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Method of dynamic levelling of heap layer while cleaning grain combine harvester at work on slopes and device for its implementation. RU patent 2519850. |
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IPC classes for russian patent Method of dynamic levelling of heap layer while cleaning grain combine harvester at work on slopes and device for its implementation. RU patent 2519850. (RU 2519850):
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FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to agriculture. At work on slopes of a grain combine harvester the cleaner shoe is communicated with the additional lateral oscillations. At the lateral oscillations the joint movement of the heap and the sieve during their movement up the heeling is provided. When movement of the sieve down the heeling the relative sliding of the heap up the sieve is provided. The device for dynamic levelling of heap layer while cleaning grain combine harvester comprises the sidewalls for suspension of sieves, the balancers of the sieve boot, the sieve and the pendulum of the gyroscope. The lateral oscillations are provided to the sieve boot at work on slopes by the vibrators of the right and left heeling, made in the form of a hydraulic cylinder with a rod and having rollers. The sieve boot interacts with spring shock absorbers through the guides. The volumes of the rod and the piston hydraulic cylinder cavities are made in the ratio of 1:2.3. EFFECT: use of the group of inventions increases the efficiency of grain cleaning at work of the harvester on slopes by levelling the heap layer across the width of the sieve. 7 cl, 6 dwg, 3 tbl
The invention relates to agriculture and agricultural machinery, mainly to methods and devices for alignment layer heap on the sieve cleaning grain harvesters when working on slopes fields. Known devices for alignment layer heap when you roll harvester, including the Central screw and the two side augers (analogue) [1]. Known working bodies align layer heap on a limited area sieve, to achieve the desired layer along the entire length of the sieve. Known devices for alignment layer heap when the roll of combine, including rotator working part concave around the longitudinal axis of the casing (analogue) [2]. The rotator partially justifies layer heap on the width of the sieve has an axial rotor combines and not suitable for sieves traditional threshing and separating machines. Known devices for alignment layer heap when you roll harvester, including two screws and finger lattice (analogue) [3]. Known working bodies align layer heap on a limited area sieve, to achieve the desired layer along the entire length of the sieve. Known devices for alignment layer heap when you roll harvester, including two twin screw-coiling opposite direction and a spring-loaded plate (analogue) [4]. Known working bodies align layer heap on a limited area along the length of the sieve, and achieve the desired alignment layer along the entire length sieve impossible. A device for automatic levelling layer heap when you roll harvester, including leash made of composite of two coupled pair of 5-th class of kinematic chains (the closest equivalent) [5]. Specified device has the following shortcomings: a) frequency equipment vibration sieve the same as that of longitudinal; b) the numerical values of lateral acceleration sieves up and down the roll differ from each other insignificantly;) the only mechanism of additional equipment vibration is located on one of the sides from the screens and does not provide effective alignment layer heap at the other side roll harvester. As a result, the device does not provide the necessary values of kinematic mode of slide of a pile up the roll screens and does not allow to achieve the desired result alignment layer heap on width of a sieve both by left and right side Bank of the combine. Objectives (purpose) of the invention are to ensure alignment layer heap on width of a sieve, to reduce the losses of grain and increase productivity harvesters at harvest fields on the slopes. The method includes additional lateral oscillations of the sieve cleaning. Under the action of forces (figure 1 and figure 2), acting on the particle heap, when levelling layer heap on the sieve is the joint movement of the pile with a sieve when driving sieves up the roll and slide of a pile up when moving screens down the roll. These conditions are subject uniformly accelerated motion of a sieve. Thus the value of the acceleration of the sieve when driving down the roll more critical and up the