Direct-flow propulsor for water transport

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to ship building and may be used for various ships. Proposed propulsor comprises pipeline and device to create water jet by forming travelling water waves. Said pipeline is arranged below water-line in symmetry on both sides of ship hull. Holes extending into pipeline made at equal distance L along ship hull. At least, two pairs of displacement piston pumps are located inside the hull on every side. Said pumps are rigidly jointed with ship hull and communicated with said holes via feed hoses to run in reciprocation mode. Extra hoses are arranged between pump cylinders and said holes. Switching solenoid valves are arranged in hoses and extra hoses.

EFFECT: higher efficiency and reliability.

2 cl, 8 dwg

The present invention relates to shipbuilding, in particular, to means of transport for water transport, and can be used as propulsion for ships.

Well-known and widely used device for movement by rotation force of the propeller.

Such typical devices used for movement of the vessel, inefficient, because have a relatively low efficiency. Thus, according to the calculations obtained from various sources, the efficiency of the propeller really is 40%. In other words, a large part of the energy supplied to the screw, is spent on useless agitation of the liquid. In addition, modern screw propeller propulsion unreliable because the propeller often fails due to the dynamic shock when confronted with different objects floating in the water, often entangled in the nets and seaweed.

Also known jet propulsion, providing the movement of the vessel relative to the water that is described in the patent of Russian Federation №2357891 C2, 27.08.2007.

These drivers create a straight stream of water and is relatively simple to manufacture.

However, these engines have a low efficiency, especially at low speeds of movement of the vessel, produce a lot of noise and create problems associated with cavitation.

As a prototype of the selected device for creating a flow of water flow and is designed to move ships, described in the patent (RU 2305047, C2, 27.08.2007).

The known device is the wave propulsion, which contains spaced in a row along the vessel sealed corrugated pouches, sealed outer cover these cases, the pipelines of high and low pressure, communicated with covers for sequential inflation and deflation of the nose of the device to the stern, and the pipeline of medium pressure, communicates with the space between the covers to maintain a pressure equal to the outboard.

Its advantage is the formation of artificial water waves, the speed of which is easy to adjust.

The drawback of the prior art lies in the fact that its implementation requires a complex mechanism of contraction and expansion of the covers. In addition, it may be used only for the underwater vehicle.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency and reliability of vehicles water transport, as well as increasing the maneuverability of ships.

The technical result is the creation of vehicles for water transport, which can be used as propulsion for ships, efficiency and reliability of ship propulsion and improving the maneuverability of vessels using the proposed propulsion.

The technical result DOS is ikaetsya by in direct-flow propeller for water transport, containing the pipelines and the device that creates a jet of water due to the formation of the pipeline running water waves, according to the invention, the pipelines are located below the waterline symmetrically on both sides of the hull, the hull along it at an equal distance L is made of the hole that goes into the pipes, the inside of the hull on each side with at least two pairs of volumetric piston pumps, rigidly coupled to the housing and connected with the holes through the inlet hoses running water waves form due to the fact that the piston pumps are designed to work in a reciprocating mode, so that the instantaneous values of the pressure p generated by pumps, subject to the harmonic law, defined by the formula p_i=P_msin(ωt-φ_i), where ω=2πf, P_m- peak value of the pressure angle φ_ithe phase shift of the instantaneous pressure generated by the pump, is equal to φ_i=-180°(i-1)/n, n is the number of pairs of pumps, i is the number of holes counted in the direction of travel of the traveling wave, the distance between adjacent holes L in the pipe is L=τ/n, τ=V/2f - polar division equal to the distance between the holes in the pipe associated with the cylinders of the pumps, the angles of pressure on the phase of which is equal to 180°, - given the speed of the fluid, f is the frequency of oscillation of the pistons in reciprocating pumps.

Between the cylinders, piston pumps, the displacement angle of the instantaneous pressure which is equal to 360°/n, and holes can be fitted with extra hoses, and in primary and secondary hoses installed switching solenoid valve.

The location of the pipelines below the waterline symmetrically on both sides of the hull, cut an opening in the housing along it at an equal distance L flowing in the pipelines, and the presence inside on each side of the at least two pairs of volumetric piston pumps associated with the holes using hoses, provides connection of the power unit with the propeller.

