inlet hole. |
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Device with internal combustion engine operating on lean mixture and exhaust system Invention refers to device containing exhaust system including catalyst-adsorbent NOx (NAC) and catalytic soot filter (CSF). Essence of invention: device contains: (i) internal combustion engine operating on lean mixture; (ii) exhaust system for treatment of exhaust gas from engine, at that the system includes: (a) the first monolithic basis containing catalyst-adsorbent for NOx (NAC); (b) catalytic soot filter (CSF) including filter basis; and means for enrichment of exhaust gas with periodic obtainment of enriched composition of exhaust gas during normal functioning of engine with lean mixture to remove sulphate adsorbed by catalyst-adsorbent NOx, at that exhaust system includes: (c) chemical compound located downstream of at least some part of catalyst-adsorbent NOx, which is effective for removal and/or converting of at least some part of hydrogen sulphide containing in enriched exhaust gas obtained from removed sulphate adsorbed by catalyst-adsorbent NOx. Also transport device containing device and method of desulfation of catalyst-adsorbent NOx (NAC) in exhaust system. |
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Method of producing catalyst for diesel soot after-burning Invention relates to methods of producing catalysts for cleaning diesel engine emissions. Described is a method of producing a catalyst for diesel soot after-burning, involving mixing a copper extract in n-caprylic acid and a molybdenum extract in isoamyl alcohol in a ratio which ensures content of metals in the obtained mixture which corresponds to the composition CuMoO4, subsequent removal of the solvent from the obtained mixture and pyrolysis thereof on air, wherein the obtained mixture of extracts is brought to total concentration of metals of 1.5-2.0 wt % using isoamyl alcohol; the diluted mixture is deposited on a substrate made from titanium or alloy thereof, which is treated by plasma-electrolytic oxidation in an aqueous electrolyte; the solvent is removed by heating the titanium substrate with the deposited mixture of extracts to 150°C for not less than 1 hour; subsequent pyrolysis is carried out at temperature 540-550°C for not less than 1 hour. |
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Method and device for gas mix preparation Inventions may be used in production of engines. Device is intended for preparing gas mix containing, at least, one of the following substances: reducing agent and its precursor. Proposed device comprises supply tank for water solution 45 of reducing agent precursor communicated with evaporation chamber 24, device to dispense said solution 45 into evaporation chamber 24 and evaporation chamber heater 27. Evaporation chamber is heated to 350-450°C whereat said water solution is completely evaporated. Hydrolysis catalyst 17 is arranged downstream of evaporation chamber 24. Hydrolysis catalyst 17 is furnished with means 31 to maintain uniform temperature therein. Heat capacity of hydrolysis catalyst 17 does not exceed 60 J/K. |
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Vanadium-free catalyst for selective catalytic reduction and method of its production Invention relates to vanadium-free catalyst for reduction of aluminium oxides by ammonium or compound decomposing thereto. It relates also to activation of homogeneous mixed cerium and zirconium oxides for nitrogen oxide reduction. Proposed catalyst comprises catalytically active coat applied on inner carries body. Note here that said coat consists, partially or completely, of homogeneous mixed cerium and zirconium oxides with cerium amount varying from 10 wt % to 90 wt % per total weight of said mix, activated for reduction by introducing transition metal. Transition metal is selected from the group including chromium, molybdenum and mixes of said transition metals or combinations thereof. |
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Device and method of reagent evaporation Invention may be used in chemical industry. Device 1 and method are used to evaporate, at least, one of the following reagents, i.e. solution of reducer precursor and reducer precursor. Device comprises, at least, one electrically heated heating zone 2. Said heating zone 2 comprises, at least, one electrical heater 3 with heating resistor 4 self-adjusted nearby significant temperature. Electrical resistor 4 is characterised by electric resistance variation curve related to temperature and having, at least, one kink point. Curve of derivative of said electric resistance variation curve, in temperature range related to said kink point, features full width at the level of semi-peak, equal to not over 40 K. In the range of significant temperatures, said electric resistance variation curve features rise exceeding 1 Ohm/K. |
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Cylinders of engine running on lean mixes are proposed to be divided into two groups to discharge waste gases via pipelines assigned to each said group. Each said pipeline incorporates carbon-black filter. Said exhaust pipelines are integrated into one common exhaust pipeline at its inlet. Said common exhaust pipeline accommodates catalyst for nitrogen dioxide removal. Said filters are regenerated to limit waste gas temperature in common exhaust pipeline by mean temperature of waste gases in operating conditions and at filter recovery to protect aforesaid catalyst from thermal damages. |
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Catalytically activated filter designed to filtrate solid particles from spent gases (SG) of a diesel engine and having a filtering element and an oxidising-active catalytic coating, and also one more coating catalytically active in the reaction of selective catalytic reduction (SCR-reaction), containing a material that accumulates ammonia, besides, the specified coatings are arranged in the order, in which SG exposed to neutralisation or reduction of toxicity first go through a coating that is catalytically active in the SCR-reaction, and then through the oxidising-active catalytic coating. |
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Method and device to reduce no2 emission ice running on lean mixed and with compression combustion Invention may be used in engine production. Engine exhaust gas containing NO2 is brought in contact with catalyst. Said catalyst is active in reducing NO2 to NO and comprises, at least, one platinum group metal provided that platinum metal is not platinum. Catalyst comprises, at least, one metal oxide active in redox reactions for NO2 reduction to NO in reaction with CO, hydrocarbons and/or carbon black present in exhaust gas. Proposed device comprises engine exhaust system provided with above described catalyst. |
Another patent 2513068.