roll is less than the critical value, and their ratio of 1.00. Plot side velocities and accelerations sieve at lateral movement sieves up and down the Bank is presented in figure 3. At lateral movement sieve down the roll plot "in the" side shows the change of speed of screens, and plot - sieve acceleration at lateral movement sieve from the extreme right to the extreme left position. At lateral movement sieve down the roll plot "d" shows the change lateral speed sieve, and plot the "e" - sieve acceleration in side sideways movement sieve from the extreme left to the extreme right position. The critical values of lateral acceleration sieves for cleaning of various crops (wheat, oats, peas) calculated by the formula: down the roll J KRUN =g(sinα+cosα tφ), where J CROWN - critical lateral acceleration sieve down the roll, g - acceleration of gravity, alpha - angle lateral roll, f is the dynamic friction angle grains on the surface of a sieve; up rollJ KRW =g(cosα tgφ-sinα), where J CRW - critical lateral acceleration sieves up the roll, g - acceleration of gravity, alpha - angle lateral roll, f is the dynamic friction angle grains on the surface of a sieve. Figure kinematic mode vibrator calculated by the formula ε=t BB /t BH =J 1/2 KP.BH /J 1/2 KP.BB = =[g(cosα tgφ-sinα)/g(sinα+cosα tgφ)] 1/2 , where e - indicator kinematic mode of vibration; t BB - time lateral movement sieves up the roll; t BH - time lateral movement sieve down the roll; J CROWN - critical lateral acceleration sieve down the roll, J CRW - critical lateral acceleration sieves up the roll, g - acceleration of gravity, alpha - angle lateral roll, f is the dynamic friction angle grains on the surface of a sieve. Time of lateral movement sieves up the roll was found from the expression t BB =V P /q, where t BB - time lateral movement sieves up the roll; V P - the amount of oil that is displaced from piston cavity vibrator; q - pumping oil. Time of lateral movement sieve down the roll is defined by the formula t BH =V W /q where t BH - time lateral movement sieve down the roll; V W is the amount of oil that is displaced from the rod end of the vibrator; q - pumping oil. The amount of oil that is displaced from piston cavity vibrator, is calculated based on V N =πd Paragraph 2 Curve 4, where V P - the amount of oil that is displaced from piston cavity vibrator; PI=3,14...; d P - piston diameter; Delta - stroke (the amplitude of oscillations). The amount of oil that is displaced from the rod end of the vibrator, is determined by the formula V W =p(d P 2-d sh 2 )D/4, where V W is the amount of oil that is displaced from the rod end of the vibrator; PI=3,14...; d P - piston diameter; d sh - stem diameter; Delta - stroke (the amplitude of the displacement of the piston lateral movement sieve). When uniformly accelerated motion lateral movement of sieves is determined by the dependence M=jt 2 /2, where d is the movement; j - acceleration; t - time move. While moving the sieve up the roll is calculated by equation t BB =(2?/J KRW ) 1/2 , where t BB - time move sieves up the roll; Delta - moving; J CRW - critical lateral acceleration sieves up the roll. While moving the sieve down the roll is determined by the formula t BH =(2?/J CROWN ) 1/2 , where t BH - time move sieve down the roll; Delta - moving; J CROWN - critical lateral acceleration sieve down the roll. While moving the sieve up the roll and time of moving screens down the roll depend on the frequency of oscillations of the vibrator. Oscillation frequency vibrator depends on oil supply, the oil flow depends on the bore hole faucet-throttle, the value of bore hole faucet-throttle depends on the angle of rotation of the pendulum arm, angle of rotation of the pendulum arm depends on the angle lateral roll harvester. Thus, the magnitude bore crane-throttle at lateral roll depends indicator kinematic mode of the vibrator, which satisfies the condition ε=[g(cosα tgφ-sinα)/g(sinα+cosα tgφ)], where e - indicator kinematic mode of vibration; g - acceleration of gravity, alpha - angle lateral roll, f is the dynamic friction angle grains on the surface of a sieve. The numerical value of kinematic mode of the vibrator from the angle of lateral roll carried out in accordance with condition ε=[g(cosα tgφ-sinα)/g(sinα+cosα tgφ)], where e - indicator kinematic mode of vibration; g - acceleration of gravity, alpha - angle lateral roll, f is the dynamic friction angle grains on the surface of a sieve. To implement the process a device that contains a link, pendulum, Crans-choke, vibrators left and right Bank, guides, videos and springs of shock absorbers. Device