Execution piston pumps with the ability to work in a reciprocating mode, so that the instantaneous values of the pressure p generated by pumps, subject to the harmonic law, defined by the formula p_i=P_msin(ωt-φ_i), where ω=2πf, P_m- peak value of the pressure angle φ_ithe phase shift of the instantaneous pressure generated by the pump, is equal to φ_i=-180°(i-1)/n, n is the number of pairs of pumps, i is the number of holes counted in the direction of travel of the traveling wave, the distance between adjacent holes L in the pipe is L=τ/n, τ=V/2f - polar division equal to the distance the Yu between the holes in the pipe, associated with the cylinders of the pumps, the angles of pressure on the phase of which is equal to 180°, V - set speed of movement of the fluid, f is the frequency of oscillation of the pistons in reciprocating pumps, the pumps are connected with pipelines bringing hoses connected to these holes, ensuring the formation of the driving wave, leading to the creation of a continuous stream of water and the movement of the vessel.

The presence between the cylinders, piston pumps, the displacement angle of the instantaneous pressure which is equal to 360°/n, and holes additional hoses and installation of basic and additional hoses switching electromagnetic valve allows reverse movement of water flow into the propeller. In addition, this increases the maneuverability of the craft.

Ramjet propulsion for water transport is illustrated by the 8 figures.

1 shows a vessel, a side view, with a ramjet propulsion, located on both sides of the body.

Figure 2 shows the second projection of the vessel 1.

Figure 3 presents the design of the propulsion implemented using the four-chamber volume piston pumps.

Figure 4 drawn design, implemented using six single-chamber volume piston pumps.

Figure 5 shows a diagram of the pressure created by the six pumps.

Figure 6 is given plot of spatial and temporal changes of pressure in the pipeline to six pumps.

Figure 7 presents the implementation of the reverse movement of the running water waves for propulsion, consisting of four pumps.

On Fig a circuit implementation for reverse propulsion, consisting of six pumps.

Ramjet propulsion for water transport is a pipeline 1, arranged symmetrically below the waterline on both sides of the hull 2 of the vessel (1, 2). In case 2, along it at an equal distance L holes (Fig. not marked), passing in the pipeline 1. Inside the housing on each side set of at least two pairs of volumetric piston pumps, rigidly coupled to the hull and connected with the holes through the inlet hose (Fig. not shown).

In particular, figure 3 propulsion consists of four single-chamber volume piston pumps. Each pump is a cylinder, respectively, 3, 4, 5 and 6, coupled to the hull. In the cylinders are pistons respectively 7, 8, 9 and 10. The cylinders through the inlet hoses 11, 12, 13 and 14 is connected to the pipe 1 through the holes in it. The distance between adjacent inlet holes (Fig. not labeled) for hose in the pipe is equal to L_i=τ/n, where n is the number of pairs of pumps, τ=V/2f - USDOE division, V - set the speed of the traveling wave, f is the frequency of oscillation of the pistons in reciprocating pumps. In this example, τ is the distance between the two inlet holes in the pipe connecting the pipe 1 with the cylinders 3 and 5, or with cylinders 2 and 4, i.e. cylinders the displacement angle created their pressure differs by 180°. Piston pumps 7-10 lead in a reciprocating motion by means of motors (Fig. not shown)acting on the respective rods. Camera pumps and tubing filled with fluid medium (Fig. not marked). Instantaneous values of the pressure p generated by pumps, subject to the harmonic law, defined by the formula p_i=P_msin(ωt-φ_i), where ω=2πf, P_m- peak value of the pressure.

Figure 4 is given variant propulsion, where used six-chamber volume piston pump consisting of a cylinder with 15-20 pistons respectively 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26. The cylinders through the inlet hoses respectively 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 and 32 are connected to the pipeline 1. The distance between adjacent inlet holes for the hoses in the pipeline is also equal to L=τ/n, where n=3 is the number of pairs of pumps, τ=V/2f - pole division. In this figure, τ is the distance between the two inlet holes in the pipe connecting the pipe 1 with the cylinders 15 and 18 or cylinders 17 and 20 Il the cylinders 16 and 19. These pairs are out of phase with respect to each other, i.e. with an offset of 180°. The engines through the rods (Fig. not designated) lead to the movement of the pistons. Instantaneous values of the pressure p generated by the pumps, also subject to a harmonic law, defined by the formula p_i=P_msin(ωt-φ_i), where φ_i=-180°(i-1)/n, n=3, ω=2πf. The phase shift φ between the pressures at the adjacent pump is equal to 60°, i.e. subject to the same dependencies as in the previous example, i is the number of holes, calculated in the direction of travel of the traveling wave, i.e. in this example, from left to right. As figure 3 of the cylinder chambers 15-20 and the pipe 1 is filled fluid medium.