for dynamic alignment layer heap on the screen at the side rolls combine harvester, depicted in figure 4 and Figure 5 contains the lever 1, the pendulum 2, Crans-choke 3, point 4, vibrator 5-right roll, piston 6, the shaft of the vibrator 7, roller 8 vibrator, leader of the 9 right, stand 10, sieve 11, balancers 12, 13 spring shock absorber right Bank, a leader of the 14 absorber right, roller 15 absorber rod 16 absorbers, the vibrator 17 of the left Bank, spring 18 absorber of the left Bank. The device for realization of the method works as follows. At the right side roll combine the lever 1 pendulum 2 turns the tap-reactor 3, which opens the way for the oil from the pump of hydraulic system to valve 4. From the valve oil under pressure enters the piston cavity vibrator 5 and presses the piston 6, which moves together with the rod 7. The rod 7 after the movie 8 moves sideways the sender 9, mounted on the frame 10 sieve 11. Lateral movement of sieves is due articulated suspension on balancers 12. At lateral movement screens to the left up the roll inertia particles heap less friction, so the pile moves with the sieve up. In the end position stroke 6 vibrator 5 valve 4 stops the flow of oil in piston cavity vibrator 5 and supplies oil to rod cavity. The movement of the piston 6 in the opposite direction occurs in less time with higher acceleration, friction force is not enough for the joint motion of the pile with a sieve. The sieve is slipping right down on a roll, leaving the grain pile up on the surface of a sieve. Thus, even the layer heap on the sieve. The numerical values of the required lateral acceleration sieve at lateral roll depend on the size of the angle of lateral roll, the kinematic parameters of the vibrator and technological properties of grain lots. Operating values of lateral acceleration sieve down the roll should be more critical than the calculated based on J KP.BH =g(sinα+cosα tgφ), where J CROWN - critical lateral acceleration sieve down the roll, g - acceleration of gravity, alpha - angle lateral roll, f is the dynamic friction angle grains on the surface of a sieve. Operating values of lateral acceleration sieves up the roll must be less than the critical values of lateral acceleration sieves up the Bank, calculated by the formula J KP.BB =g(cosα tgφ-sinα), where J KP.BB - critical lateral acceleration sieves up the roll, g - acceleration of gravity, alpha - angle lateral roll, f is the dynamic friction angle grains on the surface of a sieve. The ratio of operating values of lateral acceleration up and down shall be in the ratio 1:2,30. To balance the inertial forces generated by lateral oscillations of the sieve mill, used 13 spring that presses the sieve Stan 10 with sieves 11 by the sender 14 through the roller 15 and rod 16 shock absorber. Energy of the compressed spring 13 back to sieve acceleration in the opposite direction. At the left side roll combine lever 1 pendulum 2 swings the other way, and turns the tap-choke 3, with the oil flow is routed to the vibrator 17 of the left Bank. The alignment layer heap left slope is as follows. At lateral movement sieve right up the roll inertia particles heap less friction, so the pile moves with the sieve up. In the end position stroke 6 vibrator 17 valve 4 closes off the oil flow in the piston cavity vibrator and supplies oil to rod cavity vibrator. The movement of the piston 6 in reverse occurs with great acceleration, friction force is insufficient for the joint motion of the pile with a sieve. Sieve slips relative to the pile of grain left down the Bank, leaving the grain pile up on the surface of a sieve. So is the alignment layer heap on the screen at the left side roll harvester. The numerical values of the required lateral accelerations sieve at the left side roll also depend on the size of the angle of lateral roll, the kinematic parameters of the vibrator and technological properties of grain lots. Operating values of the left lateral acceleration sieve down the roll should be more critical than the calculated based on J KP.BH =g(sinα+cosα tgφ), where J CROWN - critical lateral acceleration sieve down the roll, g - acceleration of gravity, alpha - angle lateral roll, f is the dynamic friction angle grains on the surface of a sieve. Operating values of the right-lateral acceleration sieves up the roll must be less than the critical values calculated with the formula J KP.BB =g(cosα tgφ-sinα), where J KP.BB - critical lateral acceleration sieves up the roll, g - acceleration of gravity, alpha - angle lateral roll, f is the dynamic friction angle grains on the surface of a sieve. The ratio of operating values of lateral acceleration up and down, equal to 2.3 similar to alignment with the right Bank. Thus, for levelling layer heap on the cleanup at the left Bank of the combine works vibrator left Bank, right Bank - vibrator-right roll. To balance the forces of inertia screens installed spring dampers. At the left Bank of the combine works spring 18 shock absorber of the left Bank, right Bank - 13 spring shock absorber right Bank. The frequency of equipment vibration sieve depends on the angle of Bank. The higher the value of the roll, the more penetration hole faucet-throttle 3, consequently, the greater the frequency of oscillations of the vibrator. At lateral roll combine frequency equipment vibration sieve is regulated automatically by a turn of the lever 1 pendulum 2 the change in the value bore hole faucet-throttle 3. Thus, the frequency of equipment vibration sieve with increasing angle of Bank grows automatically by increasing the value bore crane-throttle through the lever of the pendulum. The higher the value bore crane-throttle 3, the greater the frequency vibrator 5 or 17, consequently, sieve 11. But the frequency equipment vibration sieves not depend on the frequency of longitudinal vibration sieve mill, and frequency equipment vibration sieve is not equal to the frequency of longitudinal vibration sieve mill. This is necessary to ensure the desired values of kinematic mode of operation, for levelling layer heap on width of a sieve, to reduce the losses of grain and increase productivity harvesters at harvest fields on the slopes. The validity of the arguments is confirmed by the following examples. Example 1. One of the options for solving the problem of dynamic alignment layer heap on the sieve cleaning combine when working on slopes fields selected vibrator model GA-40000 IN combine harvesters "don-1500", in which the piston diameter 45 mm, stem diameter 20 mm, stroke 3 mm With these options vibrator provides a numerical value kinematic mode of operation, equal 1,24. The obtained value of kinematic mode suitable for cleaning grain legumes and other crops with relatively small angles lateral roll harvester. After modernization of the vibrator, i.e. increase of stem size up to 35 mm, kinematic mode of operation increased to values 2,3, i.e. the volume of piston cavity of the cylinder exceeds the volume of the rod end 2.3 times. Thus, the volume of the rod end of the cylinder hydraulic vibrator made in the ratio of 1:2,3. The new value kinematic mode of operation of the modernized vibrator suitable for harvesting grain crops with a wide range of angles lateral roll harvester, which is confirmed by examples 2, 3 and 4. Diagrams of dependence of the rate of the kinematic mode of the vibrator from the angle of lateral roll and dynamic friction angle grains on the surface of a sieve for different cultures, calculated by the formula index of the kinematic mode of the vibrator, shown in Fig.6. So, dashed straight line "W" refers to the index of the kinematic mode of vibration; curve "and" - peas, where the indicator ε varies from 1.00 when?=0 degree to 1.22 when?=5 degrees curve; "K" - the wheat, which is the indicator ε varies from 1.00 when?=0 degrees to 4,37 when?=20 C; curve "l" refers to the oats, the indicator ε varies from 1.00 when?=0 degree to 2.58 when?=20 degrees. Thus, the numerical value of kinematic mode of vibrator for cleaning of different crops require more 1,00. The new value kinematic mode of operation of the modernized vibrator is 2,30, the dependence of the angle of lateral roll has the appearance of a dashed straight line "W" graph 6. This indicator is ideal for cleaning of different cultures in a wide range of angles lateral roll harvester, which is confirmed by examples 2, 3 and 4. Example 2. Remove culture oats. Table 1The estimated value of the indicator of the kinematic mode screens the critical value of lateral acceleration sieves up the roll and the critical value of lateral acceleration sieve down the roll in dynamic coefficient of friction of oats on the surface of a sieve The angle of lateral roll, alpha, ° 0 5 10 15 20The critical values of lateral acceleration sieve side roll down J KP.BH , m/s 2 4.8069 5,6440 6,4368 7,1774 7,7798"up" J KP.BB , m/s 2 4,8069 4,0401 3,0308 2,0988 1,1620Figure kinematic mode, ε=J 1/2 KRUN /J 1/2 KRW 1,0000 1,1819 1,4573 1,8492 2,5876As seen from table 1, vibrator, whose value kinematic mode of operation of the modernized vibrator equal to 2.3 provides effective alignment layer heap of oats on the sieve at angles lateral roll combine to 