Chart pressure for a system of six cylinders consists of sinusoidal graphs of pressure generated by the pumps. Let us assume that a positive half-wave corresponds to a pressure increase in the pipeline, and a negative wave of his fall. The graphs indicated in the following order: for pump cylinder 15 chart pressure indicated by the numeral 33 (5), for pump cylinder 16 figure 34 for the pump cylinder 17 figure 35, for pump cylinder 18 figure 36 for the pump cylinder 19 figure 37 and pump cylinder 20 figure 38. The chart across the axis ωt selected vertical lines moments of time t₁, t₂, t₃, t₄, t₅t 6, t₇, t₈, t₉, t₁₀, t₁₁, t₁₂.

Plot the spatial and temporal changes of pressure in the pipeline for six pumps shows the direction of the instantaneous pressure p_idetermined by the action of pump cylinders in 15-20 places of articulation hoses 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 and 32 with the pipe 1 at a given point in time (Fig.6). Directions of forces acting along the pipeline, shown with vertical arrows. The resulting pressure wave generated in the pipeline for a given time t_ishown with triangles. If the pressure is increased (horizontal arrows point towards each other), the vertices of the triangles facing up. If the pressure in the pipeline at the moment is lowered (horizontal arrows point in opposite directions), then the vertices of the triangles facing down. From the figure it is seen that, depending on the time along the pipeline passes a longitudinal wave high or low pressures. This process after time t₁₂repeated.

A similar pattern will occur when the four pumps is shown in figure 3 and operating in a specified sequence. The only difference is that in the presence of 4 cylinders this process will be somewhat less uniform.

To change the direction of the active ingredient is the position of a traveling wave in the pipe 1 for system, consisting of four single-chamber volume piston pumps single acting 3, 4, 5 and 6. (Fig.7), you must install additional connections between cylinders and holes connecting the cylinders. The cylinders, as in figure 3, connected by means of connecting hoses respectively 11, 12, 13, 14 with the pipe 1. In addition, the cylinder 7 is connected an additional hose 39 to the pipe 1 in the same location as the hose 12. The cylinder 13 is connected to an additional hose 40 with the pipe in the same location as the hose 11. The hoses 11, 13, 39 and 40 mounted electrically operated shut-off valves respectively 41, 42, 43 and 44. The angle of shift of the instantaneous pressure in the switchable valve is equal to 360°/n, i.e. in this four-cylinder system is 180°. When the switching valves 41 and 42 43 and 44 is a sequence change of the instantaneous pressure inside a pipeline.

To change the direction of traveling wave in the pipe 1 in the system, consisting of three pairs of cylinders, also produce switching of the respective valves. There must be additional inlet hoses 45 and 46 (Fig) between the outputs of the cylinders 15, 17 and additional hoses 47 and 48 between the cylinders 18, 20. As can be seen from the figures, the cylinder 15 is connected to an additional hose 46 with the pipe 1 in the same location as the hose 29. The cylinder 29 is connected to the optional hose 45 to the pipeline in the same place, that and the hose 27 of the cylinder 17. The cylinder 18 is connected to an additional hose 47 to the pipe 1 in the same location as the hose 32. The cylinder 20 is connected to an additional hose 44 with the pipe in the same location as the hose 30. The hoses 27, 29, 45 and 46, 30, 32, 47 and 48 mounted electrically operated shut-off valves 49, 50, 51 and 52, 53, 54, 55 and 56. When switching valves 49 and 50 51 and 52 and valve 53 and 54 on the valves 55 and 56 is the sequence change of the instantaneous pressure inside the pipeline 1 on the back. The angle of shift of the instantaneous pressure in the switchable valve is equal to 360°/n, i.e. in this six-cylinder system is 120°.

Ramjet propulsion for water transport operates in the following manner. When the reciprocating motion of the pistons in the cylinders 3-6 (figure 3) in the pipeline 1 arise alternating harmonic oscillations of pressure with phase shift φ_i=-180°(i-1)/n. A similar phenomenon will occur during the movement of the pistons in the cylinders 15-20 (figure 4). The effect can be traced on the basis of a consideration of figure 5 and 6. As can be seen from the plot the spatial and temporal changes of the instantaneous pressure p_i(6) along the pipeline are longitudinal waves high (vertices of the triangles facing upwards), or low pressure (the vertices of the triangles facing down). This process after a point of time the Yeni t ₁₂repeats itself. Considering the whole interval of time, you can ensure that the pipeline will be consistently and uniformly move one way repeated waves. Therefore, the pipeline 1 is continuously moved by the water flow, the direction of which depends on the sequence of cylinders. The wave amplitude equal to the maximum pressure P_m. These waves will tighten the fluid and move it in this case from left to right. The speed of the wave is determined by the equation: V=2fτ.