20. Example 3. Remove culture wheat. Table 2The estimated value of the indicator of the kinematic mode screens the critical value of lateral acceleration sieves up the roll and the critical value of lateral acceleration sieve down the roll dynamic coefficient of friction of wheat on the surface of a sieve The angle of lateral roll, alpha, ° 0 5 10 15 20The critical values of lateral acceleration sieve side roll down J CROWN , m/s 2 3,9642 4,8045 5,6069 6,3672 7,0801"up" J CRW , m/s 2 3.9649 3,0937 2,2009 1,2902 0,3701Figure kinematic mode, ε=J 1/2 KRUN /J 1/2 KRW 1,0000 1,2462 1,5961 2,2216 4,3742Table 2 shows that the vibrator in which the value of kinematic mode of operation of the modernized vibrator equal to 2.3 provides effective alignment layer heap of wheat on the sieve at angles lateral roll combine up to 15 degrees. Example 4. Remove the culture of peas. Table 3The estimated value of the indicator of the kinematic mode screens the critical value of lateral acceleration sieves up and roll critical value lateral acceleration sieve down the roll dynamic coefficient of friction of peas on the surface of a sieve The angle of lateral roll, alpha, ° 0 1 2 3 4 5The critical values of lateral acceleration sieve side roll down J CROWN , m/s 2 1,7069 1,7236 1,7395 1,7562 1,7721 2,0424"up" J CRW , m/s 2 1,7069 1,6902 1,7608 1,6542 1,6348 1,3570Figure kinematic mode, ε=J 1/2 KRUN /J 1/2 KRW 1,0000 1,0098 1,0204 1,0304 1,0412 1,2268As seen from table 3, vibrator with the index of the kinematic mode equal to 2.3 provides an effective alignment layer of a pile of peas on the sieve at angles lateral roll combine up to 5 degrees. The invention allows to reduce losses and improve treatment quality and performance combine harvesters. The economic effect is achieved, firstly, by reducing losses when harvesting, secondly, improve the purity of grain and, third, by increasing the productivity of combine. The annual loading combine harvester "Akros" or "don-1500" plant Rostselmash 780 hours, the utilization rate of shift time, equal to 0.7, capacity 14 t/h and the purchasing price of grain 5000 RUB/t, the economic effect of one combine harvester for the season is 7,644 million rubles A brief description of the drawings. Figure 1 shows a diagram of the forces acting on a particle at movement sieve down the side roll: nn is the normal at the point of interaction of grain with a sieve; mm - a tangent at the point of interaction of grain with a sieve; G is the gravity of grain; G N is the normal component of the gravity of grain; (G m - tangent component of the gravity of grain; N G a normal reaction sieve from gravity of grain; R - the force of inertia of grain; F is the force of friction of grains on the surface of a sieve. Figure 2 shows a diagram of the forces acting on a particle at movement sieves up the side roll: nn is the normal at the point of interaction of grain with a sieve; mm - a tangent at the point of interaction of grain with a sieve; G is the gravity of grain; G N is the normal component of the gravity of grain; (G m - tangent component of the gravity of grain; N G a normal reaction sieve from gravity of grain; R - the force of inertia of grain; F is the force of friction of grains on the surface of a sieve. Figure 3 shows the plot of velocities and accelerations sieve at lateral roll. Figure 3 shows: j BB - side sieve acceleration up; j BH - side sieve acceleration down; U BB - lateral speed sieves up; U BH - Bokovoy speed sieve down; and - the point of extreme right position sieve; b - the point is left to the sieve; AB is the amplitude of the lateral oscillations of sieves; plot speeds sieve at lateral movement up the roll; Mr. plot sieve acceleration at lateral movement up the roll; d - plot speeds sieve at lateral movement down the roll; e - plot sieve acceleration at lateral movement down the roll. Figure 4 presents the scheme of the device for realization of the way at the right side of the roll. Figure 4 shows: 1 - arm, 2 - a pendulum, 3 - valve-inductor, 4 - valve, 5 - vibrator-right roll, 6 - piston, 7 - rod vibrator, 8 - spot vibrator, 9 - the leader of the right, 10 - base, 11 - sieve, 12 - balancers, 13 - spring shock absorber right roll, 14 - the leader of the shock absorber right, 15 - roller shock absorber, 16 - shock absorber rod, 17 - vibrator left Bank, 18 - spring shock absorber of the left Bank. Figure 5 shows the scheme of the device for realization of the way when left side roll. Figure 5 shows: 1 - arm, 2 - a pendulum, 3 - valve-inductor, 4 - valve, 5 - vibrator-right roll, 6 - piston, 7 - rod vibrator, 8 - spot vibrator, 9 - the leader of the right, 10 - base, 11 - sieve, 12 - balancers, 13 - spring shock absorber right roll, 14 - the leader of the shock absorber right, 15 - roller shock absorber, 16 - shock absorber rod, 17 - vibrator left Bank, 18 - spring shock absorber of the left Bank. Figure 6 presents the diagrams of dependence of rate of kinematic mode of the vibrator from the angle of lateral roll at cleaning of different cultures. Figure 6 shows: alpha - angle lateral roll; e - indicator kinematic regime equipment vibration sieves for different cultures, depending on the value of the angle of lateral roll; W - dashed straight - parameter kinematic regime equipment vibration sieve modernized vibrator; and curve indicator kinematic regime equipment vibration sieve cleaning the peas; to curve indicator kinematic mode of lateral oscillations of the sieve when harvesting wheat; l - curve indicator kinematic regime equipment vibration sieve cleaning the oats, depending on the angle of a roll. The implementation of the invention 1st stage. At the enterprises producing units (vibrators bins for grain), to upgrade vibrator model GA-40000 IN combine harvesters "don-1500" by increasing the diameter of the shaft of the vibrator from 20 mm to 35 mm, This will increase the value of kinematic mode to 2.3, as the ratio of the volume of piston cavity of the cylinder compared to the displacement of the rod end is equal to 2.3. 2-nd stage. To organize the production of non-standard components: lever, pendulum, Crans-choke, guides, videos and springs of shock absorbers, for example, factories NGO "Rostselmash" or other enterprises. 3rd stage. Commissioning works, including assembling, running and testing, debugging for elimination of discovered defects in manufacturing and Assembly. 4-th stage. To carry out the invention, investment in size much smaller than the expected economic effect. The invention allows to reduce losses and improve treatment quality and performance combine harvesters. The economic effect is achieved, firstly, by reducing losses when harvesting, secondly, improve the purity of grain and, third, by increasing the productivity of combine. The annual loading combine harvester "Akros" or "don-1500" plant Rostselmash 780 hours, the utilization rate of shift time of 0.7, capacity 14 t/h and the purchasing price of grain 5000 RUB/t, the economic effect of one combine harvester for the season is 7,644 million rubles Sources of information 1. USSR author certificate №1207418 on MKL A01D 41/00, publ. 30.01.86 (bul. №4). 2. USSR author certificate №1213969 And MKL A01D 41/00, publ. 23.02.86 (bul. №7). 3. USSR author certificate №1414344 A1 in MCL A01D 41/00, publ. 07.08.88 (bul. №29). 4. USSR author certificate №1630649 A1 in MCL A01D 41/00, publ. 28.02.91 (bul. №8). 5. RF patent №2041594 C1 on MKL A01D 41/12, publ. 20.08.95 (bul. №23). 1. The method of dynamic alignment layer heap on clearing combine harvester when working on slopes includes additional equipment vibration sieve become clean, wherein provide the joint movement of the pile and sieves up the roll and the relative sliding of a pile up on the screen when movement sieve down the roll. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the frequency equipment vibration sieve is not equal to the frequency of longitudinal vibration sieve mill. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the value of the acceleration sieves up the roll is less than the critical value, and moving down the roll more critical in the ratio 1:2,3. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the numerical value of kinematic mode of the vibrator from the angle of lateral roll changes along a curved dependence. 5. Device for dynamic alignment layer heap on clearing combine harvester when working on slopes containing sidewall for the suspension of sieves, balancers sieve mill, sieve and the pendulum gyroscope, wherein it is provided with Upravitelj, spring shock absorbers and vibrators right and left Bank, made in the form of a hydraulic cylinder rod and with the rollers, with sieve mill interacts with spring shock absorbers through napravila, and the volume of rod and piston cavities, the hydraulic cylinder vibrator made in the ratio of 1:2,3. 6. The device according to claim 5, wherein hydraulic vibrator left roll is a mirror image of the vibrator right Bank. 7. The device according to claim 5, wherein the frequency equipment vibration sieve with increasing angle of Bank grows automatically by increasing the value bore crane-throttle through the lever of the pendulum.
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