The same will operate the system with two pairs of cylinders, are presented in figure 3.

Newton's third law States that the force of action is equal to and opposite in direction to the reaction force. In accordance with this law, if the pipeline with the cylinder formed by the flow of water, the cylinders will be a force, opposite in sign and proportional to the mass of flowing water. From the cylinder the force transmitted to the body, forcing the ship to move in the direction opposite to the motion of the fluid. This process is physically identical to the formation of a traveling magnetic wave in the linear induction motor (LAD). The latter is used for pumping liquid metals. The difference is that a traveling magnetic field WAY has no m is ssy and its manifestations it is necessary to use a secondary body. In once-through as the mover is formed running force field directly in the fluid with mass.

To adjust the speed V of movement of the fluid is possible by changing the frequency f of oscillation of the pistons in the cylinders.

For reversing the fluid in the pipe 1, it is necessary to change the rotation operation of the pistons. This change rotation and is as follows. In direct fluid motion (right to left) in four designs must be open valves 41, 42 (7). To change the direction of fluid required to open the valves 43, 44 and then close the valves 41 and 42.

A similar pattern will occur in the six pumps shown in Fig. In direct fluid motion (right to left) must be open valves 49, 50, 53 and 54. To change the direction of fluid required to open the valves 51, 52, 55 and 56 and then close the valves 49, 50, 53 and 54. Thus there is practically no inertia. To reverse it is not necessary to affect the propulsion unit. Making the change of direction of the fluid in one of the pipelines, it is possible to provide various maneuvers of the vessel, including turns in one place.

Propulsion easily protected against ingress of foreign objects through the installation at the entrance of the pipeline is safety gratings. Lattice can be put at the entrance of the inlet hoses.

The example application. You want to get the water velocity V=100 km/h (28 m/s). Pole division taken equal to τ=2.5 m From the formula V=2fτ we find that the frequency of the reciprocating harmonic forces applied to the holes should be equal to f=5,6 Hz. The frequency of movement of the rods in the cylinders will correspond to the same frequency of 5.6 Hz.

The average length L_cfbetween the holes is determined from the relation L_cf=τ/m=2,5/3=083 m, where m=3 is the number of phases of the system. The total length of the drive system will be L_Σ=2,5 x 1.5=3.75 M.

The advantages of the proposed technical solutions are:

wide possibility of regulating the speed of movement of the fluid by changing the frequency of oscillation of the pistons in the cylinders;

- the possibility of reversal of the fluid flow without changing the direction of movement of a drive motor;

- easy implementation;

- excluded breakdown in the mechanical system, providing a flow of fluid, as in the holes of the pipeline can be put enclosing lattice, preventing the ingress of large solid objects;

- increased system efficiency, because there is no rotational mixing of the fluid and reduced friction losses;

- inertia-free.

1. Uniflow digital is for water transport, containing the pipelines and the device that creates a jet of water due to the formation of the pipeline running water waves, characterized in that the pipelines are located below the waterline symmetrically on both sides of the hull, the hull along it at an equal distance L is made of the hole that goes into the pipes, the inside of the hull on each side with at least two pairs of volumetric piston pumps, rigidly coupled to the housing and connected with the holes through the inlet hoses running water waves form due to the fact that the piston pumps are designed to work in a reciprocating mode, so that the instantaneous values pressure p generated by pumps, subject to the harmonic law, defined by the formula p_i=P_msin(ωt-φ_i), where ω=2πf,P_m- peak value of the pressure angle φ_ithe phase shift of the instantaneous pressure generated by the pump, is equal to φ_i=-180°(i-1)/n, n is the number of pairs of pumps, i is the number of holes counted in the direction of travel of the traveling wave, the distance between adjacent holes L in the pipe is L=τ/n, τ=V/2f - polar division equal to the distance between the holes in the pipe associated with the cylinders of the pumps, the angles of pressure on the phase of which is equal to 180°, V - set speed of movement of the fluid, f - h the PTA oscillation of the pistons in reciprocating pumps.

2. Straight mover according to claim 1, characterized in that between the cylinders, piston pumps, the displacement angle of the instantaneous pressure which is equal to 360°/n, and holes have additional hoses, and in primary and secondary hoses installed switching solenoid valves.